1. SBF3033 - Animal Physiology
ONG SHWU CHYN D20091034817

2. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100627201251.htm

5. MENOPAUSE
 Women
 Ovulation and menstruation cease
 No longer fertile
 Normally occurs between ages 45-55
 Change of hormonal production and balancing
 Effects of gonadotrophic hormones (GH), follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
 Unbalancing between estrogen and progesterone
 Physical symptoms
 Mood changes
 Weight gain
 Hot flushes

7. PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF MENOPAUSE

8. FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES
HORMONES FUNCTION
Gonadotrophic Hormones (GH) Stimulate reproductive activity of
ovaries
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Ripening of graafian follicles that
produce ova
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Corpus luteum formation
Progesterone Prepared inner lining of uterus for
implantation
Estrogen Promote onset of secondary sexual
characteristics
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)/ Mullerian Control development of follicles in
Inhibitor Substance ovaries
Indicate ovarian reserve or function
Determine fertility

9. HOW TO PREDICT??
 Using blood test
 Women in aged 20-49
 Measured the concentration of anti-
mullerian hormone (AMH)
 Took two further blood samples at three
years interval
 Also collected socioeconomic
background, reproductive history
 Physical examination every three years

10. MENOPAUSE
Size of pool of
Age Fertility
growing follicle
AMH

11. INTERPRETATION OF ANTI-MULLERIAN
HORMONE (AMH) LEVEL
Interpretation AMH Blood Level
High > 3.0 ng/ml
Normal > 1.0 ng/ml
Low Normal Range 0.7-0.9 ng/ml
Low 0.3-0.6 ng/ml
Very Low < 0.3 ng/ml
 If a 20-year-old woman has concentration of serum
AMH of 2.8 ng.ml, menopause will estimate at about
35-38 years old.
 Early menopause
 < 4.1 ng/ml at 20, 3.3 ng/ml at 25, 2.4 ng/ml at 30
 Menopause after 50
 4.5ng/ml at 20, 3.8 ng/ml at 25, 2.9 ng/ml at 30

12. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE?
 Average difference between predicted age and
actual age to reach menopause is 1/3 of a year,
maximum error is abut 3-4 years
 Women will be able to discover early about the
expected age of menopause, they can plan when
they want to start a family

13. HOW THIS ARTICLE HELPS ME?
How it helps? My action
 I get to know about the  Get more related
way the predict information
menopause  Share the knowledge
 Know more about the with my family and
information which friends
related to my life  Predict when will be my
 Able to plan my future menopause
on when to start a  Get married earlier
family

14. LASTLY..