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USE OF FEMTOSECOND LASERS IN EYE SURGERY
- 2. Agenda Introduction Properties of FS Lasers Operation of FS Lasers 03 History of FS Lasers 04 FS Lasers VS Conventional Methods 05 Advantages & Disadvantages 06 02 01 01
- 3. Introduction Femtosecond (FS) laser is an infrared laser with a wavelength of 1053nm. It works by producing photodisruption or photoionization of the optically transparent tissue such as the cornea. FS laser has pulse duration in the femtosecond range (10-15 second). Reducing the pulse duration reduces the amount of collateral tissue damage.
- 4. Properties of Femtosecond lasers ● Passively mode-locked solid-state bulk lasers. ● Emit high-quality ultrashort pulses with typical durations between 30 fs and 30 ps. ● Various diode-pumped lasers, e.g. titanium:sapphire or ytterbium-doped crystal lasers are used. ● Typical average output powers is between 100 mW and 1 W ● The pulse repetition rate is in most cases between 50 MHz and 500 MHz used to create continuous cut planes inside the tissue.
- 5. Suction is applied on the pupil Cornea is flattened using a contact lens. FS laser treatment is administered Laser pulse generates free electrons Operation of FS Lasers Flap is lifted with a spatula for ablation LASIK flap is created Multiple pulses are applied next to each other Formation of microscopic gas bubbles tissue
- 8. History of FS Lasers LensXTM The first commercial fs laser designed for cataract surgery in 2009 IntraLaseTM The first commercially available, FDA approved fs-laser system for ophthalmology was launched in 2001 for LASIK VisuMax Recent lasers have a 500- kHz frequency, so the flap is cut in about 10 seconds with relatively low energy.
- 9. FS Lasers VS Conventional Methods FS Lasers Nd:YAG Scalpel Pulse duration 10-15 10-9 Cavitation bubble radii 45 μm 1500 μm Precision Collateral damage
- 11. Advantages Reduced incidence of flap complications like buttonholes, free caps, irregular cuts etc Greater surgeon choice as it provides control over flap diameter and thickness, side cut angle, hinge position and length Increased precision with improved flap safety and better thickness predictability Minimal thermal damage reducing the risk of collateral damage and promoting faster healing 01 02 03 04 05 Absence of moving parts
- 12. Disadvantages Increased cost Need to acquire a new skill on the part of the surgeon Increased difficulty in lifting the flap if retreatment is required Unique complications like Opaque Bubble Layer (OBL), Transient light sensitivity syndrome (TLSS), rainbow glare 01 02 03 04
- 13. Clinical Applications Astigmatic Keratotomy (AK) LASIK flap creation Presbyopia Correction Cataract surgery
- 14. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik Thank you
Editor's Notes
- FS lasers where brought in because the ablation of the corona was a difficult process. -
- These are femtosecond lasers used in surgery. Passive mode locking based on a saturable absorber inside the laser resonator inc directionality