NETWORK ROUTING

1. ‫ﻣﺎه‬ ‫آذر‬١٣٩٧

2. ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
Router
‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬.
‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬IOS
‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻓﺰارھﺎی‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬Three Layer Design
‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬IP‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫دھﯽ‬
show interfaces
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
Router
‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬
‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬.
‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬IOS
‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻓﺰارھﺎی‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬Three Layer Design
‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬IP‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫دھﯽ‬
show interfaces
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١

3. ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫اداﻣﻪ‬
Routing Table
‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫روش‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/٢

4. ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫از‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﻮل‬‫و‬‫ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫و‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎ‬‫اﺟﺎزه‬‫داد‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫درآورﻧﺪ‬.‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮي‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰاﺗﯽ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺳﻮﯾﭻ‬‫و‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬‫اداﻣﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ‬
‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ‬.
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫از‬‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫در‬‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬‫و‬‫ﮐﺎر‬‫از‬‫زﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﻮل‬‫و‬‫ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻃﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫و‬‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬‫ﮐﻢ‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬.‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺮﮐﺘﻬﺎ‬‫اﺟﺎزه‬‫داد‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬‫راﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫را‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫درآورﻧﺪ‬.‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬‫و‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮي‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰاﺗﯽ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﺳﻮﯾﭻ‬‫و‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﻪ‬‫در‬‫اداﻣﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫آﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ‬
‫ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ‬.
١٨/٣ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

5. Router
‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫وظﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫روﺗﺮ‬
‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬WAN‫ھﺎﺳﺖ‬.
‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫دارای‬ ‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ھﺮ‬)‫راﺑﻂ‬(‫ھﺴﺖ‬.
LAN Interface
WAN Interface
‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫وظﯿﻔﮫ‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫روﺗﺮ‬
‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬.
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬WAN‫ھﺎﺳﺖ‬.
‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬ ‫دارای‬ ‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ھﺮ‬)‫راﺑﻂ‬(‫ھﺴﺖ‬.
LAN Interface
WAN Interface
١٨/۴ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

6. ‫روﺗرھﺎ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺗﺎر‬
RAM
Flash
ROM
NV-RAM
RAM
Flash
ROM
NV-RAM
١٨/۵ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

7. ‫روﺗر‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫اﺗﺻﺎل‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫راه‬ ‫ﺑررﺳﯽ‬
١.port console
‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫ﮐﻨﺴﻮل‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬RJ-45‫ھﺴﺖ‬
CISCO‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫ھﺎی‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ‬‫اش‬Line‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﻮﯾﺪ‬
Rollever Cable.
٢-‫ﭘﻮرت‬LAN
‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬Remote)‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫روش‬‫ھﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬Telnet‫ﯾﺎ‬SSH‫وﯾﺎ‬Cisco
Work(‫از‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.
٣.Auxiliary Port
‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬Remote‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮای‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮاھﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ھﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫دو‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﮭﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﮐﺮد‬.
١.port console
‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫ﮐﻨﺴﻮل‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬RJ-45‫ھﺴﺖ‬
CISCO‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫ھﺎی‬‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ‬‫اش‬Line‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮔﻮﯾﺪ‬
Rollever Cable.
٢-‫ﭘﻮرت‬LAN
‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬Remote)‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫روش‬‫ھﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬Telnet‫ﯾﺎ‬SSH‫وﯾﺎ‬Cisco
Work(‫از‬‫داﺧﻞ‬‫ﺧﻮد‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.
٣.Auxiliary Port
‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺻﻮرت‬Remote‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮای‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮاھﻢ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬.‫ھﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر‬‫از‬‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﻮرت‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺗﻮان‬‫دو‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫را‬‫ﺑﮭﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﮐﺮد‬.
١٨/۶ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

8. ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫ﺳوﺋﯾﭻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﺗرھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﺳﯾﺳﺗم‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬IOS‫ﻣﺨﻔﻒ‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ھﺴﺖ‬
Internetwork Operating System
‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬IOS
‫را‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮای‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﮑﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪی‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ، ‫ﺑﺒﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬.
 ١. User Mode Router>
 ٢. PrivilegeMode Router#
 ٣. Global Mode Router(config)#
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ھﺎ‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
،‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬IOS‫ﻣﺨﻔﻒ‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ھﺴﺖ‬
Internetwork Operating System
‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬IOS
‫را‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮای‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﮑﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪی‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫آن‬ ، ‫ﺑﺒﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬.
 ١. User Mode Router>
 ٢. PrivilegeMode Router#
 ٣. Global Mode Router(config)#
١٨/٧ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

9. ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﺑﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻓزارھﺎی‬ ‫ﻧرم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﺷﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﻮﻻﺗﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
١.‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬GNS3.
٢.‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬PacketTracer.
‫ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ھﺮ‬.‫اﻣﺎ‬GNS‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻮراﯾﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزی‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬ ‫رو‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯽ‬ ‫روﺗﺮ‬.
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﮫ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﻮﻻﺗﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫دو‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
١.‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬GNS3.
٢.‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬PacketTracer.
‫ھﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮب‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ھﺮ‬.‫اﻣﺎ‬GNS‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻮراﯾﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزی‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬ ‫رو‬ ‫واﻗﻌﯽ‬ ‫روﺗﺮ‬.
١٨/٨ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

10. ‫اﺳﺗﺎﻧدارد‬Three Layer Design
‫دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫در‬
.
١.‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬One Layer Design
٢.‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬Two Layers Design
٣.‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬Three Layer Design
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ھﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺘﺮﯾﻨﺸﻮن‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬.
‫دارﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ، ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫در‬
.
١.‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬One Layer Design
٢.‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬Two Layers Design
٣.‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫طﺮاﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬Three Layer Design
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ھﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺘﺮﯾﻨﺸﻮن‬ ‫ﮐﮫ‬.
١٨/٩ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

11. ‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫طراﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺎﻧدارد‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١٠

12. ‫ﺷﺑﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫طراﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺎﻧدارد‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١١

13. ‫ﺷﺑﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫طراﺣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺎﻧدارد‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١٢

14. ‫اي‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬
‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫اول‬–Access:‫وظﯿﻔﮫ‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری‬‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬End User‫ھﺎرو‬
‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬‫دارد‬.‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬‫ﺳﺎزی‬‫ﻣﮏ‬‫آدرس‬‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﯾﻨﮓ‬‫و‬...‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫دوم‬-Distribution:‫وظﯿﻔﮫ‬‫روﺗﯿﻨﮓ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭽﯿﻨﮓ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬‫ھﺎی‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫را‬
‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬‫دارد‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬‫از‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺳﮫ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬
‫ھﻢ‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬‫ﺳﺎزی‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺳﻮم‬-Core:‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬‫دارد‬.‫اﮔﺮ‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬‫اﺗﻔﺎق‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺘﺪ‬‫ھﻤﮫ‬‫ﯾﻮزرھﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬Down‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫ﮐﺎﻧﻔﯿﮓ‬‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬
‫ھﺎی‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﮫ‬‫ای‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫و‬‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮای‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬
‫ارﻣﻐﺎن‬‫ﺑﯿﺎورد‬.‫ﭼﺮا‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﺗﻨﮭﺎ‬‫ھﺪف‬‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬‫ھﺎی‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬،‫روﺗﯿﻨﮓ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭽﯿﻨﮓ‬
‫اطﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫وﺟﮫ‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫اول‬–Access:‫وظﯿﻔﮫ‬‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری‬‫و‬‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬End User‫ھﺎرو‬
‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬‫دارد‬.‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬‫ﺳﺎزی‬‫ﻣﮏ‬‫آدرس‬‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﯾﻨﮓ‬‫و‬...‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫دوم‬-Distribution:‫وظﯿﻔﮫ‬‫روﺗﯿﻨﮓ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭽﯿﻨﮓ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬‫ھﺎی‬‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬‫را‬
‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬‫دارد‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ‬‫از‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬‫ﯾﺎ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬‫روﺗﺮ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺳﮫ‬‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬
‫ھﻢ‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﭘﯿﺎده‬‫ﺳﺎزی‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬.
‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺳﻮم‬-Core:‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮﻋﮭﺪه‬‫دارد‬.‫اﮔﺮ‬‫در‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺷﮑﺴﺖ‬‫اﺗﻔﺎق‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺘﺪ‬‫ھﻤﮫ‬‫ﯾﻮزرھﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﺎﺛﺮ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬‫و‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬Down‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬.‫ﮐﺎﻧﻔﯿﮓ‬‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬
‫ھﺎی‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﮫ‬‫ای‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬‫و‬‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬‫را‬‫ﺑﺮای‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬
‫ارﻣﻐﺎن‬‫ﺑﯿﺎورد‬.‫ﭼﺮا‬‫ﮐﮫ‬‫ﺗﻨﮭﺎ‬‫ھﺪف‬‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬‫ھﺎی‬‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬،‫روﺗﯿﻨﮓ‬‫و‬‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭽﯿﻨﮓ‬
‫اطﻼﻋﺎت‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫وﺟﮫ‬‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬.
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١٣

15. ١.‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫روی‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﮐﺎری‬ ‫ﮐﺎھﺶ‬).‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫روﺗﺮھﺎو‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﮫ‬ ‫از‬
‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دوری‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺎدی‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬.
٢.‫درک‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژی‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺘﺮ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬
٣.‫ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺖ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺖ‬ ،.
٤.‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﺑﺰرگ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬.
‫ﮐﻧﯾم؟‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺷﺑﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﻻﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﮫ‬ ‫طراﺣﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭼرا‬
١.‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫روی‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﮐﺎری‬ ‫ﮐﺎھﺶ‬).‫ﺳﻮﺋﯿﭻ‬ ‫روﺗﺮھﺎو‬ ‫اﯾﻨﮑﮫ‬ ‫از‬
‫ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫دوری‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺎدی‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎر‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫دﯾﻮاﯾﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬.
٢.‫درک‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژی‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺘﺮ‬‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬
٣.‫ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﮭﻮﻟﺖ‬‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﯾﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺖ‬ ،.
٤.‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﺑﺰرگ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺴﮭﯿﻞ‬.
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١۴

16. ‫ﻧﺤﻮه‬ip‫روﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻓﯿﺴﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﯽ‬
 Router>enable
 Router#configure terminal
 Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 Router(config-if)#no shutdown
 Router>enable
 Router#configure terminal
 Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 Router(config-if)#no shutdown
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١۵

17. ‫روﺗرھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﯾرﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫روش‬
‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫روش‬٣‫روش‬
1. Default Route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
2. Static Route
Router-1(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 f0/1
3.Dynamic Route
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬‫ھﺎی‬‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ‬‫دارد‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬RIP‫و‬IGRP‫و‬OSPF.BGP
‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫روﺗﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺮﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫روش‬٣‫روش‬
1. Default Route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
2. Static Route
Router-1(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 f0/1
3.Dynamic Route
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ‬‫ھﺎی‬‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ‬‫دارد‬‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬RIP‫و‬IGRP‫و‬OSPF.BGP
١٨/١۶

18. Router#show ip route
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١٧

19. show interfaces
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬١٨/١٨

20. Refrence:

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
certifications/certifications/associate/ccna-routing-
switching.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
certifications/overview.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
certifications/certifications/professional/ccnp-routing-
switching.html



https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
certifications/certifications/associate/ccna-routing-
switching.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
certifications/overview.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
certifications/certifications/professional/ccnp-routing-
switching.html



21. ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﺶ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬

22. ‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ھﺎی‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮑﮫ‬–‫رﺣﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎن‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬