SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 9
Thin-Film Solar Cells
‫وتقديم‬ ‫أعداد‬
‫أ‬
.
‫م‬
.
‫عبود‬ ‫هاشم‬ ‫لؤي‬
‫م‬
.
‫د‬
.
‫الخاقاني‬ ‫حاكم‬ ‫أمير‬
‫الخلية‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫ذات‬
‫األغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫هي‬
‫عبارة‬
‫عن‬
‫خلية‬
‫شمسية‬
‫من‬
‫الجيل‬
‫الثاني‬
‫يتم‬
‫تصنيعها‬
‫عن‬
‫طريق‬
‫ترسيب‬
‫طبقة‬
‫رقيقة‬
‫واحدة‬
‫أو‬
‫أكثر‬
،
‫أو‬
‫طبقة‬
‫رقيقة‬
‫من‬
‫المواد‬
‫الضوئية‬
‫على‬
‫ركيزة‬
،
‫مثل‬
‫الزجاج‬
‫أو‬
‫البالستيك‬
‫أو‬
‫المعدن‬
.
‫ي‬
‫تم‬
‫استخدام‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫ذات‬
‫األغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫بشكل‬
‫تجاري‬
‫في‬
‫العديد‬
‫من‬
‫التقنيات‬
،
‫بما‬
‫في‬
‫ذلك‬
‫تيلوريد‬
‫الكا‬
‫دميوم‬
(
CdTe)
،
‫و‬
diselenide
‫غاليوم‬
‫اإلنديوم‬
‫النحاسي‬
(
CIGS)
،
‫والسيليكون‬
‫الرقيق‬
‫غير‬
‫المتبلور‬
(
‫أي‬
‫سي‬
،
TF-Si).
‫تتراوح‬
‫سماكة‬
‫الفيلم‬
‫من‬
‫بضع‬
‫نانومترات‬
nm
‫إلى‬
‫عشرات‬
‫من‬
‫الميكرومترات‬
µ
m
،
‫وهي‬
‫تقنية‬
‫أرق‬
‫بكثير‬
‫من‬
‫التقنية‬
‫المتنافسة‬
‫لألغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
،
‫وهي‬
‫الخلية‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫التقليدية‬
‫المتقنة‬
‫من‬
‫الجيل‬
‫األول‬
c-Si
،
‫والتي‬
‫تستخدم‬
‫رقائق‬
‫تصل‬
‫إلى‬
200
‫ميكرون‬
.
‫هذا‬
‫يسمح‬
‫لخاليا‬
‫الفيلم‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫أن‬
‫تكون‬
‫مرنة‬
،
‫وخفض‬
‫الوزن‬
.
‫يتم‬
‫استخدامه‬
‫في‬
‫بناء‬
‫الخالي‬
‫ا‬
‫الكهروضوئية‬
‫المتكاملة‬
‫وكمادة‬
‫شبه‬
‫زجاجية‬
‫فوتوضوئية‬
‫يمكن‬
‫لصقها‬
‫على‬
‫النوافذ‬
.
‫تستخدم‬
‫التطبيقات‬
‫التجارية‬
‫األخ‬
‫رى‬
‫األلواح‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫لألغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫الصلبة‬
(
‫المحصورة‬
‫بين‬
‫طبقتين‬
‫من‬
‫الزجاج‬
)
‫في‬
‫بعض‬
‫أكبر‬
‫محطات‬
‫الطاقة‬
‫الكهروضوئ‬
‫ية‬
‫في‬
‫العالم‬
.
7.1% efficient co-electroplated Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film
solar cells with sputtered CdS buffer layers
Examples of thin-
film solar cells
structures: (a)
amorphous silicon,
(b) cadmium
telluride, and (c)
copper indium
gallium diselenide
‫لطالما‬
‫كانت‬
‫تكنولوجيا‬
‫األغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫أرخص‬
‫ولكن‬
‫أقل‬
‫كفاءة‬
‫من‬
‫تقنية‬
‫السي‬
‫سي‬
‫التقليدية‬
.
‫ومع‬
‫ذلك‬
،
‫فقد‬
‫تحسنت‬
‫بشكل‬
‫ملحوظ‬
‫على‬
‫مر‬
‫السنين‬
.
‫إن‬
‫كفاءة‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫المعملية‬
‫للـ‬
CdT
‫و‬
CIGS
‫تتجاوز‬
‫اآلن‬
21
‫في‬
‫المائة‬
،
‫متفوقة‬
‫بذلك‬
‫على‬
‫السيليكون‬
‫متعدد‬
‫البلورات‬
،
‫المادة‬
‫المهيمنة‬
‫المستخدمة‬
ً
‫حاليا‬
‫في‬
‫معظم‬
‫األنظمة‬
‫الكهروضوئية‬
‫الشمس‬
‫ية‬
.
23،24
‫اختبار‬
‫العمر‬
‫المعجل‬
‫لوحدات‬
‫الغشاء‬
‫الرقيق‬
‫تحت‬
‫ظروف‬
‫المختبر‬
‫يقاس‬
‫بتدهور‬
‫أسرع‬
‫إلى‬
‫حد‬
‫ما‬
‫بالمقارنة‬
‫م‬
‫ع‬
PV
‫التقليدية‬
،
‫في‬
‫حين‬
‫من‬
‫المتوقع‬
‫عموما‬
‫عمر‬
20
‫عاما‬
‫أو‬
‫أكثر‬
.
‫وعلى‬
‫الرغم‬
‫من‬
‫هذه‬
‫التحسينات‬
،
‫لم‬
‫تصل‬
‫حصة‬
‫السوق‬
‫من‬
‫األغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫إلى‬
‫أكثر‬
‫من‬
20
‫في‬
‫المائة‬
‫في‬
‫العقدين‬
‫األخيرين‬
،
‫وقد‬
‫تراجعت‬
‫في‬
‫السنوات‬
‫األخيرة‬
‫إلى‬
‫حوا‬
‫لي‬
9
‫في‬
‫المائة‬
‫من‬
‫المنشآت‬
‫الكهروضوئية‬
‫في‬
‫جميع‬
‫أنحاء‬
‫العالم‬
‫في‬
‫عام‬
2013
.
18:19
‫ا‬‫غالب‬
‫ما‬
‫ف‬َّ‫ن‬‫ص‬ُ‫ت‬
‫تقنيات‬
‫أخرى‬
‫لألغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫ال‬
‫تزال‬
‫في‬
‫مرحلة‬
‫مبكرة‬
‫من‬
‫األبحاث‬
‫الجارية‬
‫أو‬
‫محدودة‬
‫التوافر‬
‫التجاري‬
‫كخاليا‬
‫فوتوض‬
‫وئية‬
‫ناشئة‬
‫أو‬
‫الجيل‬
‫الثالث‬
،
‫وتشمل‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫العضوية‬
‫والمتحسنة‬
‫الصبغية‬
‫والبوليمر‬
،
ً
‫فضال‬
‫عن‬
‫نقطة‬
‫ال‬
‫كم‬
‫والنحاس‬
.
‫الزنك‬
‫كبريتيد‬
‫القصدير‬
،
nanocrystal
،
micromorph
،
‫والخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
perovskite
‫وصل‬
‫العصر‬
‫الحديث‬
‫لتكنولوجيا‬
‫األجهزة‬
‫الكهروضوئية‬
‫إلى‬
‫عام‬
‫اليوبيل‬
‫الذهبي‬
‫في‬
‫عام‬
2003
‫منذ‬
‫اكتشاف‬
‫جهاز‬
‫تقاطع‬
p-n Si
‫الكهروضوئية‬
PV2
‫تم‬
‫اإلبالغ‬
‫عنه‬
‫في‬
‫عام‬
1954
،
‫العلم‬
‫والتكنولوجيا‬
‫شهدت‬
‫األجهزة‬
‫الكهروضوئية‬
(
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
)
‫وأنظمتها‬
‫تطورات‬
‫ثورية‬
.
‫اليوم‬
‫األفضل‬
‫بلغت‬
‫كفاءة‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫أحادية‬
‫البلورة‬
Si 24 7
٪
،
‫مقارنة‬
‫بالقيمة‬
‫القصوى‬
‫النظرية‬
30
٪
‫بلغ‬
‫إنتاج‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫على‬
‫نطاق‬
‫واسع‬
‫خالل‬
‫عام‬
2002
‫في‬
‫جميع‬
‫أنحاء‬
‫العالم‬
3
‫أكثر‬
‫من‬
500
‫ميجاوات‬
40
٪
‫من‬
‫الكريستال‬
‫األحادي‬
Si
‫و‬
51
٪
‫من‬
‫خاليا‬
Si
‫متعددة‬
‫البلورات‬
‫وحوالي‬
8
٪
‫على‬
‫أساس‬
‫األغشية‬
‫الرقيقة‬
‫غير‬
‫المتبلورة‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
Si.
‫بشكل‬
‫تراكمي‬
،
‫يتم‬
‫استخدام‬
‫حوالي‬
2
‫جيجاواط‬
‫من‬
‫الخاليا‬
‫الشمسية‬
‫في‬
‫جميع‬
‫أنحاء‬
‫العالم‬
‫في‬
‫مجموعة‬
‫متنوعة‬
‫من‬
‫التطبيقات‬
،
‫تتراوح‬
‫من‬
‫عدة‬
‫محطات‬
‫طاقة‬
‫قائمة‬
‫بذاتها‬
/
‫متصلة‬
‫بالشبكة‬
‫إلى‬
‫عدة‬
‫ميجاوات‬
‫إلكترونية‬
‫منخفضة‬
‫الطاقة‬
Manufacturing cost
and production
capacity projections
for thin-film and non-
thin-film modules
based on the data
available in year 2001
Video Fabrication of thin-film silicon (a-Si) solar cell by Plasma enhanced chemical
vapour deposition PECVD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBNxQF8rvW4
Thank You

More Related Content

Featured

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Featured (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Thin-Film Solar Cells