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Hur kan färdvägsmiljön bidra till aktiv transport 
         och därmed till bättre hälsa?
         Föreläsning vid Transportforum den 11 januari, 2012




                         Peter Schantz
                          dr med sc, professor
research project

 physically active
  commuting in
Greater Stockholm


www.gih.se/pacs
individen
    yttre                     fysisk
  faktorer                   aktivitet
                   inre
                 faktorer


färdvägsmiljön               gång
                             cykling

                             transport
WHO:s definition av hälsa 1948:


”Hälsa är ett tillstånd av fullständigt fysiskt, 
psykiskt och socialt välbefinnande och ej 
endast frånvaron av sjukdom eller skröplighet”
Tre aspekter av fysisk aktivitet och färdvägsmiljöer 
med koppling till hälsa: 


• Sjukdomar
• Förtida mortalitet
• Välbefinnande
välbefinnande
        fysiskt – mentalt – socialt

                   högt




                                      förekomst av
                                       sjukdomar/ 
                                         grad av 
ingen                                   sjuklighet

                                        många/
                                         hög




                   lågt
miljöbetingelser som 
    bidrar till ett 
   välbefinnande




                        nivå av 
                        fysisk 
                        aktivitet




miljöbetingelser som 
    motverkar ett 
   välbefinnande
Färdvägsmiljön kan påverka:

• Beslutet att cykla
• Avståndet
• Frekvensen av cykelturer
• Upprätthållande av ett beteende som cyklist
• Välbefinnandet under det att man cyklar




Ref:  Wahlgren & Schantz 2011. Bikeability and methodological issues 
using the active commuting route environment scale (ACRES) in a 
metropolitan setting. BMC Medical Research Methodology 11:6
startpunkt                                              målpunkt




             • Är färdvägsmiljön säker?
             • Känner jag mig trygg i färdvägsmiljön?
             • Är färdvägsmiljön stimulerande?
stimulans




otrygghet               trygghet




            hämning
utfallsvariabler  – färdvägsmiljön 
som helhet för aktiva transporter:
• otrygg – trygg
• hämmande – stimulerande 




               potentiella prediktorer: 
               • variabler inom trafik, fysisk och social miljö
utfallsvariabler  – färdvägsmiljön 
som helhet för aktiva transporter:
• otrygg – trygg
• hämmande – stimulerande 




               potentiella prediktorer: 
               • variabler inom trafik, fysisk och social miljö
miljövariabler i färdvägsmiljöer



fysisk miljö                  trafikmiljö                 social miljö


• cykelbanor/-fält/-          • avgaser                   • konflikter
vägar för cyklister                                       mellan individen
                              • buller
separerade från bil-                                      och andra
trafik                        • flöde of                  nyttjare av
                              motoriserade fordon         färdvägen,
• grönska (natur,
parker, träd,                 • hastigheter av            inklusive
planteringar)                 motoriserade fordon         fotgängare

• skönhet (fulhet –           • hastigheter hos
skönhet)                      andra cyklister
• rödljus                     • trängsel av alla
                              sorters fordon i
• backighet
                              icke separerade
• färdvägens dragning         trafikmiljöer
                              • trängsel av
                              cyklister på
                              cykelbanor/cykelfält
utfallsvariabler  – färdvägsmiljön 
som helhet för aktiva transporter:
• otrygg – trygg
• hämmande – stimulerande 




               potentiella prediktorer: 
               • variabler inom trafik, fysisk och social miljö
Wahlgren, L. & Schantz, P. 2012. 


Exploring bikeability in a metropolitan setting: 
stimulating and hindering factors in commuting route environments. 


Accepted with minor revisions in BMC Public Health
utfallsvariabler  – färdvägsmiljön 
som helhet för aktiva transporter:
• otrygg – trygg
• hämmande – stimulerande 




               potentiella prediktorer: 
               • variabler inom trafik, fysisk och social miljö
stimulerar
mycket



upplevd
nivå av om
färdvägs-
miljön som
man cyklar i
som helhet
hämmar/
stimulerar
arbets-
pendlingen


hämmar
mycket

               mycket låga                                mycket höga

                    uppfattade nivåer av avgaser längs färdvägen
miljövariabler i färdvägsmiljöer




Positiva faktorer               Negativa faktorer




• grönska                       • avgaser


• skönhet                       • trängsel av alla
                                sorters fordon i
                                icke separerade
                                trafikmiljöer


                                • färdvägens
                                dragning
miljövariabler i färdvägsmiljöer




Positiva faktorer               Negativa faktorer




• grönska                       • avgaser
                                                    • otrygg – trygg

• skönhet                       • trängsel av alla
                                sorters fordon i
                                icke separerade
                                trafikmiljöer


                                • färdvägens
                                dragning
overall perceptions of 
 route environments
for bicycle commuting


stimulates
   a lot




 inhibits
   a lot
             very low                                 very high

                          perceptions of different 
                        route environment variables
2007                                  2008
       Birger Jarlsgatan, Stockholm
Mkt sannolikt val


Sannolikt val



Neutralt



Osannolikt val


Mkt osannolikt val




            Ref:  Winters M & Teschke K. 2010. Route preferences among adults in the near market 
            for bicycling: findings of the cycling in cities study. Am J Health Promot 25(1):40‐7.
Referenser


Wahlgren, L., Stigell, E. & Schantz, P. 2010. The active commuting route environment scale (ACRES): 
development and evaluation. Int J of Behav Nutr Phys Act 7:58 

Wahlgren, L. & Schantz, P. 2011. Bikeability and methodological issues using the active commuting route 
environment scale (ACRES) in a metropolitan setting. BMC Medical Research Methodology 11:6 

Wahlgren, L. & Schantz, P. 2012. Exploring bikeability in a metropolitan setting: stimulating and              
hindering factors in commuting route environments. Accepted with minor revisions by 
BMC Public Health. 

Winters M & Teschke K. 2010. Route preferences among adults in the near market for bicycling: findings
of the cycling in cities study. Am J Health Promot 25(1):40‐7.



www.gih.se/rhm
Tack för er uppmärksamhet




     www.gih.se/rhm


  peter.schantz@gih.se

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Session 32_2 Peter Schantz