Pugs originated in China during the Han dynasty and were prized by Chinese emperors. They were brought to Europe by Dutch traders in the 1500s-1600s and became popular among European royalty. Pugs gained popularity in England during the Victorian era and were recognized as an official breed by kennel clubs in the late 1800s. While they faced a decline in the early 1900s, dedicated breeders kept the breed going and Pugs regained popularity in the 20th century. Today they remain a popular companion breed despite some common health issues like skin conditions and orthopedic problems due to their short nose and compact body.

1. History
Pugs originated in China, dating back to the Han dynasty (B.C. 206 to A.D. 200).
Some historians believe they are related to the Tibetan Mastiff. They were prized
by the Emperors of China and lived in luxurious accommodations, sometimes even
being guarded by soldiers.
Pugs are one of three types of short-nosed dogs that are known to have been bred
by the Chinese: the Lion dog, the Pekingese, and the Lo-sze, which was the ancient
Pug. Some think that the famous "Foo Dogs" of China are representations of the
ancient Pug. Evidence of Pug-like dogs has been found in ancient Tibet and Japan.
In the latter 1500s and early 1600s, China began trading with European countries.
Reportedly, the first Pugs brought to Europe came with the Dutch traders, who
named the breed Mopshond, a name still used today.
Pugs quickly became favorites of royal households throughout Europe, and even
played a role in the history of many of these families. In Holland, the Pug became
the official dog of the House of Orange after a Pug reportedly saved the life of
William, Prince of Orange, by giving him a warning that the Spaniards were
approaching in 1572. When William of Orange (later called William III) went to
England in 1688 with his wife, Mary II, to take the throne from James II, they
brought their Pugs with them.
It is known that black pugs existed in the 1700s because the famous artist, William
Hogarth, was a Pug enthusiast. He portrayed a black Pug and many others in his
famous paintings. In 1785, Goya also portrayed Pugs in his paintings.
As the Pug's popularity spread throughout Europe, it was often known by different
names in different countries. In France, it was called Carlin; in Spain Dogullo; in
Germany Mops; and in Italy, Caganlino.
Marie Antoinette had a Pug named Mops before she married Louis XVI at the age
of 15. Another famous Frenchwoman, Josephine Bonaparte, had a Pug named

2. Fortune. Before she married Napoleon Bonaparte, she was confined at Les Carmes
prison. Since her beloved Pug was the only "visitor" she was allowed, she would
conceal messages in his collar to take to her family.
In the early 1800s, Pugs were standardized as a breed with two lines becoming
dominant in England. One line was called the Morrison line and, reportedly, was
founded upon the royal dogs of Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. The other line
was developed by Lord and Lady Willoughby d'Eresby, and was founded on dogs
imported from Russia or Hungary.
Pugs were first exhibited in England in 1861. The studbookbegan in 1871 with 66
Pugs in the first volume.
Meanwhile, in China, Pugs continued to be bred by the royal families. When the
British overran the Chinese Imperial Palace in 1860, they discovered several Pugs,
and brought some of the little dogs back to England with them.
Two Pugs named Lamb and Moss were brought to England. These two "pure"
Chinese lines were bred and produced Click. He was an outstanding dog and was
bred many times to dogs of boththe Willoughby and Morrison lines. Click is
credited with making Pugs a better breed overall and shaping the modern Pug as
we know it today.
Pugs became very popular during the Victorian era and were featured in many
paintings, postcards, and figurines of the period. Often, they were depicted wearing
wide, decorative collars or large bows around their short, thick necks.
Queen Victoria had many Pugs, and also bred them. The queen preferred apricot-
fawn Pugs, whereas another Pug fancier, Lady Brassey, made black Pugs
fashionable after she brought some back from China in 1886.
Pugs were introduced to the United States after the Civil War, and the breed was
recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1885. At first, Pugs were very
popular, but by the turn of the century, interest in the breed waned. A few
dedicated breeders kept breeding and, after some years, the breed regained
popularity. Founded in 1931, the Pug Dog Club of America was also recognized by
the AKC that year.
 Size
Pugs weigh between 14 and 18 pounds (male and female). Generally, they are 10
to 14 inches tall at the shoulder.

3. o ing or spaying all dogs that develop generalized demodectic mange because there
is a genetic link.
o Staph Infection: Staph bacteria is commonly found on skin, but some dogs will
develop pimples and infected hair follicles if their immune systems are stressed.
The lesions can look like hives where there is hair; on areas without hair, the
lesions can look like ringworm. You should contact your vet for appropriate
treatment.
o YeastInfection: If your Pug smells bad, is itchy and has blackened, thickened
skin, he may have a yeast infection. It commonly affects the armpits, feet, groin,
neck, and inside the ears. Your vet can prescribe medications to clear this up.
o Hemi-vertebrae: Short-nosed breeds, such as Pugs, Bulldogs and French
Bulldogs, can have misshaped vertebrae. Sometimes, only a few of the vertebrae
are affected and the dog is able to live a normal life. Others will stagger and
display an uncoordinated, weak gait between 4 and 6 months of age. Some dogs
get progressively worse and may even become paralyzed. The cause of the
condition is unknown. Surgery can help.
o Hip Dysplasia:This malady affects small breeds as well as large breeds, including
Pugs. Many factors, including genetics, environment and diet, are thought to
contribute to this deformity of the hip joint. Affected Pugs are usually able to lead
normal, healthy lives with properveterinary attention.
o Legg-Perthes Disease:This is another disease involving the hip joint. Many toy
breeds are prone to this condition. When your Pug has Legg-Perthes, the blood
supply to the head of the femur (the large rear leg bone) is decreased, and the head
of the femur that connects to the pelvis begins to disintegrate. Usually, the first
signs of Legg-Perthes, limping and atrophy of the leg muscle, occurwhen puppies
are 4 to 6 months old. The condition can be corrected with surgery to cut off the
diseased femur so that it isn't attached to the pelvis any longer. The scar tissue that
results from the surgery creates a false joint and the puppyis usually pain free.
o PatellarLuxation: The patella is the kneecap. Luxation means dislocation of an
anatomical part (as a bone at a joint). Patellar luxation is when the knee joint (often
of a hind leg) slides in and out of place, causing pain. This can be crippling, but
many dogs lead relatively normal lives with this condition.
o VaccinationSensitivity: There are reports of Pugs suffering from sensitivity to
routine vaccinations. Usually, symptoms include hives, facial swelling, soreness
and lethargy. A dog that is sensitive to vaccines can develop complications or die,
though this is rare. Watch your Pug carefully for a few hours after being vaccinated
and call the vet if you notice anything unusual.