Dr anupnath presentation

O;fDrRo fodkl dk vk/kkj
thou foKku
Prerna shrotre- preksha
pradyapak
Muni shree kishan lalji

SCHOOL HEALTH SCHEME,DHS,GOVT.OF NCT OF DELHI
DR ANUP NATH
M.B.B.S.,(UCMS),D.Ph.
(Delhi University),N.D.DY.(IFNHY),
DI.HOM,MD-HOM,FBIH(U.K.)MD (AM),MSc
(JVBU),YIC,PGDYT-D (SVYASA)

O;fDrRo fodkl dk vk/kkj% thou foKku
eqfu fd’kuyky----
O;Dr gksuk&izLrqr gksukA O;fDr gksus ds izdYi dks O;fDrRo dgrs
gSaA O;fDr esa xq.kksa ds mRd”kZ ls O;fDrRo curk gSaA O;fDrRo
dk izk:i euksfoKku ls izlwr gSa] fQj thou foKku esa mldh ifjdYiuk
D;ks euksfoKku esa O;fDrRo dh O;k[;k ‘kjhj vkSj eu rd ifjlhfer gS]
tcfd foKku esa ‘kjhj vkSj eu ds ijs HkkoukRed Lrj ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS
tks O;fDrRo dk ewy ?kVd gSA blls Hkh vkxs pSrU; dk ifj”dkj
O;fDrRo ds fodkl dk vk/kkj curk gSA euksfoKku esa O;fDrRo dh
fo”kn~ O;k[;k gS fdUrq O;fDrRo fodkl dh izk;ksfxd izfdz;kvksa dk
vH;klvkSj foospu thou foKku esa djk;k tkrk gSA

O;fDrRo dk fuekZ.k-
O;fDrRo dkfuekZ.kD;ksa
leL;kvksa ds lek/kkuds fy,
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lkFklek;kstu gsrq

thoufoKkuesa O;fDrRofodklds pkjvk;ke
‘kkjhfjdfodkl
ckSf)d fodkl
ekufldfodkl
HkkoukRedfodkl

O;fDrRo dh igpku
O;fDrRo fodkl dk igyk vk/kkj Hkk”kk gSa euq”; us Hkk”kk
dk fodkl djds Kku&foKku dks lqjf{kr fd;kA Hkk”kk ls
lkekftdrk dk fodkl gqvkA Hkk”kk ls euq”; vius fopkjksa dks
O;fDr djus yxkA O;fDr ds O;fDrRo dh nwljh igpku mldh
os’kHkw”kk gSa tks O;fDr dh viuh lw>&cw> gSA euq”; ds
vkgkj djus dh fof/k lkekU; izkf.k;ksa ls fHkUu gSA vkgkj
lHkh djrs gSa ysfdu euq”; vusd rjg ls O;atu cukdj vius vkgkj
dks Lokfn”V cukrk gSA euq”; ds jgus dk ?kj Hkh mldh
lw>&cw> dk ifjpk;d gSA euq”; dk Hkko ra= Hkh fodflr gksrk
jgrk gSA bl rjg euq”; ds fof’k”V O;fDrRo dh igpku mlds fuEu
y{k.kksalsgksrh gS&

cksyus] fy[kusvkSj i<+us ds <ax]
os’k&Hkw”kkds rkSj&rjhds]
Hkkstu dhfof/k;ka]
?kjdkLo:i
HkkoukvkSj eqnzk,a]
vuq’kkluvkSj fu;ferrkA

O;fDrRoesaifjorZuthou foKku ds iz;ksxksa ls Hkkoksa dk ifjorZu gks ldrk gSA O;fDrRo esa
cnyko vk ldrk gSaA thou foKku dk ladYi gS&LoLFk lekt lajpukA
lfg”.kqrk] fou;’khyrk] ljyrk vkSj {kerk ds Hkko fodflr gksrs gSa rks lekt
esa LoLFk O;fDrRo okys O;fDr;ksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSa LoLFk laarqfyr
O;fDr;ksa }kjk lapkfyr] ikfjokfjd] lkekftd vkSj jk”V™h; laLFkk,a Hkh
LoLFk ,oa larqfyr gksxhA ;g dke dsoy mins’k nsus ;k le>kus ls ugha
gksrkA blds fy, vUr%lzkoh xzafFk&ra= ds lzkoksa esa ifjorZu ykuk gksrk
gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr varj ds Hkkoksa dks ckgj rd gh le> ldrk gS tc os
izdV gksrs gSaA O;fDr tc viuh Lo;a dh] izo`fRr;ksa dks ns[krk gS vkSj
Lo;a gh bUgsa feVkus dks ladYi’kfDr curk gS] rHkh ;s izo`fRr;ka yxkkj
vH;kl ls NwVrh gSaaA O;fDrRo fodkl ds rRo o muds dkj.k&fuokj.k bl
izdkj gSA

dzks/k
dzks/k tfVy laosx gSA ckSf)d :i ls bls cqjk ekurs gq,
Hkh vkneh blds izHkko esa vk tkrk gSA blls
ikfjokfjd foxzg c<+rk gSA lkekftd vkSj O;fDrRo
fodklvo:)gks tkrk gSA

dzks/kds dkj.k
‘kkjhfjd% 1- fcuk pck, Hkkstudjuk2- Hkkstufdz;k
esa vle; gksuk3- lzk;fod nqcZyrk 4-‘okldh
rhozrk
Ekufld% 1- vkxzg;qDr fpUru 2-vlarqfyr fpUru
HkkoukRed% 1- vgadkj 2-vlarqfyr fparu ij vk/kkfjr
vkpj.k vkSj O;ogkjA

Dzks/k dhvoLFkk esa eq[kkd`fr esa ifjorZuvkrk
gSA vkWa[ksa yky gks tkrh gSvkSj nksuksagksaB
nc tkrs gSaA nksuksa vkWa[kksa dhHkkS,a rudjds
uhps >qd tkrhgSA ;s psgjs ds }kjk fn[kk, x, Hkkoksa
dh vfHkO;fDrgSA

dzks/k dsy{k.k
1- yky eq[kkd`fr
2-gzn; xfrdh rhozrk
3- ‘oklxfrdk vkSj Hkhrhoz gks tkukA

dzks/kds dkj.kksadk fuokj.k
la;ferHkkstu&rys gq,]pViVsvkSj mRrstdinkFkksZadkifjgkj
vkSj la;ferlqikP;Hkkstuiwjhrjgpck&pckdjdjukA
‘k’kkadklu¼le; 01ls 03feuV½
Hkk”kkla;edkvH;kl&ekSudkvH;kl] fdlhdksrRdky tokcu
nsdjfpUru&iwoZdfoosdiw.kZtokcnsukA
nh?kZ’oklizs{kkdkvH;kl&vkus&tkusokys ‘okldksns[kukA
‘okldh xfr]‘okldkLi’kZ]‘oklnk,a ukdlspy jgkgS;kck,a ls]
bldhfujarjizs{kkdjukAle;%izfrfnu 15 feuV

izs{kk/;ku -----
T;ksfr dsUnz ;k yykV ij/;ku&yykV ds e/; Hkkxijpedrs gq,
lQsn jaxdk /;ku djsaA /;ku ds lkFk Hkkoukdjsa fd dzks/k
‘kkargks jgk gSA vkosx vkSjvkos’k ‘kkar gksjgs gSaA le;% 3
ls 5 feuVA
dk;ksRlxZ&jkf=esalksusls igys ;ksx&funzk dk ladYi djsaA
‘kjhjdks f’kfFkydjds ‘kkafrdh Hkkoukds lkFkfunzk esa
tk;saA le; % 3 ls 5 feuVA
vuqizs{kk&[kspjheqnzk esa ¼ftg~ok dks myV dj rkyw ls
yxkuk½n’kZudsUnz ijfpRr dks ,dkxz djds efLr”d dks lq>ko
nsafd eSa gj ifjfLFkfr esa lgu’khyjgwaxkA¼le;% 5 feuV½

vgadkj
vgadkj dzks/k dk tUenkrk gSA ;g ,d ,slk Hkko
gS tks lekt esa fo”kerk vkSj foxzg QSykrk gSA
vius dks Åapk le>us dh xzafFk dsdkj.kvgadkj
iSnk gksrk gSA vgadkj ds dkj.k O;fDrRo dk
fodkl fo”kerk QSykus okyk gks tkrk gS rFkk
bllslekt:X.kcurkgSA

vgadkj dhvoLFkk
vgadkj dh voLFkk esa O;fDr vius lEeq[k lHkh
dks NksVk le>rk gSaA b;ksfQd Hkko dh
vfHkO;fDr djrk gS vkSj vgadkj dk izHkqRo
nwljksa ij u teus dh voLFkk esa og O;fDr ,d
vgadkjhO;fDr dzks/kdhvfHkO;fDr djrkgSA

vgadkjdknq”izHkko
vgadkj ds dkj.k dzks/k dh mRifRr gksus ls dzks/k tfur lHkh
nq”izHkko‘kjhj ijiM+rs gSaA
tks vgadkjh dh lRrk dks ugha ekurk muesa vkil esa gh Vdjko
gksrk gS vkSj fgalkQSyrh gSA
vgadkjh O;fDr viuh vkKk nwljksa ij Fkksiuk pkgrk gSA
lkearksa vkSj lezkVksa ds vge~ ds dkj.k gh yksdra= dk mn;
gqvk ftlesa turk ij ‘kklu turk ds }kjk vkSj turk ds fy, fl)kar fu:fir
gqvkA
xqyke cukus dh izFkk vktdy mB pqdh gS fdUrq og Hkh dqN
yksxksa ds vgadkj dkgh ifj.kkegSA

vgadkjdk ifj.kke-ekufld vkSj ‘kkjhfjd izrkM+uk Hkh vgadkj dk gh
ifj.kke gSA
vkt tks oxZ Hksn] jax Hksn] tkfr Hksn] fyax Hksn]
fodflr ns’k vkSj fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds chp HksnHkko
py jgk gS] mldk dkj.k vgadkj gh gS vkSj mlh ds pyrs
vkilhla?k”kZ Hkhrhoz gks jgs gSaA
;q)ksa vkSj egk;q)ksa dk dkj.k Hkh ‘kkld oxZ dk
vgadkj gh gSA fcuk vgadkj ds dksbZ fdlh ij vkdze.k
ugha dj ldrk vkSj u gh dksbZ fdlh dk vfrdze.k dj ldrk
gSA

vgadkjdsdkj.kksadk fuokj.k
la;ferHkkstudjsaA elkyksadkvf/kdmi;ksxugha djsaAHkkstu]?kj
vkSj os’k&Hkw”kkrhuksa esa lknxhj[ksa ftllsnwljksaesa ghuHkko
iSnk ugksA
n`f”V™dks.kcnysaA ,dNksBklkv.kqozr /kkj.kdjsafdeSa fdlhtkfr]
oxZ] fyax;kjaxdh otglsghu ;kmPpugha le>waxk@le>waxhA
eS=h&Hkkodsfodklds fy,eS=hdh vuqizs{kkAle;5feuV
oanuklu vkSj ‘k”kkadkludkiz;ksxAle;5 feuVA
Hkk”kkdh fouezrkj[ksaAcksyh lsfdlhdkHkh frjLdkjugha djsaA
ekSuiz;ksx&T;ksfrdsUnz ;kyykV ds e/;esa pedrsgq, ‘osrjax dk
/;kuA/;kuds lkFkHkkoukdjsafdvgadkj{kh.kgksjgkgSAvkosx
vkSj vkos’k‘kkargksjgsgSaAle;3 ls5 feuVA

dk;ksRlxZ&dk;ksRlxZ&jkf=esalksuslsigysdk;ksRlxZesa‘kjhjdksfLFkj]f’kfFky
vkSjrukoeqDrdjsaAlcizkf.k;ksa dsizfr eS=hdhHkkoukj[ksaAle;5
feuVA
ftueqnzkvksalsvgadkj>ydrkgS] mueqnzkvksa dkifjR;kxdjsaAtSlh
eqnzkgksxh]oSlsghHkkogksaxsAtSlsHkkogksaxsoSlhgheqnzk
cuusyxsxhAvr%ltxjgsatcHkhvgadkjeqnzkizdVgks mlds
LFkkukUrj.kdsfy,fou;eqnzkdkiz;ksx‘kq:djnsaA
vgadkjhO;fDr dhbPNk,avlhegksdjr`”.kkdk:i/kkj.k djysrhgSAmudh
iwfrZdsfy,vgadkjhO;fDrgjrjglsvizkekf.kd dk;Zdjusyxtkrk gSA
r`”.kkvkSjNy&iziaplsrHkhcpktkldrkgSA tcvgadkjvkSjdzks/k dk
dkQhgnrd‘keudjfn;ktk,AvU;Fkk r`”.kkvkSjNy&iziapvkxspydjruko
esaifj.khrgkstkrsgSaA

vkRe vfHkeku-
vgadkjdk cM+k vkSjfcxM+k:i vkRe vfHkekuh]vkRe LokFkhZ
vFkok vgadkjh]vkRexfoZr eglwl djus yxrk gS vkSjmldks vius
vfrfjDr dksbZ Hkh fn[kkbZugha nsrk og O;fDr flQZ vius vkRe
vfHkekuls gh f?kjk jgrk gS mldks dqN Hkh lalkjesa vius lEeq[k
dksbZ Hkh ugha fn[krk dsoy vfHkekudk inkZgh mlds mijp<+k
jgrk gSA

rukoeqfDr
’kjhj ls tc {kerk ls vf/kd dke fy;k tkrk gS] rc ruko iSnk gksrk
gSaA vR;f/kd Le`fr;ksa] fpUru vkSj dYiukvksa ds dkj.k
efLr”d rukoxzLr jgrk gSA vR;f/kd vgadkj] dzks/k] r”.kk vkSj
Ny ds dkj.k O;fDr dk Hkko ra= rukoxzLr gks tkrk gSA ruko
ds dkj.k O;fDr ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj HkkoukRed :i ls
leL;kvksa ls xzLr gks tkrk gSA leL;kvksa ds dkj.kksa dks
[kkstdj mudk funkudjukvko’;d gks tkrk gSA

rukods vkarfjddkj.k&
1- feF;kn`f”Vdks.k
2- vlhe ykylk
3- vfu;a=.k
4- izekn
5- papyrk

rukods ckg~;dkj.k
1- dke dk Hkkj
2- le; u feyus dk Hkkj
3-tkudkfj;ksa dk Hkkj

Rkuko ds dbZ dkj.k gks ldrs gSaA ruko
dks eq[;r% ge pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkDr dj
ldrs gSaA

ruko ds y{k.k
’kkjhfjd&1- rukoxzLr ekalisf’k;ka 2- vO;ofLFkr ‘okl 3- eqag
lw[kuk4- gFksfy;kWa ij ilhukvkuk5- gkFk&iSj B.Msgksuk
6- gkFkksa esa dEiu 7- ckj&ckj is’kkc vkuk8- ikpu fdz;k
fcxM+ dj nLryxuk] 9-’kkjhfjd fljnnZ] ekWalisf’k;ksa esa
,saBu]Fkdku] QfVd] peZjksx] lkWal dk QwyukA
O;ogkfjd&1- u’ks dhvknr] flxjsV dh vknr 2-vLr&O;Lr
thou&’kSyh 3- lkekftdrk dk vHkko4-rukoxzLr eqnzk,arSls
nkarksa ls uk[kwu dkVuk, 5- thouesa ckj&ckj
nq?kZVukvksa dk dk gksuk] 6-thoulkFkhds lkFk vPNs
laca/kksa dk ugksuk] 7- uhandk uvkuk] 8- Fkdkugksrs gq,
HkhulksukA

Ekufld&fpark,Wa] O;kdqyrk ds lkFk fpark djuk] xyr fu.kZ;
ysuk ;k fu.kZ;kRed ‘kfDr dk vHkkoA tYnckt gksdj fu.kZ;
ysuk] nq%LoIuA
HkkoukRed&fpM+fpM+kiu 2-vkdzkerk 3-fpUrk 4-
fujk’kk 5-vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk 6-vfunzk 7- nq%LoIu 8-eu%
fLFkfr ckj&ckj cnyuk 9-jksuk&fpYykuk 10- dzks/k 11-
Hkwy tkuk 12- jpukRedrk dk vHkko 13- vlqj{kk dh
Hkkouk]14- fuf”dz;rk15- eukscy dk fxjuk]16- mUeknA
ruko ds dqN vU; lzksr&fdlh ds }kjkxkyh nsuk] vius dkedkt ls
[kq’k u gksuk] fdlh fiz;tu dh e`R;q gksuk] chekjh] thou esa
ifjorZu] rykd’kqnk thanxh] ?kj dk ckj&ckj cnyuk] vius vki
dks detksjeglwldjuk] vlQyrk dk MjgksukA

EFFECTS OF STRESS AT FOUR
LEVEL:-

rukolsgksus okysjksx
1- mPp jDrpki
2- xSl¼ok;q fodkj½
3- Mk;fcVht ¼e/kqesg½
4- vfunzk
5- fpUrk
6- fljnnZ
7-tksM+ksadk nnZ
8-nek
9-vYlj

rukoeqfDrds mik;
‘kq) ok;q ds okrkoj.k esa Hkze.kdjuk¼2&3 fdeh-½
vkgkj foosd&pchZ jfgr nw/k] lykn] rkts Qy] rkth
lfCt;kWa]lkfRod HkkstuA
fuf”k) vkgkj&ued] phuh] ‘kjkc] ekWal] v.Ms] vf/kd rsy
;qDr Hkkstu]?kh]jktfldo rkefld HkkstuA
vklu izk.kk;ke&;kSfxd fdz;k,Wa] b”V oanu ¼lw;Z
ueLdkj½] rkM+klu] rkn~gLrklu] otzklu] ‘ka’kdklu]
v)ZeRL;sUnzklu] if’peksRrkuklu] Hkqtaxklu] ‘kyHkklu]
mRrkuiknklu] ioueqDrklu] ukM+h’kks/ku izk.kk;ke ¼le;
20 feuV½

izs{kk/;ku -----
dk;ksRlxZ&ysVdjiwjs‘kjhjdh f’kfFkyrkdkvH;klA¼le;2
feuV½
izs{kk/;ku&egkizk.k/ofu] nh?kZ’oklizs{kk] T;ksfr dsUnz
izs{kkA ¼le; 20 feuV½
vuqizs{kk&ruko ds dkj.kksaesa feF;knh?kZdks.k]vlheykylk]
papyrk]laosxksa ijvfu;a=.kvkfnHkhdkj.kgSavr% lE;d~
n`f”Vdks.k]larks”k] lfg”.kqrk]/kS;Zvkfkndhvuqizs{kk djkdj
ruods dkj.kksadksfeVk ldrs gSavkSjmudhtxgfo/kk;d
Hkkoksadh izfr”Bk djldrs gSaA
Lok/;k;&n`f”Vdks.kdks cnyus esa lr~lkfgR;dkLok/;k;Hkh
cgqrmi;ksxhgSA

dk;Z{kerkdkfodkl
O;fDrRo ds lE;d~ fodkl ds fy, tgka fu”ks/kkRed Hkko
tSls&dzks/k] Nyuk] vgadkj] vfr yksHk vkfn dks lhfer djuk
vko’;d gSa ogka O;fDr dks dk;Z djrs le; ruko xzLr Hkh ugha
gksukpkfg,A vius y{; dh izkfIr ds fy, dk;Z{kerk dkfodkl Hkh
mruk gh vko’;d gSA dk;Z djus dh {kerk izkIr djus ds fy, fuEu
lw= t:jhgS&
dk;Z dh lhek bl rjg fu/kkZfjr dh tk, fd ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj
HkkoukRed :i ls LoLFk jgrs gq, vkuUn iwoZd dk;Z fd;k tk
ldsA
dk;Zdks ;kstukiwoZdvkSj le;c) fd;ktk,A
fof’k”V dk;ksZadks izkFkfedrk nhtk,A

dke djrs le; euks;ksx iwoZd dk;Z fd;k tk,A lko/kkuh
gVus ijdk;Z fcxM+ Hkhldrk gSA
dk;Zds izfr fu”BkvkSj leiZ.kdkHkko txk,WaA
dk;Z dk fu.kZ; ykHk&gkfu ij fopkj dj fpUruiwoZd
djsaA
Dk;Z{kerk ds fodkl ds fy, ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd xfr dk
gksukA dk;Z ds fuiVkjs ds fy, lgh xfr dk gksukA i;kZIr
Lej.k ‘kfDr dk gksuk vkSj lkFk gh lkFk tkx:drk dk
gksuk

In conclusion to improve work
efficiency it is necessary these
following factors:-
Following factors:
1. Planning
2. Logic & reasoning
3. Comprehension
4. Visual processing
5. Auditory processing which should be associated
with long term attention/memory followed by
active processing system which can b e
accompalished only by the speed working
memory and attention.

O;fDrRofodkl ds fy, Lej.k‘kfDr dk fodflr gksukt:jhgS
,sls O;fDrRo dk fodkl djuk ftlesa dzks/k] vgadkj]
Nyuk] vkSj yksHk tSls fu”ks/kkRed Hkko dkQh de
gksa] lerkewyrd] LoLFk lekt jpuk ds fy, vfr vko’;d
gSaA ,sls O;fDr gh viuh ladh.kZ lhek ls Åij mBdj lekt]
ns’k vkSj fo’o Lrj ij viuh lsok,a ns ldrs gSaA ,sls
O;fDr;ksa dh Le`fr ftruh vPNh gksxh mruh gh Kku
xzg.k djus dh {kerk c<+ tk,xhA ftruk Kku gksxk] mlh
ds vk/kkj ij Hkfo”; dh ;kstuk,Wa cusxh vkSj mudk
fdz;kUougksxkA

Lej.k‘kfDr eangksus dsdkj.k
‘kjhjesa dQ dk vkf/kD; vkSj ey dk vojks/k
jh< dh gM~Mh dks >qdjdj cSBus dh vknrA
funzk,oa vkyL; dk ckgqY;A
fpRr Lok/;k; esa ughayxukA
Vh-ch- vkfneuksjatuds fofo/klk/kuksa ds izfr vkd”kZ.k o
vf/kd le;nsukA

efLr”dh; fod`fr ;kefLr”d dklhferfodkl] tx:drk efLr”d
dk vR;ar de gksukA
fu”ks/kkRedn`f”Vdks.k cu tkukfd eq>s ;kn ugha
jgrkA
Le`fr esa Mkys x, fo”k;ksa dks ughanksgjkukA
vkuqokaf’kdrk ds dkj.kefLr”d dk vfodflr ;kvYi fodflr
jgukA
vgadkj] dzks/k] Hk;] fpUrk] rukovkSj mrkoysiu ls
xzLr gksukA

Lej.k‘kfDr c<+kusds O;kogkfjdmik;
‘kjhj dhdQ izd`fr ij fu;a=.kj[kuk RkFkk mls c<+us
ugha nsukA
ges’kk jh<+ dhgM~Mh dks lh/kkj[kdj cSBuk]ftlls
efLr”d dh bMk] fiaxyk vkSj lq”kqEuk ukfM+;ka lnk
LoLFk cuhjgsaA
i<+us vkSjLok/;k; ds izfr :fp ,oa tkx:drk iSnk djukA
Le`frxr fo”k;ksa dks ckj&ckjnksgjkukAlerqY; O;fDrRo
okyksa ds lkFk ppkZ djrs djrs jgukA
i<+us ds cknvko’;d fo”k;ksa dks fcUnq ds :i esa Le`frxr
djukA

ok.khla;e dk vH;kldjukrkfd efLr”dh; ÅtkZ dk O;FkZ
gh O;; u gksA
fo/kk;dHkko j[kuktSls esjh Le`fr vPNh gSA
viuk y{; fu/kkZfjrdjds mlesa :fpysuk vkSj O;FkZdh
ckrksa esa le;cckZn ughadjukAle;dk izca/ku djukA
n`<+ ladYi gks rks vkuqoaf’kdrk dks Hkh dqN gn rd
cnyk tkldrk gSA
vgadkj] dzks/k] Hk;] fpUrk] rukovkSj mrkoysiu vkfn
ls eqfDr ikus dk mik; djukA

Lej.k‘kfDr c<+kusdhizk;ksfxdfof/k;k
cSBus dh fof/k% jh<+dh gM~Mhlh/kh j[kdj cSBsaA ftlvklu
esa Hkh lqfo/kkiwoZd cSB ldsa] mlhvklu esa cSBsaA
Kku&eqnzk%nksuksa gkFkksa dh rtZuhvkSj vaxwBsa ds
iksjksa dks feykdj bl izdkj?kqVus ij j[ksa fd gFksyh dk fupyk
Hkkx?kqVus ij jgsA
egkizk.k/ofu%lksus ls iwoZ] lksdjmBus ds rqjar ckn ,oa
i<+us ls iwoZ rhuksa le;ukS&ukSckj egkizk.k/ofu dk vH;kl
djsaA
vklu& ;ksxeqnzk] lokZaxklu,oa ‘k’kadklu dkfu;fer vH;kl
djsaaA le;% izkr% 10 feuV [kkyh isV

izs{kk/;ku -----
/;ku%Kku dsUnz ¼pksVh dkLFkku½ijlw;Zeq[khdsQwy
dh Hkkafrpedrs gq,ihys jaxdk/;kudjsaA
Hkkouk% jkrdkslksrs le;‘kjhjdksf’kfFkydjdsHkkouk
djsa&esjhLej.k‘kfDrc<+jghgSAefLr”desa U;wjksulfdz;
vkSj nh?kZthoh gksjgsgSaA
cU/k%tkya/kjca/kyxkdjduifV;ksaijihys jaxdk/;kudjsaA
le;3 feuV
ti% ^.keks.kk.kL;**eSa KkudksueLdkjdjrkgaw*dk lksrs
le;tidjsA¼le; 5feuV½

y{; izkfIrgsrq fo’ks”kiz;ksx
gekjs efLr”d ds nks xksyk)Z gksrs gSA nk;ka xksyk)Z vkSj ck;ka
xksyk)ZA efLr”d dk ck;ka Hkkx rkfdZd {kerk] fo’ys”k.k rFkk
Hkk’kk ,oa xf.krh; {kerk vkfn ij fu;a=.k j[krk gSA efLr”d dk nk;ka
Hkkx l`tu’khyrk] vk/;kfRedrk] igpku] dSfj;j fodkl] dYiuk’kfDr
,oa iwokZHkkl ij fu;a=.k j[krk gSA thou foKku] izs{kk/;ku }kjk
u, dSfj;j dh laHkkoukvksa dk fuekZ.k djus esa lg;ksx feyrk gSA
thou foKku] izs{kk ds fofHkUu iz;ksxksa ds fujarj] vH;kl ls
vkRefo’okl esa o`f)] ekufld ,dkxzrk dk fodkl] thou ‘kfDr dk
fodkl] xzkg~;rk] Lej.k’kfDr ,oa ckSf)d {kerk ds fodkl ls y{; izkfIr
esalg;ksxfeyrkgSA

oSKkfudvk/kkj
psru efLr”d,ddEI;wVjdhrjg dk;Zdj viuh nSfud fdz;k,a
iwjhdjrkgSa ysfdugekjkvopsru efLr”Dgesaog‘kfDr
iznkudjrk gS] ftllsges,dlEiw.kZ,oavFkZiw.kZ thou thus
esa lgk;rkfeyrhgSA vr% tcy{;izkfIr] dk;Zizn’kZuvkSj
egRodka{kkvksadksiw.kZdjusdh ckjhvkrh gSrc
vopsru efLr”dfoy{k.k:ils dk;ZdjrkgSA
oSKkfudn`f”VlsgekjkefLr”d,oa fo|qrh;&jlk;u;a=gSftlls
fof’k”Vfo|qrrjaxsa vkSj jlk;ucurs gSArjaxs EEG e’khu ls4
izdkjdh ekuh xbZgSA

rjaxs 14&28 vko`fr&mRrstuk dh fLFkfrA
rjaxs 7&14 vko`fr&/;ku dh lq[kn voLFkkA
rjaxs 4&7 vko`fr&xgjh uhandh fLFkfrA
rjaxs 0-5 &4-5& U;wurepsruk LrjA
rjaxksa dh ‘kfDr eqnzkvksa oksYV bdkbZ esa] lk/kkj.k
voLFkk esa 15 /;ku voLFkk esa 30&40 vkSj ;ksxh dh
/;ku voLFkk esa 100 rd ukih tk pqdh gSA izs{kk/;ku ,oa
vuqizs{kkvksa ds vH;kl }kjk vopsru efLr”d ls vf/kdkf/kd
ykHk izkIr djus gsrq mlesa ,d ubZ ‘kfDr dk lapj.k gksrk
gSA

METHODS TO ACHIVE THE GOAL:-
 First step is identifying the problems.
 Second, is evasion- means to visualize the probable
factors by which the goal can be achieved.
 Third, one is strategy- it is a step through which the
manner the goal can be achieved the plain is made for
achieving the goal.
 Fourth, Execution means to carry or to perform the
work.

y{; izkfIr ds pkjpj.k
vfHkizsj.k&ldkjkRedn`f”Vdks.k]izcybPNklsbPNk‘kfDrdkfodkldj
vkRefo’oklc<+kukA
,dkxzrk&eudh ,dkxzrkdksc<+kusdsfy,&’oklizs{kk dkvH;klA
f’kfFkyhdj.k&ekufldrjaxksadhvko`fr7ls14pdzizfrlSds.Mrdj[kus
,oavopsrueulslh/kslaidZesajgusgsrqiw.kZf’kfFkyhdj.kvko’;d
gSA
n`f”Vcks/k&dYiuk,oan`f”Vcks/kdsyxkrkjfu;fervH;kl}kjkge
vopsruefLr”ddh;ksX;rkdkmi;ksxdjldrsgSa blesagesvR;f/kd
ekufld‘kfDro;ksX;rkizkIr gksxhAthoufoKku]izs{kk/;ku}kjk dksbZ
HkhO;fDr,dkxzrkdh‘kfDrdsfodklgsrqizsfjrgksdjefLr”drjaxdks
vYQkLrjrdigqapkldrkgSA rcgekjky{;n`f”Vcks/klsLi”Vgkstk;sxk
rcmlsizkIr djusdsfy,isz{kk/;ku}kjk vko’;dÅtkZizkIr dj ldsaxsA

izs{kk/;ku-----
n`f”Vcks/k&izs{kk/;ku }kjk&lq[kklu] Kkueqnzk ,oa 9
ckj egkizk.k/ofu dk xqatuA
n`f”Vcks/k dk;ksRlxZ}kjk&’kjhjdks fLFkj]f’kfFky ,oa
rukoeqDr djsaA jh<+ o xnZudks lh/kklejs[kk esa j[ksa-
-------AdksbZ vdM+u u gksA ekalisf’k;ksa dks <+hyk
NksM+sa] ‘kjhjdh idM+ dks NksM+sa------------vkSj
<+hyk NksM+ nsaAvius pkjksa vksj pedrs gq, lQsn jax
dk ‘okl ysa] ‘okl NksM+sa--------------A

fuEu‘kCnkoyhdk 3 ckj mPpkj.kdjsa ,oa 3 ckj ekufldtkidjsa&
^^ esjk vkRefo’okl tkx`r gks jgk gSA
^êSaHk;eqDr gks jgk gwWaA
^êSa/kS;Zoku cu jgk gwWaA
^êsjhekufld ,dkxzrk dk fodklgks jgk gS**
^êSaladYidjrk gwWa fdeS fuf’pr gh viusy{;
dks izkir d:axk-----------**A

vuqfparudjsa
esjk vkRefo’okl tkx`r gks x;k gS------eSa Hk;eqDr
gks x;k gwWa----------eSa /kS;Zoku cu x;k
gwWaw------------esjh ekufld ,dkxzrk dk fodkl gks
x;k gS---------------------] vc eS fuf’pr gh vius y{; dks
izkIr djus esa lQy gksmWaxk-----------A egkizk.k
/ofu dk rhu ckj xaaqtudjrs gq, iz;ksx lEiUudjsaA

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