Accounting, Lectures

1. Financial Accounting
1
Lecture – 37
Share capital
• Authorized Share Capital is the maximum capital, a
company may raise.
• It can be increased with the approval of SECP.

2. Financial Accounting
2
Lecture – 37
Share capital
• Shares can be issued against cash or assets such as land
etc.
• Share certificate is an evidence of ownership of number of
shares held by a member.

3. Financial Accounting
3
Lecture – 37
Share capital
• Shares sold at a price higher than their face value are
termed as Shares Issued at Premium.
• Shares sold on a price lesser than their face value are
termed as Shares Issued on Discount.

4. Financial Accounting
4
Lecture – 37
Certificate of incorporation
• Certificate of Incorporation is the evidence of registration
(incorporation) of the company.
• It is issued by the SECP.

5. Financial Accounting
5
Lecture – 37
Separate Legal Entity
• A company is a Separate Legal Entity.
• It can sue in its own name and be sued in its own name.
• It can purchase assets and contract liabilities in its name.

6. Financial Accounting
6
Lecture – 37
Dividend
• Profit distributed among the share holders is called
Dividend.
• Dividend is approved by share holders in annual general
meeting at the recommendation of the board of directors.
• Dividend is determined as a proportion of the face value of
the share. Example 10% dividend means Rs. 1 on a Rs. 10
share.

7. Financial Accounting
7
Lecture – 37
Subscribers / Sponsors of the Company
• Subscribers / Sponsors are the persons who sign articles
and memorandum of the company and contribute in the
initial share capital of the company

8. Financial Accounting
8
Lecture – 37
Issuance of Further Capital
• Where a company wants to issue further capital (called
raising of capital), shares are first offered to current
shareholders.
• If shareholders refuse to accept these shares then these are
offered to other people.

9. Financial Accounting
9
Lecture – 37
Issuance of further capital to current share holders
• Journal Entry:
 Shares issued against cash
Debit Cash / Bank Account
Credit Share Capital Account
 Shares issued against transfer of asset:
Debit Asset Account
Credit Share Capital Account
This is called issuance of asset in kind.

10. Financial Accounting
10
Lecture – 37
Right Issue
• The issuance of further capital to Present Shareholders is
called Right Issue.
• This issue is in proportion to current shares held by the
shareholders.
• The shareholders can accept or reject the offer.

11. Financial Accounting
11
Lecture – 37
Bonus Shares
• Bonus Shares are the shares issued to the shareholders in
place of dividend and no cash is received from them.
• Bonus shares are fully paid shares.
• It is another way of distribution of profit.

12. Financial Accounting
12
Lecture – 37
Financial Statements of Limited Companies
• In Pakistan Financial Statements of limited companies are
prepared in accordance with:
 International accounting standards adopted in Pakistan.
 Companies Ordinance 1984.
 In case of conflict the requirements of Companies
Ordinance would prevail over Accounting Standards.

13. Financial Accounting
13
Lecture – 37
Components of Financial Statements
• Balance Sheet
• Profit and Loss Account
• Cash Flow Statement
• Statement of Changes in Equity
• Notes to the Accounts
• Comparative figures of Previous Period

14. Financial Accounting
14
Lecture – 37
Equity
• EQUITY
• Total of capital, reserves and undistributed profit
OR
• Total of shareholders fund in the company.

15. Financial Accounting
15
Lecture – 37
Statement of Changes Equity
• Statement of changes in equity shows the movement in
shareholders’ equity.

16. Financial Accounting
16
Lecture – 37
Statement of Changes In Equity
Name of the Company
Statement of Changes in Equity for Year Ended June 30, 2002
Share
Capital
Share
Premium
Account
Reserves Profit &
Loss A/c
Total
Balance On Jun 30, 2000 X X X X X
Movements During the Year X X
Balance On Jun 30, 2001 X X X X X
Movements During the Year X X
Balance On June 30, 2002 X X X X X
Note: Use Double
underline.