1. uławy Wi laneŻ ś
Natural Treasures of Europe
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DIVISION
Żuławy Wiślane are divide for three smaller areas:Żuławy Wiślane are divide for three smaller areas:
• Żuławy Gdańskie – located on the left side of Wisła, containingŻuławy Gdańskie – located on the left side of Wisła, containing
western part of flatlands of delta which is locate between edgewestern part of flatlands of delta which is locate between edge
of Lake District of Kaszuby and river Wisła.of Lake District of Kaszuby and river Wisła.
• Żuławy Malborskie – contain lands called Great Żuławy and SmallŻuławy Malborskie – contain lands called Great Żuławy and Small
Żuławy.Żuławy.
• Żuławy Elbąskie- contain lands located on eastern side of NogatŻuławy Elbąskie- contain lands located on eastern side of Nogat
and above Small Żuławy.and above Small Żuławy.
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ORIGIN OF NAME
In literature recalling Żuławy
Wiślane there are
divergences about origin
of name of this region.The
genesis of word Żuławy is
bonded with word „solov”-
island or polish noun „żuł”
which mean river residue.
Other sources passes that
this name come from
languange of Prussians and it
only became polonized.
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CAME INTO EXISTENCE
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BEGGINS OF SETTLEMENTS
The beginnings of settlement in Żuławy back period from about 2500 toThe beginnings of settlement in Żuławy back period from about 2500 to
1700 BC This is confirmed by archaeological findings.1700 BC This is confirmed by archaeological findings. ProbablyProbably
the deposits were found only an interim, and their emergence could bethe deposits were found only an interim, and their emergence could be
linked with the main activities of the human population, such as fishinglinked with the main activities of the human population, such as fishing
and trawling and processing of amber. Until the twelfthand trawling and processing of amber. Until the twelfth
century Żuławy area characterized by a very smallcentury Żuławy area characterized by a very small population, whichpopulation, which
resulted from the constant danger of flooding. Countryresulted from the constant danger of flooding. Country
of Estonians, then lying on the edge forming the delta, wasof Estonians, then lying on the edge forming the delta, was an importantan important
center of commerce and crafts, sustained extensive economic ties withcenter of commerce and crafts, sustained extensive economic ties with
Scandinavia, the Slavic tribes Scandinavia, the Slavic tribes of north germanof north german or west pomeraniaor west pomerania. In the. In the
thirteenth century began with an intense, Slavo-thirteenth century began with an intense, Slavo-
Prussian colonization, remains ofPrussian colonization, remains of which are extant to thiswhich are extant to this
day settlement and drainage systems, and many names of the towns. In theday settlement and drainage systems, and many names of the towns. In the
Middle Ages and later were the scene ofMiddle Ages and later were the scene of
intense Żuławy Dutch then German colonization.intense Żuławy Dutch then German colonization.
• AftAfterer the second partition of Polish territory included all of Prussia. Afterthe second partition of Polish territory included all of Prussia. After
World War II returned to Polish. These areas settled displaced fromWorld War II returned to Polish. These areas settled displaced from
Volhynia, Vilna, and settlers from the Kashubian and KociewieVolhynia, Vilna, and settlers from the Kashubian and Kociewie
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THE LIE OF THE LAND
Fertile alluvial soil and a complex system of drainage are the
foundation of a well-developed agriculture. Deforested area,
major cities are located on its outskirts (Gdańsk, Elblag, Tczew,
Malbork), in the center region is a
small New Manor Gdansk. Żuławy Wiślane is one of the
youngest Polish regions, created in the last several thousand
years. In Raczki Elbląskie is the lowest point of
depression Polish (1.8 m ppm). Depressed areas represent
about 28% of the total area of the delta. The largest area of
depression extends around Lake Druzno. Surfaces rising from
0 to 5 m above sea-level are most widespread (47% occupied),
while on the surface above 5 m accounts for 25%.
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FLORA
Natural flora are: riparian forest, riparian meadow on
areas temporary pouring by water, thick rushes and
lowland bog . Żuławy Wiślane there is abundance of
birds.
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WATERS
Characteristic element of landscape
is very thic water net – natural
and unnatural. Groundwaters are
behind very shallow and there are
very salty, while surface water
are very polluted . Surface water
on Żuławy Wiślane lost in most
cases their natural feature in
result of longterm interference
of human.
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ATRACTIONSATRACTIONS
Żuławy attract with their
extraordinary landscape
and with many points under
the sea level. Seesigthing may
be enrich by travelling by
narrow-gauge train- one of the
oldest in our country. There are
also many hydrotechnical
curiosity like:
• Lock „Gdańska Głowa”
• Aqueduct in Grabina
• Historic drawbriges of Żuławy.
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RAILWAY OF ZULAWY
On the railway, which
connects New Manor
Gdansk from the Vistula
Spit coastal towns, in addition
to beautiful views Żuławy
landscape and
forests and beaches of the
Vistula Spit, you can see
some interesting sights, such as a
Gothic church in Cyganku,
railway bridge over the
river Szkarpawie and Stutthof
Museum in Sztutowo.
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MUSEUM OF ZULAWY
The central place is
New Manor Żuławy Gdansk from
Zulawski and
Museum branch
in Cyganku. Gathered in the
interesting historical
and ethnographic collections, memor
abilia Menonitach, settlers who
came to these lands in the middle
of the sixteenth century addition
to photographs or objects of
everyday use,
great feeling doing lapidary
rescued and restored Mennonite
gravestones. Each of
the stele, the 2.5
meter high stone gravestones, a
work of art decorated
with symbols and inscriptions related
to the life and death.
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ARCADED HOUSES
The mostThe most
characteristic monuments are Żuławycharacteristic monuments are Żuławy
arcaarcadded houses. Frameed houses. Frame
structure erected, filledstructure erected, filled
with special bricks, called the Dutchwith special bricks, called the Dutch
style show ambitions and capabilitiesstyle show ambitions and capabilities
of the first settlers. Each ofof the first settlers. Each of
the houses were markedthe houses were marked gmerkiem,gmerkiem,
which is a sign of ownershipwhich is a sign of ownership consistingconsisting
of a combination of lines andof a combination of lines and
circles. The wealth of thecircles. The wealth of the
landlord testified the number oflandlord testified the number of
columns in the arcade, which iscolumns in the arcade, which is
supported by thesupported by the
exhibitor storey from the front onexhibitor storey from the front on
several wooden pillars.several wooden pillars.
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ROUTE OF MENNONITS
Is an axis of development of tourism in Żuławy. On the routeIs an axis of development of tourism in Żuławy. On the route
from Gdansk to Elblag combines sightseeing attractionsfrom Gdansk to Elblag combines sightseeing attractions
connected with the history of settlement in the delta of theconnected with the history of settlement in the delta of the
Vistula. Man-made, well balanced historic landscape andVistula. Man-made, well balanced historic landscape and
numerous ancient objects of material culture are the biggestnumerous ancient objects of material culture are the biggest
attractions of the trail. Worth knowing are well preserved,attractions of the trail. Worth knowing are well preserved,
often derived from medieval village żuławskich settlementoften derived from medieval village żuławskich settlement
systems, including a number of villages were establishedsystems, including a number of villages were established
around thearound the rectangular squarerectangular square which means nawsiawhich means nawsia. Very. Very
numerous are the gothic churches, or their ruins, the formernumerous are the gothic churches, or their ruins, the former
Mennonite cemeteries and other religious buildings.Mennonite cemeteries and other religious buildings.
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MENNONITS
The members of the Anabaptist religiousThe members of the Anabaptist religious
movement, came to Żuławymovement, came to Żuławy fromfrom NetherlandsNetherlands
at the beginning of the sixteenth century.at the beginning of the sixteenth century.
They behaved strict customs and rules ofThey behaved strict customs and rules of
life, did not recognize the military service,life, did not recognize the military service,
not to take office, do not swear ... Fleeingnot to take office, do not swear ... Fleeing
from persecution,from persecution, theythey found a new homefound a new home
here.here. TTheir skills in the drainage and disposalheir skills in the drainage and disposal
of the fertile and fertile, but swampy landof the fertile and fertile, but swampy land
had been ahad been appreciated. Hard work broughtppreciated. Hard work brought
great results: successive generations of evergreat results: successive generations of ever
greater wealth, andgreater wealth, and for Żuławyfor Żuławy extraordinaryextraordinary
economic development.economic development.
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LOCK GDANSKA GLOWA
The Sluice Gdansk’s HeadThe Sluice Gdansk’s Head was builtwas built onon
Szkarpawie in 1895 in the regulationSzkarpawie in 1895 in the regulation
of the mouth of the Vistula.of the mouth of the Vistula. It aIt allowsllows
navigationnavigation onon Szkarpawa and protectsSzkarpawa and protects
Żuławy against flooding. Renovated inŻuławy against flooding. Renovated in
the 90s, not open to visitors, canthe 90s, not open to visitors, can cancan
be watchedbe watched from the outside. In thefrom the outside. In the
past, Fortresspast, Fortress Gdansk HeadGdansk Head was anwas an
important defensiveimportant defensive outpost ofoutpost of
Gdansk at the fork of the VistulaGdansk at the fork of the Vistula
River into two arms: the GdanskRiver into two arms: the Gdansk
Vistula - Dead Vistula and ElblagVistula - Dead Vistula and Elblag’s’s --
Szkarpawa.Szkarpawa.
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BRIDGES
In Rybin converge theIn Rybin converge the
rivers Szkarpawa,rivers Szkarpawa, SaintSaint,,
Wisla Królewiecka andWisla Królewiecka and
Linawa, creating a waterLinawa, creating a water
knot. Onknot. On those rivers wasthose rivers was
built twobuilt two drawbridges and adrawbridges and a
railway bridge rotatedrailway bridge rotated onon
narrow-gauge line, andnarrow-gauge line, and inin
the Newthe New Gdansk Manor onGdansk Manor on
river Tuga there isriver Tuga there is
drawbridge, built beforedrawbridge, built before
World War II St.World War II St.
20. The End
The End
Natural Treasures of Europe
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the authors.
The Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.
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