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حيود الضوء
1.
Systems & Biomedical
Engineering Department Physical optics ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﻀﻮء ﺣﯿﻮد Presented for : ph Mohammed Hesham Presented by : Abdelrhman Aboubakr Section : 1 Bench Number: 42
2.
اﻷﻗﺮاص : اﻟﻀﻮء
()اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻟﺤﯿﻮد اﻟﻤﻌﻬﻮدة اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ (CD & DVD) ﺣﺰازات ﺑﻬﺎ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﯿﺚ ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ اﻟﻀﻮء ﺳﻘﻮط وﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ داﺋﺮﯾﺔ ()ﻣﺴﺎرات وذﻟﻚ . اﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮف ﻗﺰح ﻗﻮس ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻲ إﻟﯿﻨﺎ اﻟﻀﻮء ﯾﻨﻌﻜﺲ أن ﺣﯿﺚ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﺣﯿﻮد ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﯾﺤﺪث . اﻟﻀﻮﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﺰازات ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ذو ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ﻫﺬه اﺳﺘﻐﻼل ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻧﺤﺮاف أﯾﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺑﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﺮص ﻟﺤﺰازات ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻛﺮوت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ اﻟﺬواﻛﺮ . ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ()ﺣﯿﻮد أﯾﻀﺎ ﯾﺤﺪث اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﻮد . ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن اﺻﺘﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﺮف ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﻐﻼف ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺗﺤﺪث أن ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻣﺼﺪر ﺣﻮل اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺬرات أو ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺿﻮء ﻣﺼﺪر ﺣﻮل ﺿﻮﺋﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎت ﺗﻠﻚ ﻟﻨﺎ .وﺗﺒﺪو اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﯾﺤﺪث أن ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮد ﯾﻤﻜﻦ .اﻟﻀﺒﺎب أو اﻟﺨﻔﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ وﺟﻮد ﺣﯿﻮد ﻟﻬﺎ ﯾﺤﺪث اﻟﺒﺤﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ، اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻷﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ،اﻷﺧﺮى واﻟﻌﻮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ ﺣﻮل ()اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺳﺒﺐ وﻫﺬا ، اﻷﺷﯿﺎء ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﯿﻮد ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﻤﺎع اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺘﻨﺎ
3.
اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ
ًأﯾﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻮد . ﻧﺎﺻﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮا ﺻﻮر ﻧﻘﺎء ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺣﺪودا ﯾﻀﻊ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب أو .واﻟﺘﻠﯿﺴﻜﻮب - اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ اﻷﻗﺮاص (CD & DVD) ﻣﺴﺎرات ﺑﻬﺎ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺠﺮاف ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﻛﺤﺎﺟﺰ ﺗﺘﺼﺮف ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ داﺋﺮﯾﺔ ، اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ اﻷﻗﺮاص ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺄﻟﻮف اﻟﻘﺰﺣﻲ اﻟﻘﻮس ﻟﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﯾﻤﺘﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ ﻟﻬﺬا ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ، ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻣﻮﺟﻲ ()ﺣﯿﻮد اﻧﺤﺮاف أﯾﺔ أﻧﺘﺎج ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﻲ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻫﻮ اﻷﺗﻤﺎن ﻛﺮوت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﺛﻼﺛﯿﺔ اﻟﺬواﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﻐﻼف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف ,ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻻﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺪث أن ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ذرات ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ . اﻟﻘﻤﺮ أو ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺿﻮء ﻣﺼﺪر ﺣﻮل ﻣﺮﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺎر ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ، اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻷﯾﺔ ﯾﺤﺪث أن ﻟﻠﺤﯿﻮد ، اﻷﺧﺮى واﻟﻌﻮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ ﺣﻮل اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻟﻬﺎ ﯾﺤﺪث ﺳﺒﺐ وﻫﺬا ، اﻷﺷﯿﺎء ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﯿﻮد ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﻮد ، ﺷﺠﺮة ﺧﻠﻒ ﻧﺤﻦ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﻤﺎع اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺘﻨﺎ ﯾﻀﻊ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ ًأﯾﻀﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ
4.
أو واﻟﺘﻠﯿﺴﻜﻮب اﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮا
ﻧﻘﺎء درﺟﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب
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