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1. An Important Contribution towards
Operational Safety in Power Stations
MOLYKOTEP 37 Thread Paste Sets New Standards
Witha view towards the greatest -
stubs drilled out of the blind hole this high temperature lubricants used for
possible operational safety.particularly work can take up a lot of precious time. such applications should contain no
high standards have to be met by the elements, which can be activated at the
materials used in power stations. These Even greater problems can arise through reactor operation.
also include lubricants,particularly those bolt fractures, for these can lead to leaks
for bolted connections. at the connected components; these are Bolt rupture as a
notifiable accidents in nuclear power result of threads.
Bolted connections are in some cases
exposed to extreme temperatures, Damage on the
which can reach up to 330°C in plants surface of a bolt
operated using nuclear power and up to as a result of
950°C in gas turbines. Such bolts must penetration by
therefore be made of heat-resisting and metals which
high-temperature steels, for example cause brittleness.
nickel-based alloys,in order to guarantee
adequate strength even at such high For these reasons graphite lubricants
operating temperatures. The surfaces of have been used in the past mainly on
these steels, as a rule, only develope a stations. Such fractures may be caused screws exposed to water or vapour.
very thin oxide film. As a result, cold not only by metal fatigue but also by the However, due to the lubricating
bonding tends to occur when the bolts thread lubricant. If,for example, a properties typical for graphite problems
are tightened or loosened, and so they lubricant containing low melting point occured after extended exposure to
metals like lead,tin or zinc, is used the high temperatures. Sometimes bolts
Cold bonding as molten metal can defuse into the grain could not be loosened and so had to be
a result of the boundaries of the fastener alloy drilled out.
absence of a eventually leading to stress fracture. The
special thread suspicion excists that even traces of In 1992 MOLYKOTE SIEMENS
and
lubricant sulphur can cause corrosion on bolts in agreed to a joint development
presence of water or vapour. Halogens, programme to produce and approve a
such as chloride or fluoride, can also high temperature thread lubricant for
leadto corrosion of the bolt which may power stations which would overcome
cause fracture. existing problems. Product development
would be in the hands of MOLYKOTE
If bonding has For the reasons stated above SIEMENS, while SIEMENS took over the
occurred, then a the power station construction responsibility for practical testing. The
bolt connection company,stipulates that high followingwere the bolt materials
Can usually only temperature bolt lubricants for use in selected for testing as these alloys were
be loosened power stations must not contain lead, tin considered to be the most widely used
using or zinc in their formulation. Any in the industry.
considerable unavoidable contamination by these
force. materials must not exceed 500 mg per Nr. 1.7709 (21 CrMo NiV 57)
kilogram of lubricant. Nr. 1.4913 (X19CrMo V Nb N III)
Nr. 1.4986 (X8 Cr Ni Mo B Nb 1616)
In the past nickel based pastes were Nr. 1.4952 (Ni Cr 20 Ti AI - Nimonic)
must be protected with the help of a
special lubricant to separate the sometimes used in bolted connections
The breakaway torques were measured
surfaces. The coefficient of friction exposed to high temperatures. Because after high temperature exposure at 300,
=
should be approx. 1.1 0.12 to 0.14. in of the carcinogenic effects of nickel 600 and 850°C. Finally, ithin the
w
order to permit the required uniform powder, SIEMENShas removed these framework of a complete quantitative
tightness of the bolted connections. This pastes from their list of approved analysis,the percentage purity of the
is particularly important with flanged products. paste was determined.
connections in order to avoid leaks.
In nuclear power stations bolted After completion of the very thorough
Bolted connections have to be connections are in some cases exposed practical tests MOLYKOTE 37 high
P
to radiation and as a result specific temperature thread paste, which had
dismantled during regular power station
ingredients in the lubricant, for example been developed by this joint project, was
inspections. This, however,is often not approved by SIEMENS all types of
for
possible if an unsuitable lubricant has antimony,can themselves be
power stations, in accordance with their
been used during assembly. The bolts, or transformed into radioactive isotopes TLV9600 02/02, for the lubrication of
studs, then have to be sawn off and the and begin to radiate. For this reason bolted connections in a dry atmosphere.

2. At about the same time SIEMENS
discovered in the course.of extensive
autoclave tests that MOLYKOTE P 37
was also suitable for threads which
come into contact with water or steam.
Practical tests on this new finding are
already in progress.
The new thread lubricant meets fullythe
requirements of power station
manufacturers and operators. Its
specification does not include any
metals, or sulphur,fluoride or chloride.
Any contamination from raw materials is
far below laid down limits. This high
degree of purity is achieved with the
help of a special production plant which
is solely used for this one lubricant. As
an additional safeguard, each production
batch is inspected and tested for purity
not only on our own premises but also
by an independent institute. A purity
certificate is enclosed with each delivery.
Despite the importance attached to
purity,each batch is also checked for
mechanical performance as a thread
lubricant on a special bolt testing
machine before release.
The packaging
of the thread
paste in tins
with brushes
helps to avoid
contamination
which could
occur through
brushes that
have been used
elsewhere.
To sum up, it can be said that the new
MOLYKOTE 37 thread paste makes an
P
important contribution to operational
safety in power stations. Due to its
ingredients which are non-reactive with
bolt alloys,together with its purity and
carefullyadjusted coefficient of friction,
it protects against seizure of bolts and
allows connections to be dismantled
easily,even after long periods at high
temperature.
Technical advantages of
MOLYKOTEP 37
. Good lubrication properties in
bolted connections
. Solid lubricants stable up to
temperatures of 1400°C
. Contains no metals whatsoever
. Lessthan 200ppm of sulphur,
chloride and fluoride
. Coefficient of friction within the
range of oiled bolts
. Puritycertificate nclosed
e