This article has been condensed from the research paper read by Professor Devendra Ingale at the 63rd Indian History Congress meet held in Amritsar on 28-30 December 2002 and at the symposium on New Trends in indian Historiography, organised by Dept. of History and Ancient Indian Civilization of Ambedkar University, Aurangabad 19-21 February 2002. It seeks to review the Stark and Irreconcilable Differences between the positions of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and Vinayak D Savarkar on the questions of Caste, Nationalism, Hindu Society, and interpreting Ancient Indian History by comparing textual material from original sources. The bibliography is presented on page 5.