In order to define a material as antimicrobial, efficacy should be evaluated under reproducible conditions that mimic later in-use environments. A renowned antimicrobial testing lab needs to be fetched. Fast and precise report is necessary for making around free from hazardous microorganisms.

1. Biosan Laboratories
Presents
Standardized Antibacterial
Material Testing Methods

2. Introduction
Microorganisms cause disease after reaching
out to a potential host. They move around the
environment in various but typically passive
ways such as aerosols, and direct contact
between two animated objects, and fomites.
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Certain microbes can retain their pathogenic potential whilst
outside their host for a longer period of time. According to
studies, they can survive from days to a few weeks on inanimate
surfaces like metals and plastics which are usually considered
hygienic surfaces.

4. Testing the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Materials (AMM)
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Standardised test methods are required and considered
inevitable in the development of a unique antimicrobial
material. In order to define a material as antimicrobial,
efficacy should be evaluated under reproducible
conditions that mimic later in-use environments.
Antimicrobial testing is mandatory here.

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The method needs to enable them who have special
interest in AMM to establish a confidence in their
material, offering some positive data that bolsters
further exploration for testing the material either
under conditions more precise to the intended point
of use or even in practice.

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A renowned microbial testing laboratory
performs the relevant standardized test method
to validate the reproducibility of an antimicrobial
material and achieve results that are all within
the natural error range for such a test. The
validity of data resulting from individual test
methods should be acknowledged. On the other
hand a growing need exists for accurate and
reproducible methods, as many different AMM
fall short when being tested by independent
reviewers.

7. Standardized Tests for AMMs in Vitro
High surface area to volume ratio tests
Agar zone of inhibition tests
Suspension tests
Adhesion tests
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Biofilm tests

8. High surface area to volume ratio tests
Such methods focus on maximizing the
contact between the surface and the
microorganism, so the cells and the surface
are essentially always touching and
interacting. This is usually done by placing
the bacteria between the test sample and
another sterilized non-antimicrobial material
such as glass or plastic.
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9. Agar zone of inhibition tests
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Methods that utilize zones of inhibition, for which
there are two existing standardized methods
provide only an indicator of whether any
antimicrobial effect might be present under
permanently wet conditions. The first, ISO
20645:2004 is based on a disk diffusion method,
where the AMM is placed on top of an inoculated
nutrient agar plate, incubated at the required
temperature for a set time depending on the
requirements for the bacteria being tested

10. Suspension tests
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Suspension methods focus on inoculating and
incubating bacteria in a liquid medium containing
the antimicrobial surface, and then determining
the remaining viable CFUs by taking an aliquot of
this liquid and performing a dilution plate count
using it. This allows assessment of materials that
exhibit antimicrobial-release properties.

11. Adhesion tests
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These tests focus on quantifying the number of
bacteria that can adhere to an antimicrobial
material. There are two approaches to this form
of testing. The first requires that the test surface
is inoculated with the bacteria and incubated for
1 to 4 h.

12. Biofilm tests
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A biofilm is an assemblage of microorganisms that are
associated with a surface and often become encased in
a matrix of polysaccharide material. They are one of the
most common forms that microorganisms take on
Earth and can cause significant problems when they
form in certain artificial environments.

13. Conclusion
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Both clinical and non-clinical settings are prone to
growth of microorganisms. Various methods are used
to control microorganisms on surfaces in those
settings. In clinical environments, methods to
chemically disinfect surfaces are often used, but may
be performed inadequately, (through poor adherence
to cleaning protocols), allowing pathogens to be
spread more rapidly throughout wards, following
recontamination of disinfected surfaces via contact
with fomites.

14. ThankYou
Biosan Laboratories, Inc.
1950 Tobsal Court,
Warren, MI 48091-1351
USA
www.biosan.com
Email: info@biosan.com