Information technology infrastructures by- neo arya
1.
2.
3. What is I.T Infrastructures???
Information technology infrastructure is the integrated framework upon which
digital networks operate. This infrastructure includes data
centers, computers, computer networks, Database Management devices, and a
regulatory system.
In information technology, and on the Internet, infrastructure is the physical
hardware used to interconnect computers and users. Infrastructure includes the
transmission media, including telephone lines, cable television lines, and
satellites and antennas, and also the routers that transfer data between disparate
transmission technologies.
In some usages, infrastructure refers to interconnecting hardware and software
and not to computers and other devices that are interconnected. However, to some
information technology users, infrastructure is viewed as everything that
supports the flow and processing of information.
Infrastructure companies play a significant role in evolving the Internet. They
influence where the interconnections are placed, where data is made accessible, and
also how much information can be carried, and how quickly
4. Design Networks
Digital electronics, or digital (electronic) circuits, represent signals by discrete
bands of analog levels, rather than by a continuous range. All levels within a band
represent the same signal state. Relatively small changes to the analog signal levels
due to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or parasitic noise do not leave the
discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing circuitry.
In most cases the number of these states is two, and they are represented by two
voltage bands: one near a reference value (typically termed as "ground" or zero
volts) and a value near the supply voltage, corresponding to the "false" ("0") and
"true" ("1") values of the Boolean domain respectively.
Digital techniques are useful because it is easier to get an electronic device to switch
into one of a number of known states than to accurately reproduce a continuous
range of values.
Digital electronic circuits are usually made from large assemblies of logic
gates, simple electronic representations of Boolean logic functions.
6. Data Centers
A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated
components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally
includes redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications
connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression)
and security devices. Large data centers are industrial scale operations using as
much electricity as a small town and sometimes are a significant source of air
pollution in the form of diesel exhaust.
8. Computers
A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set
of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily
changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.
Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a
central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing
element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control
unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information.
Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and
the result of operations saved and retrieved.
The first electronic digital computers were developed between 1940 and 1945.
Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as
several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).[1] In this era mechanical
analog computers were used for military applications.
10. Computer Networks
• A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that
allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked
computing devices (network nodes) pass data to each other along data
connections. The connections (network links) between nodes are established
using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer
network is the Internet.
• Network devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called
network nodes.[1] Nodes can include hosts such as servers and personal
computers, as well as networking hardware. Two devices are said to be
networked when a device is able to exchange information with another device.
• Computer networks support applications such as access to the World Wide
Web, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax
machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications. Computer
networks differ in the physical media used to transmit their signals, the
communications protocols to organize network traffic, the network's
size, topology and organizational intent.
12. Database Management
• A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically
organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes
requiring this information. For example, modeling the availability of rooms
in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.
• Database management systems (DBMSs) are specially designed
applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database
itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose database management
system (DBMS) is a software system designed to allow the
definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Wellknown DBMSs include
MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL
Server,Oracle, SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM
DB2, LibreOffice Base and FileMaker Pro. A database is not
generally portable across different DBMS, but different DBMSs can
interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to
allow a single application to work with more than one database.
