SHARP WASTE DISPOSAL IN PAKISTAN Introduction “Sharps“ ‒ instruments used to puncture, cut, or scrape body parts Hundreds of thousands of accidental needle sticks and sharps injuries occur annually. Improper management ‒ a health risk to the public and waste workers. Intro contd.. Syringes ‒ not always properly disposed off Generates ‒ considerable risk for injury, infection and opportunities for reuse. Disposed off syringes in special containers. Contd… Major risk factor in outbreaks of blood borne infectious diseases. Exposes millions of people to infections. 20 million for Hepatitis B 2 million for Hepatitis C 250, 000 case of HIV 1.3 million deaths Contd.. Widespread re-use of syringes and needles in the developing world is due to several factors: lack of awareness lack of supplies of syringes and needles absence of infrastructure for the safe collection and destruction of used injection Contd.. Pakistan is among the top countries in which blood borne infections are prevalent 93% injections given in Pakistan are unnecessary 75-94% injection equipment are reused Objective of the study To aware people about sharp waste disposal in Pakistan. Subjects & Methods Study type ‒ cross sectional. Sample size – 50 Place of study ‒ Jinnah University for women. Duration ‒ March 28, 2014 – April 18, 2014. Statistical analysis ‒ Microsoft Excel. Result Bar – Diagram Pie – Diagram Discussion P - value = 0.0000000000042189 The p-value with Chi-square shows that our findings are statistically significant. Majority of the students have knowledge of reuse of used or disposed off syringes. 66% knows major source of health care waste. Contd.. Conclusion Good Level of knowledge among students Large scale study Role of professional organizations and government Role of health care professionals Contd.. Proper knowledge of health professionals Lessen the prevalence of diseases like hepatitis and AIDS, among future generation. Proper knowledge must be provided by medical and nursing schools. Moreover, proper checking and monitoring is highly essential.

1. SHARP WASTE DISPOSAL IN
PAKISTAN

2. Introduction
 “Sharps“ instruments used ‒ to puncture, cut, or
scrape body parts
 Hundreds of thousands of accidental needle sticks
and sharps injuries occur annually.
 Improper management ‒ a health risk to the public
and waste workers.

3. Intro contd..
 Syringes ‒ not always properly disposed off
 Generates ‒ considerable risk for injury, infection
and opportunities for reuse.
 Disposed off syringes in special containers.

4. Contd…
 Major risk factor in outbreaks of blood borne
infectious diseases.
 Exposes millions of people to infections.
– 20 million for Hepatitis B
– 2 million for Hepatitis C
– 250, 000 case of HIV
– 1.3 million deaths

5. Contd..
 Widespread re-use of syringes and needles in the
developing world is due to several factors:
– lack of awareness
– lack of supplies of syringes and needles
– absence of infrastructure for the safe collection
and destruction of used injection

6. Contd..

7. Objective of the study
 To aware people about sharp waste disposal in
Pakistan.

8. Subjects & Methods
 Study type ‒ cross sectional.
 Sample size – 50
 Place of study ‒ Jinnah University for
women.
 Duration ‒ March 28, 2014 – April 18, 2014.
 Statistical analysis ‒ Microsoft Excel.

9. Result S/N Questions Answers Frequency
(count)
Percent
1 Have you ever heard about reusing syringes? a) Yes
b) No
Total N
39
11
50
78
22
100
2 Why it is necessary to dispose off syringes? a) To prevent spreading of
disease
b) Because it made of plastic
c) Don't know
Total N
50
005
0
100
00
100
3a. What do you think; reusing syringes is harmful to health? a) No, it has no effect
b) Yes, it's very harmful
c) I have no knowledge
Total N
04
8
25
0
0
96
4
100
3b. If yes, then it leads to which type of infection? a) Hepatitis A, B, C
b) Aids
c)Hepatitis B and C both
d) All
Total N
5383
4
50
10
6
16
68
100
4 Why are syringes re-used in the developing counties, even nowadays? a) Lack of awareness
b) Lack of supplies of syringes
c) Abscise of infrastructure for
safe collection
d) Don't know
Total N
44
3125
0
88
624
100
5 What contributes safe syringe dispose? a) Placed in safety box
b) Incineration
c) Disposed off in bin
d) Don't know
Total N
61
0
33
15
0
12
20
66
2
100
6 Can the syringe be used again after sterilization (complete elimination
or destruction of all living microorganisms)?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Don't know
Total N
53
9
65
0
10
78
12
100

10. S/N Questions Answers Frequency
(count)
Percent
7 In which type of people, re-use of syringes mostly done? a) Drug addicted people
b) Ill patients
c) Cleaners/Sweepers
d) Pregnant women
Total N
44
2405
0
88
480
100
8 If the needle of syringe is left open, what do you think would it be safe to
use?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Don't know
Total N
34
6
15
0
6
92
2
100
9 Should government take action against the reuse of syringes? a) Yes
b) No
c) Don't know
Total N
47
305
0
94
6
100
10 From where syringes are mostly disposed off? a) Hospitals
b) Clinics
c) Laboratories
d) Other places,
Total N
33
2785
0
66
4
14
16
100
11 If syringes are not correctly disposed in laboratory/hospital should this be
reported?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Don't know
Total N
44
425
0
88
84
100
12 What do you think; hospitals and laboratories workers dispose off syringes
properly?
a) Yes
b) No
c) In laboratories properly done
d) In hospitals properly done
Total N
92
5
12
45
0
18
50
24
8
100

11. Bar – Diagram

12. Pie – Diagram

13. Discussion
 P - value = 0.0000000000042189
 The p-value with Chi-square shows that our
findings are statistically significant.
 Majority of the students have knowledge of reuse
of used or disposed off syringes.
 66% knows major source of health care waste.

14. Contd..
 12% - people knows how to dispose off syringes
 88% - were of the view that reuses of syringes
is mostly done in drug addicts.
 68% - were aware of the blood borne infections
that results from improperly disposed off
syringes.
 The study reveals that majority of the students
are aware of reuse of syringes and outlook for
minimizing wrong health care activities.

15. Conclusion
 Good Level of knowledge among students
 Large scale study
 Role of professional organizations and government
 Role of health care professionals

16. Contd..
 Proper knowledge of health professionals
 Lessen the prevalence of diseases like hepatitis and AIDS,
among future generation.
 Proper knowledge must be provided by medical and
nursing schools.
 Moreover, proper checking and monitoring is highly
essential.

17. Jinnah university for women
Thank You
Presented by:
 Leila Muhammadi
 Iqra Altaf
 Faiza Perveen
 Ayesha Siddiqui
 Hina Jaffri