Background on Caetite deposit, Lago Real, Brazil

1. Caetité Uranium Production Facility Chaitanyamoy Ganguly IAEA UPSAT MISSION, 26 April 2009

2. Brazil – U Resources Source: INB Website, 2009 ~ 5% of world total 309, 370t 131, 870t 177, 500t 111, 300t 66, 200t TOTAL 61, 600t 61, 600t Others 142, 500t 59, 500t 83, 000t 41, 000t 42, 000t Itataia (CE) 100, 770t 6, 770t 94, 000t 69, 800t 24,200t Lagoa Real/Caetité (BA) 4, 500t 4, 000t 500t 500t Caldas (MG) < 80US$/kg U Sub-Total < 80US$/kg U < 40US$/kg U Deposit/Mine TOTAL Inferred Measured and Indicated Occurrence

3. Caetité Uranium Mine and Mill Heap Leaching Pads 2 X 35,000 t U Liquor tanks

5. Location mine and mill Leached ore encapsulated in Waste rock Open Pit Mine Mill

8. Waste-rock material generated Observed Predicted Average 2.7 times more that predicted; Av Waste rock/ore ratio – 8.1:1 Lack of accurate delineation of ore bodies and absence of precise mining plan

9. Average rock composition Source: INB (1999) 0.1±0.02 V 2 O 5 0.1±0.02 Nb 2 O 5 2.4±0.4 MgO 0.094±0.001 MnO 0.35±0.009 U 3 O 8 0.0056±0.0005 Cr 2 O 3 2.4±0.4 TiO 2 0.0056±0.06 SnO 2 5.4±0.8 Fe 2 O 3 0.011±0.002 ZnO 13.8±0.8 Al 2 O 3 0.04±0.01 ZrO 2 6.8±1.1 CaO 0.16±0.05 BaO 43.1±1.3 SiO 2 Concentration (%) Oxide Concentration (%) Oxide

15. Radiological characterization <0.5 10.0 ± 3.0 526 ± 176 2nd washing water (Bq l −1 ) 2.3 ± 0.6 16 ± 4.5 54840 ± 13162 1st washing water (Bq l −1 ) 6.0 ± 0.5 23.0 ± 4.0 157400 ± 30770 Leaching solution (Bq l −1 ) 75.00 ± 12 34520 ± 9512 7582 ± 3290 Leached ore (Bq kg −1 ) seco 83.0 ± 21.0 33280 ± 9549 53080 ± 11975 Ore (Bq kg −1 ) 228 Ra 226 Ra 238 U Material

16. Radionuclide concentrations in vegetables Bq kg−1(dry) 0.83 ± 0.62 0.45 ± 0.32 4.98 ± 0.76 0.38 ± 0.26 0.53 ± 0.18 Pasture 0.60 ± 0.46 0.73 ± 1.23 0.17 ± 0.062 0.45 ± 0.36 0.19 ± 0.19 Black beans 31.0 ± 22.0 0.028 ± 0.047 2.7 ± 1.9 5.7 ± 4.17 0.11 ± 0.07 Manioc 0.22 ± 0.16 0.051 ± 0.031 0.12 ± 0.049 0.13 ± 0.11 0.023 ± 0.017 Corn 228 Ra 232 Th 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Product

17. Calculated soil–plant transfer factors 1.01 × 10 −1 6.59 × 10 −3 1.16 × 10 −2 2.65 × 10 −2 1.82 × 10 −3 Average 1.02 × 10 −2 7.84 × 10 −3 2.88 × 10 −2 6.03 × 10 −3 2.68 × 10 −3 Pasture 7.36 × 10 −3 1.27 × 10 −2 9.80 × 10 −4 7.19 × 10 −3 2.75 × 10 −3 Black bean 3.84 × 10 −1 4.90 × 10 −3 1.57 × 10 −2 9.07 × 10 −2 1.54 × 10 −3 Manioc 2.75 × 10 −3 8.97 × 10 −4 7.06 × 10 −4 2.03 × 10 −3 3.36 × 10 −4 Corn 228 Ra 232 Th 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Product

18. Radionuclide concentrations in aerosols samples (Inside the uranium mining and milling area) 1.0 ± 0.12 0.1 ± 0.06 2.1 ± 1.2 2.1 ± 1.7 1.90 ± 0.9 (Bq kg −1 ) × 10 4 1.06 ± 0.16 43 ± 50 4.92 ± 4.0 94 ± 35 90 ± 52 94 ± 49 INST 008 (×10 −5 Bq m −3 ) 1.57 ± 0.97 1.08 ± 0.56 9.7 ± 3.0 4.4 ± 1.8 15 ± 7.4 (Bq kg −1 ) × 10 3 1.10 ± 0.23 7.40 ± 4.7 4.92 ± 2.0 44 ± 13 19 ± 9.8 68 ± 42 INST 001 (×10−5Bq m −3 ) Weight (g) 228 Ra 232 Th 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Sampling point

19. Radionuclide concentrations in aerosols samples (Outside the mining plant) (x10 5 Bq m -3 ) 0.62 22 0.63 0.28 0.48 3.67 AERO 042 (ESE) 5–10 km 3 27 6.56 3.28 3.65 8.1 AERO 013 (W) 0–5 km 1.08 27 2.61 5.49 0.75 11.7 AERO 010 (WNW) 0–5 km 1.86 27 1.47 1.11 1.23 3.04 AERO 008 (WSW) 0–5 km 1.03 22 0.94 0.45 0.68 3.53 AERO 001 (WSW) 10–15 km Particulate (g) 210 Pb 228 Ra 226 Ra 232 Th 238 U Sampling points

20. Radon concentration (Inside the uranium mining and milling area) IAEA – BSS Guidelines Dwellings – 200 – 600 Bq m -3 Workplaces – 1000 Bq m -3 Typical average concentrations in mining and processing of uranium ore: 500 – 700 Bq m -3 135 ± 71 Open pit, ore body 3 Rn 011 (n = 8) 116 ± 60 Open pit, ore body 1 Rn 010 (n = 8) 104 ± 82 250 m away from the leaching platform Rn 009 (n = 8) 118 ± 61 Ponds with sub-aerial drains Rn 008 (n = 8) 627 ± 238 Leached ore piles Rn 004 (n = 20) 102 ± 50 Waste-rock piles Rn 003 (n = 8) 90 ± 71 Milling plant Rn 001 (n = 8) Bq m −3 Description Sampling station

21. Radon concentration (Outside the uranium mining and milling area) 44 SE AERO 042 (n = 4) 73 WNW AERO 013 (n = 4) 77 WNW AERO 010 (n = 4) 57 WSW AERO 008 (n = 4) 109 W AERO 001 (n = 4) Bq m −3 Sector Sampling station

22. Activity concentrations in groundwater (Bq l −1 ) n = 210 n = 358 n = 210 0.009–0.98 0.001–3.79 <1.2 × 10 −4 −0.093 0.04 0.014 0.015 Results from Brazilian groundwater 0.1 0.75 0.15 ASUB211 (n = 3) 0.086 0.039 0.09 ASUB276 (n = 12) 0.13 0.064 12.3 ASUB279 (n = 12) 0.2 0.42 7.3 ASUB001 (n = 12) 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Well

23. Average radionuclide activity concentrations in mine pit waters (Bq l −1 ) 7.84 ± 0.40 0.23 ± 0.25 0.21 ± 0.25 0.22 ± 0.16 2.03 ± 1.29 57 ± 6.4 or 4.70 ppm Area body 03 (n = 22) 8.27 ± 0.66 0.05 ± 0.10 0.04 ± 0.08 0.05 ± 0.03 0.15 ± 0.16 4.95 ± 5.5 or 0.41 ppm Area body 01 (n = 16) pH 228 Ra 232 Th 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Sampling station

31. Thank you

32. Geological Setting - Lagoa Real U mineralisation - Metasomatic type

33. Site topography Waste rock Mine Mill

35. Radioecological characterization

36. Radionuclide activity concentrations in soil (TC - total concentration; RAC -readily available concentration; in Bq kg−1) 13 5 3 8 7 RAC 98 92.9 203 53.2 70.5 TC B10 11 4 4 5 4 RAC 62.5 84.8 154 41.1 41.9 TC B1 22 9 7 5 9 RAC 87.6 – 158 43.4 46.5 TC A2 23 10 3 18 28 RAC 99.4 – 156 143 180 TC A1 228 Ra 232 Th 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Sampling station

37. 284 ± 97.6 359 ± 85.6 135 ± 101 148 ± 103 184 ± 107 Pocos de Caldas 17 ± 5.0 8.0 ± 15 4.0 ± 1.0 8.0 ± 4.0 9.0 ± 8.0 RAC 80.8 ± 19.6 87.7 ± 10.8 173 ± 42.4 62.6 ± 32.6 68.7 ± 45.0 TC AVG 12 3 3 5 5 RAC 59.6 – 175 47 48.3 TC E2 14 3 3 6 4 RAC 82 – 149 48.3 41.6 TC E1 20 2 3 6 5 RAC 89.7 99 204 50 53 TC D 22 48 4 9 10 RAC 75.6 74 140 87 68.4 TC 228 Ra 232 Th 210 Pb 226 Ra 238 U Sampling station

38. Chemical characterization of underground waters 4.8 6.75 6.6 pH 0.36 – – Al 3+ 9.9 194 288 HCO 3 − 425 173 107 Cl − 0.37 1.77 2.13 F − 20 11 2.4 SO 4 0.05 0.03 0.04 PO 4 98 62 57 SiO 2 0.53 1.79 1.13 Fe 0.67 0.19 0.77 Mn 6.19 0.09 0.32 Ba 27 52 81 Ca 12.9 7.33 10.8 Mg 6.33 7.67 7.67 K 176 107 100 Na ASUB211 ASUB279 ASUB001 Chemical species (mg l −1 )