2. 1. To know genesis & evolution of life,
society and human behavior.
2. History Progressive path to
future
3. To appreciate the commanding
work done by our forefathers and
enthuse us to achieve higher goals
in pursuance of excellence
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History
3. 1. Earliest known – Trepanation
(Trephining) Kiev – Ukraine – 7300- 6220
B.C
2. Ancient Egyptian pyramids- Discovery of
Brain Surgery.
3. Edwin Smit Papyrus – 1600 B.C
4. Susrutha-400 B>C – Father of Surgery
Susrutha Samhitha
5. Ancient Greek – Hippocrates & Galen
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4. 1. Decline of Surgery in the west by 13th
century.
2. Physicians higher status
3. Barbers & Monks – Self Qualified
Surgeons.
4. Rogerius Salernitanus- 1180 A>D-
Chirurgiae
5. Surgical Therapy- amputations, drainage
of abscess, scarification, leeching etc.
6. Ambroise Pare
7. John Hunter
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5. Birth of Modern Surgery
Louis Pasteur > Germ Theory
Ignas Semmelweis > Washing Hands – Puerperal Sepsis
Joseph Lister > Sterile Surgery – Principles of Practice of Surgery (March 16, 1867). “Father of Modern
antisepsis”
King Edward VII – “ I know that if it had not been for you and your work, I would not have been sitting here
today”
T.G.Morton =Boston dentist-1846> Anaesthesia.
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6. Birth of Modern Surgery
William Stewart Haslsted(1852-1922)
Sterile Rubber Gloves
New Surgery, based on anatomic, pathologic, and
physiologic principles and employing animal
experimentation.
Modern Operation theater
Residency scheme of training surgeons
Theodore Billorth (1881) – Gastrectomy
Langenbuch (1882) – Cholecystectomy
Synmonds (1883) - Appendicectomy
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8. Modern Surgery
4 Major advancements in related disciplines helped the
advancements of surgery are:
1. Knowledge of Anatomy
2. Discovery of Anesthesia
3. Intraoperative hemostasis
4. Concepts of asepsis
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9. Modern Surgery
20th Century Surgery Landmarks
Improved understanding of shock
Knowledge of blood group & blood transfusion technique
Understanding of blood clotting
Development of antibiotics & analgesics
Electrically powered surgical instruments, surgical stapling instruments, surgical glues, tapes
etc.
X- Rays & Scan
Cryogenic Super Cooled Probes
Ultrasonic Devices, Medical Lasers
Heart Lung Machines, Hypothermia, transplantation of organs
Orthopedics- cementing substances, bone & joint replacement.
Microsurgery
Minimally invasive surgery
Vascular imaging, angioplasty
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