The document outlines the importance and process of newborn examination. Key points include examining the baby from head to toe to detect congenital anomalies and infections, identify normal variations to reassure parents, and influence policy by analyzing regional findings. The examination should be done systematically and involve observing the baby's appearance, activity and reflexes as well as examining specific areas like the head, chest, abdomen, limbs and skin. Important tests include the red reflex test to check for cataracts and femoral pulse examination to check for aorta issues.
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New born examination
1. What you have to look for…..
Lecture for medical undergraduates
2. Objectives
At the end of lecture, the student
• should understand the importance of new-
born examination.
• Should be aware of some normal conditions
that cause parental anxiety.
• Should be able to do a new born examination
systematically and detect congenital and
acquired abnormalities.
3. Why is it necessary ?
1. To detect congenital anomalies.
3- 5% of newborns
2. To detect some acquired abnormalities.
E.g: umbilical sepsis
3. Reassure parents when normal findings are
detected.
Eg: erythema toxicum
4. • 4. Identifies familial conditions
– DDH
• 5. Analysis of findings will identify the
problems specific to regions/ ethnic/
age groups
– This is particularly important in policy
making & preventive strategies
5. When would you do it ?
• As soon as possible after delivery
• Before discharge
• At 6/52
6. Important..
• Wash your hands first & dry them
• Examination of newborns
requires patience
gentleness
procedural flexibility
• If the baby is quiet auscultate the heart first
• Disturbing manipulations to be done last
7. New born examination is done from head to
toe.
Observe the baby
• General posture
• Colour
Pink
Acrocyanosis
Pallor
• Appearance of skin
Vernix
Lanugo hair
Nails
• Activity
Normal or diminished
Tremulous movements
8. Head
* Size and shape to be noted
1. Fontanelle
wide
bulging - tension
closed
2. Sutures
overriding
widely separated > 5 mm
3. Cephalhaematoma
bleeding under periosteum on the parietal bones
does not cross the midline
78. You CAN’T miss
1. Red reflex: Cataract
2. Femoral pulse: coarctation of aorta
3. DDH
• As missing any of the above in new borne examination does
much harm than missing anything else.
79. Summary
•New born examination is important in all babies to
exclude congenital abnormalities & acquired infections.
•All babies should be examined before discharge.
•Thorough examination should be done from head to toe.
•If abnormalities were detected, can take early actions to
correct them. Eg: DDH,CTEV
•Parents can be reassured if normal variations were
found. Eg: Erythema toxicum