4. The Cost of Software Bugs?
$59.9 B per year in USA (NIST, 2002)*
$312 B per year worldwide (Cambridge University, 2012)**
(*) http://www.nist.gov/director/planning/upload/report02-3.pdf
(**) http://www.roguewave.com/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?
entryid=1606&command=core_download&PortalId=0&TabId=607
8. The Cost of World Hunger?
$40B per year(*)
(*) According to United Nations
9.
10. The Cost of Fixing Bugs?
http://www.amazon.com/Assessments-Benchmarks-Addison-Wesley-Information-Technology/dp/
0201485427?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1209056706&sr=1-1
25. Techniques/Tools
x=100, y=1
Search based approach:
!
1. Start with random/initial
data (x=1, y=1)
2. Based on coverage
information - select new
value(s) (x==100)
x != 100
x>=z
x == 100
x<z
26. Techniques/Tools
x=100, y=1
Search based approach:
x != 100
!
1. Start with random/initial
data (x=1, y=1)
2. Based on coverage
information - select new
value(s) (x==100)
!
x>=z
x == 100
x<z
32. Techniques/Tools
x=X, y=Y, z=2*Y
Symbolic based approach:
!
x != 100
x == 100
1. Evaluate path conditions (PC)
PC: X!=100, Y
PC: X == 100, Y
on every branch
2. For each leaf - calculate X & Y
x>=z
x<z
using a constraints solver:
1. X!=100, Y
=> (x=1, y=1)
2. X=100, X>=2*Y =>(x=100, y=1)
3. X=100, X<2*Y =>(x=100, y=51)
PC: X == 100, PC: X == 100,
X>=2*Y
X<2*Y