This is classical conditioning

1. Conditioning
I. Learning
A. Any relatively permanent change in
behavior as a result of practice or
experience. Changes due to growth or
maturation are not learning.

2. B. How do we learn?

3. C. How do we stimulate learning?
1. Rewards (operant
conditioning)
2. Punishments
3. Classical conditioning

4. II. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
People (and animals) acquire certain
behaviors through classical
conditioning
Learning process in which associations are
made between an unconditioned stimulus
and a neutral stimulus.

5. STIMULI
Something that elicits a response.
NEUTRAL STIMULUS:
 Initially does not elicit a response.
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS):
elicits a predictable response w/o training.
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR):
 automatic or natural reaction to a stimulus w/o
training

6. STIMULI cont.
CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS):
 elicits a response due to being paired
with an UCS.
CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR):
 the learned reaction to a CS

8. Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov
 A. Pavlov’s Dogs Experiment
(US) Unconditioned Stimulus -
food
(UR) Unconditioned Response -
saliva
(NS) Neutral Stimulus -
bell
(CS) Conditioned Stimulus -
bell
(CR) Conditioned Response -
saliva to bell

11. EXAMPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Using electric wires to
keep cows in a field
UCS
- Electric shock
UCR
- Jump back
CS
- wire
CR
- Stay away

12. ELECTRIC CAN OPENER / CATS
UCS
- food
UCR
- Run into the kitchen
CS
- Can opener
CR
- Run into the kitchen
Dad C.C.

13. Classical Conditioning in the real (comics) world
Jim & Dwight

14. John B. Watson & Baby Albert
1. Little Albert
a. (US) -
loud noise
b. (UR) -
fear, crying
c. (NS/CS) -
white rat
d. (CR) -
fear, crying

16. Taking classical conditioning a step further
✏ GENERALIZATION:
Responding to a second stimulus similar to the original
CS
 DISCRIMINATION:
the ability to respond differently to different stimuli
✏ EXTINCTION:
When the CR gradually dies out after the CS is
repeatedly presented w/o the UCS
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY:
When the CR reappears after a rest period following
extinction.

17. What did Watson do after leaving academia?
He got involved with
advertising, using the
principles of classical
conditioning and
applying them to
getting consumers to
buy certain products.

18. Classical Conditioning and Phobias
 B. Applications
1. Generalizations
A. Phobias
2. Discrimination
 C. Behavior Modification
1. Immersion Therapy
2. Systematic Desensitization
a. anxiety hierarchy
b. biofeedback/relaxation

19. Acquisition Curve

20. Cognitive Processes
Early behaviorists believed that learned
behaviors of various organisms could be
reduced to mindless mechanisms. (cognition in
rats and dogs does not play a role)
Rescorla and Wagner (1972) disagreed
Experimented with rats using tone, light
(sometimes), and electric shock
Rats feared the tone, but not the light, even
though the light was always followed by a shock.

21. Cognitive Processes, cont.
Treating alcoholics with
classical conditioning
Lace alcohol with nausea
inducing drugs
Patient knows to blame
the nausea on the drug,
not the alcohol
Similar treatment has had
limited success

22. Biological Predispositions
Early researchers believed that the laws of learning
were basically the same in all species. (any natural
response could be conditioned to any neutral stimulus)
Each species has predispositions that prepare it to
learn the associations that enhance its survival.
Rats develop taste aversions to poisoned bait
Birds (that hunt by sight) develop aversions to the sight of
tainted food
Humans develop taste aversions to novel foods after
getting sick. (not the restaurant, plates, people, or music)

23. Think, Write, Pair, & Share
Three big ideas (at least one
visual)
Two connections (to me or
prior learning)
One question (or thing I am
confused about)