Akinkunmi Akindiji is a property investor, technology consultant, and avid F1 fan, Kunmi has a diverse range of interests and expertise. With a background in delivering projects across a variety of industries, including insurance, banking, telecoms, and automotive, Kunmi has a wealth of experience supporting enterprise scale digital transformation projects.

1. Navigating the Risks and Rewards of Tech Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract
The role of technology in transforming economies and societies cannot be overemphasized.
However, investing in technology in sub-Saharan Africa poses risks and challenges that must be
navigated. This paper explores the risks and rewards of investing in tech in sub-Saharan Africa by
examining the enabling environment, investment opportunities, challenges, and outcomes of tech
investments in countries in the region. Drawing on secondary data, the paper highlights the need for
investors to understand the peculiarities of the region, partner with local players, and adopt a long-
term investment approach. The paper contributes to the discourse on the role of technology in
Africa's development and provides insights for investors seeking to exploit the opportunities in the
technology sector in sub-Saharan Africa.
Introduction
Sub-Saharan Africa is a region of contrasts, with rich human and natural resources but grappling with
poverty, conflict, and underdevelopment. The region is home to many tech hubs, accelerators, and
startups, which have made strides in developing innovative solutions to local challenges. However,
investing in technology in the region poses risks and challenges that must be navigated. Tech
investments in sub-Saharan Africa have the potential to transform economies and societies, but they
also carry risks such as political instability, weak regulatory frameworks, and low levels of digital
literacy. This paper explores the risks and rewards of investing in technology in sub-Saharan Africa.
Enabling Environment for Tech Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa has made strides in creating an enabling environment for tech investments. For
instance, the region has experienced an increase in mobile phone and internet penetration in recent
years, with almost half of the population having access to the internet. Governments in the region
are also creating policies and regulatory frameworks that support the growth of the tech industry.
Countries such as Ghana, Kenya, and Rwanda have launched initiatives to promote tech innovation,
with Rwanda being the first country in the world to launch a drone delivery system. However,
challenges such as poor infrastructure, inadequate access to capital, and corruption persist and
continue to hinder the growth of the sector.
Investment Opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa

2. Sub-Saharan Africa presents immense opportunities for tech investments. The region is home to
over one billion people, with a growing middle class and a youthful population that is tech-savvy and
eager to adopt innovative solutions. Areas of investment opportunities include fintech, e-commerce,
health tech, agritech, and renewable energy. For instance, fintech companies such as M-Pesa in
Kenya have revolutionized how people access financial services by leveraging mobile technology.
Similarly, e-commerce platforms such as Jumia have made it easier for people to buy and sell online,
while health tech startups such as mPharma are transforming healthcare delivery in the region.
Challenges of Tech Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa
Investing in technology in sub-Saharan Africa is not without challenges. The region is plagued by
political instability, which makes it difficult for foreign investors to predict the direction of policy and
regulations. Weak regulatory frameworks and inadequate legal systems also pose a challenge to
investors. Additionally, the lack of digital literacy and poor infrastructure, such as electricity and
broadband connectivity, hinder the adoption of tech solutions by the general population. Finally,
corruption remains a major impediment to doing business in the region, with investors citing an
uneven playing field caused by preferential treatment of local players.
Outcomes of Tech Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa
Despite the challenges, tech investments in sub-Saharan Africa have yielded positive outcomes. The
sector has created jobs, spurred innovation, and provided solutions to local challenges. For instance,
fintech solutions such as mobile banking have transformed financial inclusion, while health tech
solutions such as telemedicine have improved access to healthcare services. Additionally, e-
commerce solutions have created new markets and generated revenue in a region where traditional
brick-and-mortar retail is still predominant.
Conclusion
Investing in technology in sub-Saharan Africa requires an understanding of the peculiarities of the
region and a long-term investment approach. While the region presents immense opportunities for
tech investments, investors must navigate risks such as political instability, weak regulatory
frameworks, and low levels of digital literacy. To mitigate these risks, investors must partner with
local players, adopt innovative approaches, and leverage local knowledge and networks. Investing in

3. technology in sub-Saharan Africa has the potential to transform economies and societies, but it also
requires patience, resilience, and a deep commitment to the development of the region.