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Weed Management Practices for Sports Fields
- 1. Weed Management Practices for Sports Fields Alec Kowalewski Turfgrass Specialist Oregon State University alec.kowalewski@oregonstate.edu
- 2. Weed Management Practices for Sports Fields • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) • Primary Cultural Practices • Mowing • Fertilization • Irrigation • Cultivation and inter-seeding • Management of… • False dandelion • White clover • Annual bluegrass
- 11. MOWING
- 12. Mowing • The one-third rule 4.5” Desired Mowing Height 4” 3” 3” 2” 1.5” 1” Mowing following 1/3 Rule 6”
- 13. Mowing • The one-third rule
- 14. Mowing • The one-third rule • Prevent scalping • Scalping… • • • • Causes a brown appearance Stops growth and development Depletes carbohydrates Makes turf susceptible to environmental stress
- 15. Mowing • The one-third rule • Prevent weed seed germination Sunlight Sunlight 4” 3”
- 16. Mowing • The one-third rule • Prevent weed seed germination Sunlight Sunlight 4” 2”
- 17. Mowing • Raise your mowing height • Adhere to the one-third rule • Improve rooting
- 18. Mowing • Raise your mowing height • Prevent weed seed germination Sunlight Sunlight 4” 2”
- 19. Mowing • Raise your mowing height • Raising the height from 1.5” to 3.0” • Improved turfgrass quality • Reduced weed populations • Crabgrass cover by up to 52% • Dandelion populations by up to 45% • White clover by up to 58% Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and fine fescue mixture
- 20. Mowing • Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density • Weed control • • • • Lambsquarter Ragweed Purslane Garlic mustard Ragweed Garlic mustard
- 21. Mowing • Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density • Weed control • • • • Lambsquarter Ragweed Purslane Garlic mustard 35 days
- 22. Mowing • Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density • Weed control • • • • Lambsquarter Ragweed Purslane Garlic mustard 42 days
- 23. Mowing • Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density • Weed control • • • • Lambsquarter Ragweed Purslane Garlic mustard 49 days
- 24. Mowing • Weeds that indicate your mowing height is to low… • Annual bluegrass • Crabgrass • Dandelion Annual bluegrass Crabgrass
- 25. MOWING
- 26. FERTILIZATION
- 27. Fertilization • Select a fertilizer designed for turfgrass • Primary nutrient (N-P-K) • High N • Low P • 10:1
- 28. Fertilization • The holiday plan • 3-5 lbs N 1000 ft2 year • Memorial day • 1.0-1.5 lbs N 1000 ft2 • 4th of July • 0.5-1.0 lbs N 1000 ft2 • Labor day • 0.5-1.0 lbs N 1000 ft2 • Thanksgiving • 1.0-1.5 lbs 1000 ft2
- 29. Fertilization • The holiday plan • Cool-season turfgrass species • • • • Kentucky bluegrass Perennial ryegrass Fine fescue Tall fescue
- 30. Fertilization
- 31. Fertilization • Low fertility weeds include… • White clover • Plantain • Black medic White clover Black medic Plantain
- 32. FERTILIZATION
- 33. IRRIGATION
- 34. Irrigation • Adjust your rates with the seasons • Spring • 0.0-0.75 inch week • Summer • 0.75-1.5 inch week • Fall • 0.0-0.75 inch week
- 35. Irrigation • Check your rates • 20 minutes • 0.1 inch • 0.25 inch • 0.5 inch
- 36. Irrigation • Twice as much is not twice as good • Moss
- 37. Irrigation • Twice as much is not twice as good • Increased disease incidence Dollar spot Pythium blight Brown patch
- 38. Irrigation • Twice as much is not twice as good • Leaching pesticides and fertilizers • Waste of water and money
- 39. Irrigation • Weeds associated with drought conditions… • Summer annuals Crabgrass • Knotweed • Wood sorrel • Crabgrass Knotweed woodsorrel
- 40. Irrigation • Weeds associated with over irrigation… • Annual bluegrass • Rough bluegrass Rough bluegrass Annual bluegrass
- 41. IRRIGATION
- 43. Cultivation • What is your objective when cultivating the turfgrass?
- 44. Cultivation • Objectives • Relive compaction • Improves gas exchange and drainage • Remove organic matter • Decreases potential for disease • Improves drainage • Prepare for seeding • Ensures seed to soil contact
- 45. Cultivation
- 46. Cultivation
- 47. Cultivation • Annual weeds • • • • Annual bluegrass (winter annual) Crabgrass (summer annual) Purse lane (summer annual) Knotweed
- 48. Cultivation • Annual weeds • • • • Annual bluegrass (winter annual) Crabgrass (summer annual) Purse lane (summer annual) Summer annual germination Knotweed
- 49. Cultivation • Annual weeds • • • • Annual bluegrass (winter annual) Crabgrass (summer annual) Purse lane (summer annual) Knotweed
- 50. Cultivation Non-selective pre-emergent herbicide. Applied in the spring. No inter-seeding. • Annual weeds • Pre-emergent herbicides • Non-selective • Pendulum (a.i. pendimethalin) • $54/54,000 sq ft • Selective • Tupersan (a.i. siduron) • Tenacity (a.i. mesotrione) Knotweed – Summer annual • $98/54,000 sq ft • Inter-seeding • $1,440/54,000 sq ft • 600 lbs Fall – After 1st frost
- 51. Cultivation Non-selective pre-emergent herbicide. Applied in the spring. No inter-seeding. • Annual weeds • Pre-emergent herbicides • Non-selective • Pendulum (a.i. pendimethalin) • $54/54,000 sq ft • Selective • Tupersan (a.i. siduron) • Tenacity (a.i. mesotrione) Knotweed – Summer annual • $98/54,000 sq ft • Inter-seeding • $1,440/54,000 sq ft • 600 lbs Fall – After 1st frost
- 52. Inter-seeding • Perennial ryegrass • Growth habit • Bunch type • Germination • 7 to 10 days • Inter-seeding rate • 8 to 11 lbs/1,000 sq ft
- 54. WEED MANAGEMENT
- 55. Weed Management • Common turf weeds… • 1. false dandelion • 2. white clover • 5. annual bluegrass False dandelion White clover Annual bluegrass
- 56. FALSE DANDELION
- 57. False dandelion • Scouting and ID • Perennial weed • Spring seeding • Drought tolerant
- 58. False dandelion • Post emergence herbicides (curative) • 3-way broadleaf herbicide • 2,4-D • MCPP • Dicamba Common dandelion False dandelion Broadleaf plantain Sow thistle
- 59. False dandelion • Apply in the fall (October 4 = 10/4 Good Buddy)
- 60. False dandelion • Apply in the fall (October 4 = 10/4 Good Buddy)
- 61. False dandelion • Follow up applications… • Apply and then apply again 2-4 weeks later
- 62. Effects of Defendor and Dimension on catsear dandelion in perennial ryegrass, observed 8 weeks after Spring treatment in Corvallis. OR on July 2, 2013. Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % Weed Control Treatments* 8 WAT Dimension 2 EW 0.0 Dimension 2 EW + 4Wks 0.0 Defendor 93.9 Defendor + 4 wks 100.0 Dimension 2 EW + Defendor 93.3 Rotation (See Below)** 100.0 Trimec Classic + Dimension 2 EW + 4 Wks 100.0 Trimec Classic 92.5 Untreated 0.0 LSD 4.6 • **Trt 6. Rotation: • 1st app Dimension 2 EW + Defendor (1.0 + 0.25 pt/A) • 2nd app Dimension 2 EW + Trimec Classic (1.0 + 4.0 pt/A)
- 63. Effects of Defendor and Dimension on catsear dandelion in perennial ryegrass, observed 8 weeks after Spring treatment in Corvallis. OR on July 2, 2013. Trt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % Weed Control Treatments* 8 WAT Dimension 2 EW 0.0 Dimension 2 EW + 4Wks 0.0 Defendor 93.9 Defendor + 4 wks 100.0 Dimension 2 EW + Defendor 93.3 Rotation (See Below)** 100.0 Trimec Classic + Dimension 2 EW + 4 Wks 100.0 Trimec Classic 92.5 Untreated 0.0 LSD 4.6 • **Trt 6. Rotation: • 1st app Dimension 2 EW + Defendor (1.0 + 0.25 pt/A) • 2nd app Dimension 2 EW + Trimec Classic (1.0 + 4.0 pt/A)
- 64. FALSE DANDELION
- 65. WHITE CLOVER
- 66. White clover • • • • Perennial weed Nitrogen deficient soil White flower Circular leaves
- 67. White clover • Post emergence herbicides (curative) • Triclopyr • Fluroxypyr • 2,4-D + triclopyr White clover Chickweed English daisy Wild violet
- 68. False dandelion • Apply in the fall (October 4 = 10/4 Good Buddy) • Apply and then apply again 2-4 weeks later
- 69. WHITE CLOVER
- 70. ANNUAL BLUEGRASS
- 71. Spreading ryegrass trial • Initiated Summer 2010 • Lewis Brown Turf Farm, Corvallis, OR
- 72. Spreading ryegrass trial • Seeding date: June 15, 2010 • Seeding rate: 6 lbs/1,000 ft2 • Fertility rate: 4 lbs N/1,000 ft2
- 73. Spreading ryegrass trial • Mowing height • 0.625” • 1.25” • 2.0”
- 74. Annual bluegrass encroachment ‘Natural Knit’ ‘SR 4600’ 0.625” ‘RPR’ ‘Fiesta 4’
- 75. Lorenz Soccer Field, Corvallis, OR ‘SR4600’ maintained at 0.625”. Seeded 2011.
- 76. Lorenz Soccer Field, Corvallis, OR ‘SR4600’ maintained at 0.625”. Seeded 2011.
- 77. Some preemergence herbicides effective on annual bluegrass include… Common name active ingredient Pendulum pendimethalin Prograss ethofumesate Balan benefin Bensumec bensulide Dimension dithiopyr Quali-Pro Prodiamine prodiamine
- 78. Estimated costs of a Pre/Postemergence Chemical Control Program of Annual bluegrass on a 54,000 ft2 field. It is important to note that cost can vary considerably according to product and control is often variable. Product Pendulum Prograss Cost of Apps Total Product $54.00 2 $108.00 $297.00 3 $891.00 Grand Total $999.00
- 79. OSU Softball Complex, Corvallis, OR Mixed stand of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass, 10 years plus
- 80. OSU Softball Complex, Corvallis, OR Mixed stand of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass, 10 years plus
- 81. OSU Softball Complex, Corvallis, OR Mixed stand of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass, 10 years plus
- 82. Annual bluegrass encroachment Lorenz field Seeded 2011 OSU Softball Seeded 2000
- 83. Annual bluegrass encroachment Lorenz field Seeded 2011 OSU Softball Seeded 2000
- 84. Weed Management Practices for Sports Fields Alec Kowalewski Turfgrass Specialist Oregon State University alec.kowalewski@oregonstate.edu
Editor's Notes
- You should think of a turfgrass system as a stool
- This is why a golf course putting green is mowed as often as every day.
- …which will produce a number of detrimental effects, probably most noticeable a brown appearance
- …which will improve things like increased drought tolerance.
- …on un-irrigated cool-season turfgrass mixture(Kowalewski et al., 2007; Calhoun et al., 2005)
- Abu-Dieyeh and Watson, 2005
- Lambsquarter population decrease and the turfgrass density increase over time
- Look for a fertilizer with…
- Michigan State University (Calhoun et al., 2005); University of Georgia (Johnson and Bowyer, 1981)
- Other problems associated with over irrigation include…
- Which can accelerate eutrophication, as mentioned earlier
- Defendor™ specialty herbicide (common name florasulam) is a postemergence broadleaf herbicide effective in cool temperatures against key annual and perennial weeds in turf, such as white clover, dandelion, chickweed, shepherd’s-purse and common groundsel