1. The Constitution
The problem with the United States
government under the Articles of
Confederation was, in the words of
George Washington, “no money”.

2. A Need for a Stronger Central Government:
• Became obvious in 1786
when farmers in western
Massachusetts rose up in
protest over increased state
taxes
• Led by Daniel Shays, a group
of 1,200 farmers marched to
the arsenal at Springfield,
Massachusetts
• State officials mustered up
the militia and attacked the
group of farmers, killing four
• Shay’s Rebellion, as the
farmers’ protest came to be
called, caused panic and
dismay throughout the
nation
Shays' Rebellion, mobbing
"committees" disrupted 1780s cities
in Ma, Ct, Pa, SC[8]
Here, Paxtons
threaten Philadelphia earlier.

3. Creating a New Government:
• Most delegates at the Constitutional
Convention recognized the need to
strengthen the central government
• Within the first five days of the
meeting, the idea of fixing the Articles
of Confederation was thrown out
• The delegates created the
Constitution (1787) with three
branches of government (federalism)
or division of power, separation of
powers (checks and balances) and the
ability to change the Constitution
(amendments)
The Philadelphia Convention
George Washington will be
President of the Convention, then
President of the US

4. Preamble
• “ We the People of the United States, in Order to
form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the
common defense, promote the general Welfare,
and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves
and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America. ”
—United States Constitution, Preamble

5. Ratifying the Constitution:
• The Constitution had been created, but
the new government could not become
a reality until at least nine states
ratified, or approved
• Thus the battle over ratification began
• Federalists were supporters of the
Constitution and the balance of power
between the states and the national
government
• Antifederalists were against, or opposed
having such a strong central
government and wanted a Bill of Rights

6. Adoption of a Bill of Rights:
• The states had ratified
ten amendments to
the Constitution,
which became known
as the Bill of Rights
• The first eight
amendments spell out
the personal liberties
the states had
requested.
Madison's "Notes for speech on
Constitutional amendments, June
8, 1789, in which he underlined
the concept of "natural rights
retained"

7. Bill of Rights
– Guarantees citizens’ rights to freedom of religion,
speech, the press, and political activity
– The Second and Third Amendments prohibit the
government from denying its citizens the right to bear
arms as members of a militia, nor can the government
house troops in private homes in peacetime
– The Fourth Amendment prevents the search of
citizens’ homes without proper warrants
– The Fifth through Eighth Amendments guarantee fair
treatment for individuals accused of crimes
• The Ninth and Tenth Amendments impose
general limits on the power of the federal
government