While LTE (which some people call 4G mobile network) is on the way of getting deployed, discussions are ongoing towards 5G mobile communications. The talk states that "a new radio interface" is a potential challenge, but integration aspects of heterogeneous networks are far more important. These aspects include seamless authentication across networks and "the business of heterogeneous networks". One focus is on the future SIM as an enabling technology, addressing the seamless access. The second item is on business aspects - "is there a business?" in heterogeneous networks.

1. Center for Wireless
Innovation Norway
cwin.no
CWI
Norway
CTIF - CWI workshop, Aalborg, Oct 2009
5G communication – a user-centric
vision driving integration?
Josef Noll
Professor Senior Advisor
University of Oslo/UNIK Movation AS
josef@unik.no josef.noll@movation.no

2. Outline
 From 1G to B3G, the service aspect
 Drivers for higher bandwidth in 5G communications
– Seamless authentication
– 5G radio
 Future SIM
– Authentication centre
– who owns the SIM card
 Heterogeneous Radio
– Shannon - the bandwidth dilemma
– Cooperative business models
 “While waiting for the future SIM”
– Alternative Solutions
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 2

3. Service development on Mobile Phones
Personalised broadband
B3G:
wireless services
3G: Multimedia communication
2G: Mobile telephony, SMS, FAX,
Data
1G:
Mobile telephony
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Original: B3G study, Jan 2001
Josef Noll, Sep 2004 Enabling Communication 3

4. B3G - the service aspect
 Beyond 3G = Personalised Broadband Wireless Services
 Personalised
– Limited to CPA services
– “login/password” is a security threat and a hinder for
seamless personalisation
 Broadband
– partly satisfied for LTE (4G radio) and home WLAN (802.11n)
 Wireless - yes
 Services - the real drivers for 4G and 5G radio
– iPhone (AppStore), Android
– Widgets, Applets
 5G - more bandwidth?
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 4

5. Device Fragmentation source: Svein Therkelsen, mBricks, 2008
(handsets, operating system, security and network technologies)
notebooks, OS X, Android, login, OTP, 802.11, .16,
other form S60, Linux - EAP-SIM, - LTE++,
factors, TV, STB html7, applets AKA,.... frequency

6. 5G business entities
 Media,
Content
 Banks, Service providers
provider  Telecom, Corporate, Home
Service Payment
aggregator provider • Service aggregator
• Convenient interfaces
• Ease of use
Identity and
personalisation
provider • Identity and personalisation
Authentication
Customer provider
care
and Access • Convenience
provider
• Trust
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 6

7. 5G business - Content
content and services provider
 Novel applications will require higher bandwidth
 Higher bandwidth will foster new applications
 “There has always been something filling up
bandwidth”
 Examples:
– Movie download
– Sync operations
– Animated reality, virtual (real) world,
– Multiple simultaneous access
 “Willingness to pay is not related to bandwidth”
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 7

8. 5G access - business Authentication
considerations and Access
provider
 Access challenge: More
bandwidth with less revenue
Capacity increase
 The radio dilemma
related to 900 MHz capacity
7
relative Capacity increase
– frequency ↑, bandwidth ↑
– frequency ↑, range ↓ 5
– outdoor to indoor outdoor
2
outdoor to indoor
 The business dilemma 0
800 1800 1900 2400 3500 5200
– 5G access is expensive frequency [MHz]
(range)
– changing access means
loosing revenue
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 8

9. 5G aspects
 Bandwidth requirements come from other form factors
(notebook, portable 3D cinema)
 Assuming standardisation of application language
– convertable widgets
– web technologies (SAWSDL, html7) Seamless
login
 Seamless authentication
– “My driver license on the information road”
 “Indoor coverage can’t be satisfied through outdoor
base stations” what are the
drivers?
– cooperating networks
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 9

10. New visions through
Seamless login GlobalPlatform’s
Seamless
Reallogin 3.rd
Estate
for mobile SIM
Future /Estate 3.rd
GlobalPlatform’s
Real UICC Party sec. doma
Party sec. domains vision
vision  To comply with 3G networking requirements
(USIM)
– Security features (algorithms and protocols),
longer key lengths
– GSM uses EAP SIM: client authentication
– UMTS uses EAP AKA: Mutual authentication
– 5G interconnects based on EAP AKA(?)
 3rd party identities
Current Telenor On-board
– ISIM application (IMS)
WEB server !
SIM (UICC) card
(from 2001) Plus ETSI SCP – private user identity
3 new phys IFs:
Multi- – one or more public user
Thread
12 Mb/s USB identities Plus ETSI
– Long term secret 3 new phys
NFC (SWP)
SUN 12 Mb/s
2009? Source: Judith Rossebø, Telenor
(Java) 5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll NFC (SW
10

11. The secure element:
Seamless
SIM card login
Identity and
personalisation Service
Authentication
provider aggregator
and Access
provider
Send key and Send info to
• SIM is secure credentials recipient
element NFC
communication
unit
Send service to
• controlled environment phone
NFC2SIM
• over-the-air update
• open for applications
SIM
Smartcard interfaces
ISO/IEC 7816
• SIM will be owned
by user?
• managed by trusted
third party
Josef Noll, “Who owns the SIM?”, 5 June 2007

12. 5G radio - System benefits for Radio
access
approaching Shannon?
3G - HSDPA
4G - LTE
5G , really?
[source: WCDMA for UMTS, 3rd edition]
[source: Preben Mogensen, et al., 2007]
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 12

13. Service Network
Open Services Access Ubiquitous Services
Network Cyberworld
2G/GPRS
Packet and Packet switched Community Personal
Services
circuit switched only
Core Network
IP Backbone Programmable
UMTS R5 Networks
UMTS QoS Modular
Mobility
Protocols
Access Network
WLAN ++
Ubiquitous
IP Access New Cellular access
WLAN
PAN Ad Hoc
GERAN
MSS HAS
Radio
Technology
MIMO
UWB SW Radio
CDMA
WRC’03 OFDM WRC’06
TDMA
Terminal Multi-mode
Technology reconfigurability SW
Radio
Single- PAN…wearables, open
mode architecture(s)
2001Josef Noll
8.6.2005, 2005
4G and disruptive technologies 13
2008/2010
Source: Eurescom P1145

14. Drivers for collaborative access Radio
access
networks
 Heterogenous networks
– Different entities
– reduced revenue
– “Collaborative Business Model”
for seamless wireless access
 The user as the driver
– reduced costs
– reduced electromagnetic radiation
 Enabler
– National authorities
– EU commission
–
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 14

15. Ecosystem: for NFC
The collaborative business model
– Telenor and DnB NOR establishes
TSM Nordic AS in April 2008
Source : Mobey Forum Ltd. + Bent Bentsen, 2008
15

16. Conclusions
 1G -> 5G, a service
perspective
– 3D-video, animated
reality?
 5G systems, focus
– seamless mobility
– high bandwidth
– heterogeneous
 Cooperative business
models
– Future SIM (NFC)
– forced by minimum
radiation?
5G communications Oct 2009, Josef Noll 16