Linked Data on the BBC

Linked Data on the BBC
Patrick Sinclair
BBC Future Media & Technology for Audio and Music and Mobile
Monday, 23 November 2009

Olá
@metade
I’ll be putting these slides online very soon.

The BBC is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world.
Its mission is to enrich people's lives with programmes that inform, educate and entertain.
It is a public service broadcaster, established by a Royal Charter and funded by the licence fee
that is paid by UK households.
So to have a television in the UK, a household has to pay around £140 per year - that’s 400
Reais.
The BBC uses the income from the licence fee to provide services including...
http://www.bbc.co.uk/info/purpose/what.shtml

8 National TV Channels
8 national TV channels, plus regional programming.
We also have the BBC HD channel which broadcasts in High Deﬁnition.

10 National Radio Stations
10 national radio stations

Nations and Regions
NORTH EAST &
CUMBRIA
BBC Cumbria
BBC Newcastle
BBC Tees
NORTH WEST
BBC Lancashire
BBC Merseyside
BBC Manchester
YORKSHIRE
BBC Leeds
BBC Sheffield
BBC York
EAST YORKS & LINCS
BBC Humberside
BBC Lincolnshire
EAST MIDLANDS
BBC Nottingham
BBC Leicester
BBC Derby
WEST MIDLANDS
BBC Stoke
BBC Shropshire
BBC WM
BBC Coventry &
Warwickshire
BBC Hereford &
Worcester
EAST
BBC Northampton
BBC Three Counties
BBC Cambridgeshire
BBC Norfolk
BBC Suffolk
BBC Essex
LONDON
BBC London
SOUTH EAST
BBC Kent
BBC Surrey
BBC Sussex
SOUTH
BBC Oxford
BBC Berkshire
BBC Solent
WEST
BBC Gloucestershire
BBC Wiltshire
BBC Bristol
BBC Somerset
SOUTH WEST
BBC Devon
BBC Cornwall
BBC Guernsey
BBC Jersey
National TV and radio services for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and over 40 local
radio stations for England.

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Friday 13 November 2009
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boy forced to do the bidding of the Taliban.
Business Daily
The anatomy of how confidence works. If you
think the economy's on the mend, it will be.
WORLD HAVE YOUR SAY
What Afghanistan needs is an inclusive rather
than a populist government capable of
reaching out to friends and foes alike. This
does not look quite palatable to Washington
given its stance against the Taliban.
Arthur Njuguna
LANGUAGE SERVICES
1989 - Europe's
Revolution
Aftershock: The
global financial
crisis
Save Our Sounds
Internet Cafe Hobo
Charles Darwin
India train
Words in the News
Statues on the move
at Thai airport
SPECIAL REPORTS
LEARNING ENGLISH
News Sport Business
Hourly Bulletins
LATEST PODCASTS
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The world's rarest bird; polar thaws; a gene for
speech and why sprinters run so fast.
Download episode
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The BBC also offers the World Service, which broadcasts to the world on radio, TV and online,
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The BBC World Service is funded by a government grant, and not the licence fee.

Lord Reith
“inform,
educate and
entertain”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/the-reith-lectures/about/
The BBC is one of the oldest broadcasters in the world.
It was formed in the 1920s, and the ﬁrst Director General Lord Reith was the one who
summarised the BBC’s purpose as to “inform, educate and entertain”

Radio since 1920s
The BBC has been broadcasting Radio since the 1920s

TV since 1930s
TV since the 1930s

On the web since 1994
http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/eyedropper/139647993/
And it’s had a strong online presence since 1994.

Archive
bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/2009/10/unlocking-the-archive.shtml
So there’s a huge amount of content that the BBC has produced, and continues to produce
every day.

Historically, when it
came to promoting our
programmes online...
For the BBC, programmes are one of our core assets.
One of the main things we publish online are websites for our programmes, and we’ve been doing this
for a while now.
All the TV stations and radio networks have websites, and the major TV shows also have sites.
But historically, when it came to promote our programmes online...

Walking with Beasts
Walking with
Cavemen
T-rex - Warrior or
Wimp?
What really killed
the dinosaurs?
Were the dinosaurs
hot or cold blooded?
The KT extinction -
what killed the
dinosaurs?
BBC Homepage
Science & Nature
Homepage
In Prehistoric Life:
Age of the dinosaurs
Human beginnings
Games & quizzes
Picture galleries
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Like this page?
Send it to a friend!
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20 November 2009
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Text only
Animals Prehistoric Life Human Body & Mind Space TV & Radio Follow-up
You are here: BBC > Science & Nature > Prehistoric Life > TV & Radio > Walking with Dinosaurs
Walking With Dinosaurs
Walking with Dinosaurs contents
Broadcast in 1999, Walking with Dinosaurs set out to create the
most accurate portrayal of prehistoric animals ever seen on the
screen. Combining fact and informed speculation with cutting-
edge computer graphics and animatronics effects, the series took
two years to make.
Rise and fall of the dinosaurs
100 million years separated T. rex from the
earliest dinosaurs. Find out how they evolved as
the world around them changed.
Big Al game
When your own mother might eat you, growing
up is far from child's play. Try life as a young
Allosaurus.
Related links
Elsewhere on
Prehistoric Life
65 million years of
history, from woolly
mammoths to birds
that ate horses
Why learning to stand
on two legs set us on
the path to civilisation.
Elsewhere on
Science & Nature
A recent episode of
Horizon
A recent episode of
Horizon
Elsewhere on
bbc.co.uk
H2G2 - Written by the
audience
Hand-crafted,
customised sites
bbc.co.uk/radio4/bigbangbbc.co.uk/sn/prehistoric_life/tv_radio/wwdinosaurs
We were generally building hand-crafted, customised sites for each show.
The cost of creating them signiﬁcant as they were all hand built.

ﬂickr.com/photos/jamescridland/18768141/
Only some programmes
could be covered
...which is a shame because we broadcast
between 1,000 and 1,500 programmes a day
And this meant that only some programmes had any kind of web presence, and the
commissioning of those was uneven.
Often the support sites weren’t comprehensive, as they didn’t provide a complete record of a
programme, such as details on each episode.

Developed in isolation
ﬂickr.com/photos/bottleleaf/2218990208
These sites were commissioned and developed in isolation.
So you could see an Archers site, and an Eastenders site and a Top Gear site which were
internally coherent, but they failed to link up to each other except by editorially determined
cross promotions.
You could see who presented Top Gear, but you couldn’t see the other programmes they
presented.

7 Ages of Rock
Programmes
Artists
Events
Embeddable Video
HomeHome
Search Explore the BBCExplore the BBC
More information here
A definitive landmark series charting the emergence and re-emergence of rock music as a global
force, told through the musicians who have shaped this most enduring of genres.
Accessibility help
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BBC Homepage
BBC Music
Often not
maintained
Often these sites would be built, and launched, and then left online to rot.
With no effort spent maintaining them, they would quickly go out of date, resulting in a poor
user experience.

Error 404 - Page not found
This might be because:
You have typed the web address incorrectly, or
the page you were looking for may have been moved, updated or
deleted.
Please try the following options instead:
Use BBC search above to see if it's available elsewhere
Use our site index
Terms of UseJobs
Privacy & Cookies
© MMIX
The BBC is not responsible for the
content of external internet sites.
Text only Help Search Explore the BBC
Often not persistent
And unfortunately we also had a tendency to delete our web pages or reuse our URLs.
So the data we made available didn’t hang around on the web.

Cost
Expenditure Opportunity
The main problem in doing things in this way is cost.
It’s really inefficient and expensive to build lots and lots of hand cranked sites.
And it's expensive both in terms of actual expenditure (i.e. the number of people doing it)
and in terms of opportunity costs (if you send all your time cranking out html ﬁles for
Eastenders then you can't do more interesting things).

New Platforms
• Broadcast
• Desktop
• Mobile
• Games consoles
• ...
We also need to be able to react to new platforms - people are consuming content in different
ways. In addition to regular broadcasting, more and more people are using their desktop,
mobile or games consoles to consume our content.
The old way of doing things didn't scale very well - whenever we went to support a new
platform you’d need another team.

Doctor Who
bbc.co.uk/programmes
Utopia
The Master Regenerates
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
bbc.co.uk/characters
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
bbc.co.uk/people Queenie
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
bbc.co.uk/music/artists
Flight of the Conchords
bbc.co.uk/music/releases
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
bbc.co.uk/music/artistsDame Shirley Bassey
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
The Curse of the Fatal Death
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
The biggest problem was that this approach could not enable the rich user journeys across
domains that we want to provide.

Doctor Who
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
Doctor Who
es
e Queenie
Blackadder II
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
ch
artists
ds
artists
rs
David Arnold
Randall & Hopkirk
bbc.co.uk/programme
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
For example,
We want to let people start at a program like Doctor Who,
see one of their favourite characters, the Daleks
read that Terry Nation invented the Daleks...
see that he’s from Cardiff
discover that Shirley Bassey is also from Cardiff
and then ﬁnd that she’s playing at a BBC Electric Proms concert this year

Doctor Who
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
Bla
bbc.co.
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
ation
people
Daleks
David Arnold
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Doctor Who
es
e Queenie
Blackadder II
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
ch
artists
ds
artists
rs
David Arnold
Randall & Hopkirk
bbc.co.uk/programme
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
For example,

Doctor Who
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
Bla
bbc.co.
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
ation
people
Daleks
David Arnold
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Doctor Who
es
e Queenie
Blackadder II
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
ch
artists
ds
artists
rs
David Arnold
Randall & Hopkirk
bbc.co.uk/programme
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
bbc.co.uk/people bbc.co.uk/people
Cardiff
o.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
amme
mme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
For example,

Doctor Who
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
Bla
bbc.co.
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
ation
people
Daleks
David Arnold
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Doctor Who
es
e Queenie
Blackadder II
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
ch
artists
ds
artists
rs
David Arnold
Randall & Hopkirk
bbc.co.uk/programme
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
bbc.co.uk/people
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Dame Shirley Bassey
Terry Natio
bbc.co.uk/peo
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Cardiff
o.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
amme
mme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
For example,

Doctor Who
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
Bla
bbc.co.
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
ation
people
Daleks
David Arnold
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Doctor Who
es
e Queenie
Blackadder II
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
ch
artists
ds
artists
rs
David Arnold
Randall & Hopkirk
bbc.co.uk/programme
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
bbc.co.uk/people
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Dame Shirley Bassey
Terry Natio
bbc.co.uk/peo
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Cardiff
o.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
amme
mme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Dame Shirley Bassey
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
For example,

Doctor Who
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/events
The Master
Derek Jacobi
bbc.co.uk/people
Sir Thomas More
bbc.co.uk/people
Utopia
bbc.co.uk/books
Henry VIII
bbc.co.uk/people
Elizabeth I
Blackadder II
John Simm
bbc.co.uk/people
Sam Tyler
Life on Mars
David Bowie
Gene Hunt
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
Malcassairo
bbc.co.uk/places
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
David Arnold
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Shooting Stars
Bob Mortimer
bbc.co.uk/people
Vic Reeves
bbc.co.uk/people
Randall & Hopkirk
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Edith Bowman
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
Comic Relief
bbc.co.uk/events
Steven Moffat
bbc.co.uk/people
Coupling
Bla
bbc.co.
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
ation
people
Daleks
David Arnold
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Dame Shirley Bassey
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Doctor Who
es
e Queenie
Blackadder II
Philip Glenister
bbc.co.uk/people
State of Play
ch
artists
ds
artists
rs
David Arnold
Randall & Hopkirk
bbc.co.uk/programme
Glastonbury 2002
bbc.co.uk/events
Coldplay
Rowan Atkinson
bbc.co.uk/people
bbc.co.uk/people
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Dame Shirley Bassey
Terry Natio
bbc.co.uk/peo
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Cardiff
o.uk/places
Charlotte Church
Propellerheads
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
Daleks
amme
mme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
Cardiff
bbc.co.uk/places
Dame Shirley Bassey
Terry Nation
bbc.co.uk/people
John Humphrys
bbc.co.uk/people
The Today Programme
bbc.co.uk/programme
Electric Proms '09
bbc.co.uk/events
For example,

Welcome
This site aims to ensure that every TV & Radio programme the BBC
broadcasts has a permanent, findable web presence.
Find out more about this site, read our commitment to accessibility
and discover our plans for the future.
Programmes for you
Whether it's games & quizzes, all new drama or the full suite of
music, we've got the programmes for you.
Explore the links below to find programmes you're interested in.
Browse by name, category or schedule.
0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
GENRES
Children's
Comedy
Drama
FORMATS
Animation
Appeals
Bulletins
A to Z
Use the A to Z to find a programme by name.
Categories
We categorise our programmes by genre and format. Browse these categories and discover current programmes of interest.
one page per programme
So a few years ago, Tom Loosemore's bbc.co.uk 2.0 strategy set out to ensure a base level of
consistency, quality and permanence for all BBC programmes online.
The aim: to be able to ﬁnd any programme broadcast by the BBC
The means: a single URL for every episode of every programme made for the BBC... forever.

Size and Organisation
ﬂickr.com/photos/pagedooley/1875348372/
And this implied a number of challenges.
It's really difficult to provide a uniﬁed approach when you publish as much content as we do.
It's difficult from a political, cultural and technical points of views.
The BBC is a huge organisation, and over the years has grown in an organic way, resulting in
various departments and systems.

Different Systems
• Orpheus
• Proteus
• Information & Archives
• PIPS
• DVB
• Web
There’s the problem that different data and identifiers are used to describe the same thing in
different systems.
There are also different workflows, and data is generated for different purposes.
For example, some back office systems and certain data used in play out systems was never
intended to be seen by the audience.
The quality of information capture varies between departments, in systems, and also over
time.
For example, certain fields might be used in a way they weren’t intended to as people find
work arounds so they can store data in a way that matches their needs.

Broadcast systems
integration
• Duplicate data entry:
• Billings
• Rights
• News
• Online
So a lot of work has gone into broadcast systems integration: we wanted to explore how to
automate some of the process.
To publish programme information on our websites, we needed to capture the metadata
naturally produced in the production process and expose it online.
Another thing we’re facing is reducing the amount of duplicate data entry work for our
editorial staff.

Welcome
Programmes for you
GENRES
Children's
Comedy
Drama
FORMATS
Animation
Appeals
Bulletins
A to Z
Categories
Domain Driven Design
http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radiolabs/2009/01/how_we_make_websites.shtml
When it came to design the actual public-facing website, we turned to Domain Driven Design.
The experience of designing and building /programmes led Michael Smethurst, an
information architect at the BBC, to deﬁne a domain driven approach for building web sites.
The next few slides are based on a blog post, titled “How we make websites” by Michael, and I
deﬁnitely recommend everyone to read them!

Explore the Domain
The ﬁrst thing step is to explore the domain, by sitting down with a domain expert and
modelling the real objects you want to deal with.
This should be clear from the business requirements - it might be food or music or gardening or...
Employ a domain expert. Get them to sketch their world and sketch back at them. Concentrate on modelling real (physical and metaphysical) things not web
pages - try to blank from your mind all thoughts of the resulting web site. This work should never stop - you need to do this through the lifetime of the
project as you reﬁne your understanding.

Identify your domain objects and
the relationships between them
By talking to the domain expert, you should build up a picture of the things they’re
concerned with, and how these things interlink.
As you chat and sketch with your domain expert you should build up a picture of the types of things they're concerned with. Make a list of these
objects.
As your knowledge of the domain increases you'll build up a picture of how your objects interlink. You can sketch basic entity relationship
diagrams with your domain expert and keep sketching until the picture clears. Bear in mind you're trying to capture the domain ontology - this
isn't about sketching database schemas. The resulting domain model will inform the rest of your project and should be one of the few artifacts
your project ever creates.

Check your domain model with users
Then run focus groups and speak to users, getting them to sketch their understanding of the
domain so that their view can be synthesised with the expert’s model.
Run focus groups and speak to users. Get them to sketch their understanding of the domain and again sketch back at them. After several
round trips you should be able to synthesise the expert model and the user model.
User-centric design starts here - if you choose to model things and relationships between those things that users can't easily
comprehend no amount of wireframes or personaes or storyboards will help you out.

Check to see if your website already
deals with some of your domain objects
Check whether your website already deals with any of the domain objects - having more than
one page about a given thing confuses both users and search engines.
So wherever there was existing content you can use, link to that instead of making a new
page for it.
If it does then reuse this functionality by linking to these pages - you don't want to mint new URIs for existing objects.
Having more than one page per thing confuses users and confuses Google. Try to think of your website as a coherent whole; not
as a collection of individual products. And as ever, don't expose your internal organisational structures through your website.
Users don't care about departments or reporting lines.
The glory will always come from building skyscrapers - the real challenge lies in decent town planning. It's more difficult to build
new services that stitch into your site and stitch into the web than build shiny, shrink wrapped, self contained products.

Source your data
Sourcing the data is vital, and it’s worth looking for external as well as internal sources of
metadata.
In particular it’s important to use sources that offer their data under a liberal licensing
agreement so that it can be used in as many ways as possible.
For example, for us it’s important that our data can be exposed through an API for other
developers to build upon it.
Check if there are business systems in your organisation able to populate your schema. Check if there are existing websites
outside your organisation you can use to populate your schema. Give preferential treatment to any websites that offer their data
under a liberal licencing agreement - you can buy in data to help you slice and dice your own data but if you do this you might
not be able to provide an open data API without giving away the 3rd party's business model. If your organisation AND an open
data website can provide the data, consider the danger in minting new identiﬁers for your own data - can you easily link out /
can you easily get links in?
Data licensing is one of those areas that often gets ignored in project planning. If you fail to consider it or get it wrong it can
severely curtail your plans further down the line.

Design your database
The next step is to translate the domain model into a physical database schema.

Pipe in your data
Then work out how to populate the database with the source data.
In our case, we are using PIPS, the Programme Information Platform.
It’s an aggregation of all of the programme metadata from the different departments and
divisions from the BBC.
The bulk of the data is about schedule information: when programmes are broadcast.
On top of that we provide internal tools for editorial staff to annotate and add more
information about the programmes.
Whether you choose to use your business data or buy data or use open data you'll need a way of piping it into your database
schema. You'll probably have to reshape it to make it suitable for publishing.

Make your models
When using a Model View Controller framework for building the site, the next step is to start
implementing the models that contain all of the business logic to cover the domain.
In an MVC framework your models should contain all your business logic. This mean they should capture all the
constraints of your database schema plus all the extra constraints implied by your domain model.

Design your URI schema
Then design the URI schema from the domain model.
In our department we tend to use large walls and lots of Post-its!
One of the things we try to ensure is that everything we expose on the site is addressable
with it’s own URI.
And this isn’t just the primary resources like an episode, but also the features of an episode,
like the credits, or when that programme was broadcast.
And then we “transclude” those resources back onto the episode page.
This let’s you control the user experience:
You can display the full list of credits on an episode page.
Or link to them instead.
Or display the most important credits (e.g. director, main stars of the show) on the episode
page and then link to the list of full credits.
This is really helpful for certain platforms, like mobile, as it allows you to reduce the load of
the main page.
Your URI schema should follow naturally from your domain model. As an example if you're dealing with books and a book can have many authors
then ../:book/authors should list all the authors of that book. At Audio and Music we tend to use large walls and lots of post-its to design our
URIs. Add some string to show links and journeys and there's no need to ever draw another site map.
This isn't just about designing URIs for resources you link to - sometimes your pages will be made up of other transcluded resources - all of these
subsidiary resources should be addressable too. It means you can easily change your user experience layer by taking out transcluded resources
and linking to them instead or removing links and transcluding.
By making every nugget of content addressable you allow other sites to link to it, improve your bookmarkability and increase your SEO - cf. an
individual 'tweet'. Bear in mind that some representations (speciﬁcally mobile) will need smaller, more fragmented representations with lower page
weight - designing your subsidiary resources to be addressable allows you to easily deal with this requirement - transclude the content on a
desktop machine, link to it on a mobile.
This is where we begin to talk about one web and REST. Each thing should be one resource with one URI - the representation you get back
(whether desktop HTML or mobile XHTML MP or RDF or YAML or JSON) should depend on what your user agent asks for via content negotiation. It
means I can send a link to a friend from a desktop machine, they can click on that link from a mobile and they'll get back a representation
appropriate to their device. Or vice versa. One web with no mobile ghetto.
It's important not to confuse URI design with site structure and user journeys. If you're used to working on hierarchical silo sites then the URI
structure often determines the navigation. This isn't true here. Think of the individual resources as tent poles - the user journeys are the canvas

Make hello world pages for your
primary domain objects
And then we start writing some views, step one is simply an h1 with the title of the object.

Make hello world pages for your
primary aggregations
And the same for aggregations, like listing all programmes in a particular format such as
Drama.

Define the data you need to
build each of your pages
Then define what data is needed for each resource.
It’s important to think about the data you want exposed, independently of the different
representations.
We believe in One Web principle, and REST, that is: each thing should be one resource with
one URI.
The representation you get back (whether desktop HTML or mobile or XML or RDF or JSON)
should depend on what your user agent asks for via content negotiation.
This means I can send a link to a friend from a desktop machine, they can click on that link
from a mobile and they'll get back a representation appropriate to their device. Or vice versa.
So at this point we define the data needed to build all representations of the thing - just
because the HTML representation doesn’t need to show the updated at date doesn’t mean the
RSS or Atom or RDF don’t need it.
Traditional wireframes lump together data requirements (via annotations), page layout and (by implication) document design. It's best to
split these out into 3 distinct tasks. The first task is to define the data requirements.
For each URI define the data needed to build all representations of the thing. Just because the HTML representation doesn't need to show
the updated date doesn't mean the RSS or Atom or RDF don't need it.
Some resources will transclude others. There's no need to define the data required for these - just reference the transcluded resource.

Build up your HTML pages and
other representations
Now we knew what data was needed, you can start surfacing it in the representations.
For the HTML, you should design the documents to be semantically correct and accessible and
not worry about page layout - that’s the job of CSS, not markup.
Now you know what data you need you can begin to surface this in your representations.
If you're working in HTML make sure you design your document to be semantically correct and accessible. Try not to
think about page layout - that's the job of CSS not markup. Document design should be independent of page layout. In
general your page should be structured into title, content, navigation - screen readers don't want to ﬁght through
calendar tables etc to get to the content.

Apply layout CSS
At this point add layout CSS to the HTML pages, experimenting with different layouts for the
markup by moving elements around the page.
It’s wireframing, but on the actual site with real data!

Add caching and search sitemaps
It’s worth spending some time considering caching: cache for too long and pages go stale,
but don’t cache enough and you risk placing unnecessary strain on your application.
Search sitemaps are important to ensure search engines can find the bits of the site that have
been updated, so they can re-index your site more effectively and so your content more
findable.
Knowing what can be cached and for how long is a vital part of designing your user experience. Cache for too long and pages go stale.
Don't cache for long enough and you send unnecessary traffic across the wires and place extra strain on your application.
Cached pages will also be faster and smoother to render in a browser. And if your users are paying for data on a mobile every extra
connection means bigger bills, which is definitely a user experience issue.
An example: if you're creating a schedule page for today's TV you want to cache for performance reasons but you don't want to cache it
for too long since schedules are subject to change. But you can cache yesterday's schedule more aggressively and last week's schedule
more aggressively still.
Creating XML search sitemaps helps search engines know which bits of your site have been updated. Which helps them to know which
bits to re-index. Which helps to make your content more findable.

Test and iterate
You should be testing with real users at every stage of development but it's particularly
important to conduct usability AND accessibility tests now.
It's like testing traditional wireframes but you're testing on the real application with real
application behaviours and real data (no lorum ipsum nonsense).
Sometimes the results of testing will require changes to layout CSS, sometimes to markup,
sometimes to the data you need to surface and sometimes to the underlying domain / data
model.
You should be testing with real users at every stage of development but it's particularly important to conduct usability AND accessibility tests now.
It's like testing traditional wireframes but you're testing on the real application with real application behaviours and real data (no lorum ipsum
nonsense).
Sometimes the results of your testing will require changes to layout CSS, sometimes to markup, sometimes to the data you need to surface and
sometimes to the underlying domain / data model. Bear in mind if you're using data from existing business systems there may need to be heavy
investment to make changes to that data model and employ the staff to admin those changes. Occasionally it might even mean renegotiating
contracts with outside data providers. All design and usability issues are ﬁxable - some just need more lawyers than others : )

Apply decor CSS
At this point it’s time to add visual design and branding.
Over the top of your wireframe application you can now start to add visual design and branding. This is exactly the same process as taking a paper
wireframe and applying design treatments over the top except you're mainly working in CSS.
Experiment with different treatments - see how far you can stretch the design with the markup given. Sometimes you'll need to add additional
markup to hook your CSS off.
Now's the time to add background imagery for headers, dividers, buttons, list items etc so best to open Photoshop / Illustrator to make your design
assets.

And test and iterate
And then test the visual design and branding - never stop testing!
Never stop testing.
Remember that personas are just abstractions of people - it's always better to use real people.
Ideally you should be able to adjust your code / markup / CSS to respond to user requests. If you can afford the recruitment /
developer time there's no better way to test than with a user sitting alongside a developer - the developer can react to user
requests, tweak the application and gain instant feedback without the ambiguity that sometimes comes from test reports.
Again you should accessibility test - some of the design / decor changes may affect font sizes etc - make sure your users can
still read the page.

Add any JavaScript / AJAX
At this point you can start adding more interactive elements using Javascript/ajax.
By having each resource addressable and providing them in machine readable
representations like XML or JSON, this step should be relatively trivial.
By making the browsable site ﬁrst and adding in javascript over the top you have a better
chance of making an accessible web site that degrades gracefully.
And because search engines bots are your least able users, sites that degrade well
for accessbility also degrade well for search engines.
By designing your browsable site ﬁrst and adding in Javascript / AJAX over the top you stand a better chance of making an accessible web
site - one that degrades gracefully.
As ever Google et al are your least able users - search bots don't like forms or JavaScript - sites that degrade well for accessibility also
degrade well for search engines.
Making every subsidiary resource addressable and providing these resources serialised as XML or JSON makes adding AJAX relatively
trivial.
You'll probably need to tweak your CSS to adjust to life with JavaScript / AJAX.

And test and iterate
Again test your site for accessibility and usability with JavaScript turned on and off.

Continue...
And continue building the site in this way, following the same steps for each development
cycle.
Follow the same steps for each development cycle. Some development cycles will just be about surfacing new views of the existing
domain model; some will require expanding your domain model.
Now you know your domain model and have made each domain object addressable layering over new views and more subtle user
journeys should be trivial.
And keep testing!

Welcome
Programmes for you
GENRES
Children's
Comedy
Drama
FORMATS
Animation
Appeals
Bulletins
A to Z
Categories
one page per programme
So this approach resulted in bbc.co.uk/programmes
What does it look like?

PROGRAMMES:
PREVIOUS PROGRAMMES:
Life
David Attenborough looks at the extraordinary ends
to which animals and plants go in order to survive.
Featuring epic spectacles, amazing TV firsts and
examples of new wildlife behaviour.… [ read more ]
on BBC iPlayer (6) clips (5) coming up
(7)
by year (7)
Available now on BBC iPlayer
Insects
MORE: programme information related links clips chapters
(60 minutes)
Available since Monday with 1 month left.
6/10. Super-slow motion shows a bombardier beetle firing boiling liquid at its
enemies.
ALSO AVAILABLE
Birds
(60 minutes)
Available since Mon, 9 Nov 2009 with 1 month left.
5/10. A slow-motion camera captures the unique flight of the
marvellous spatuletail hummingbird.
Fish
(60 minutes)
4/10. A look at various fish species including sea dragon,
fringehead and Hawaiian goby.
Mammals
(60 minutes)
Available since Mon, 26 Oct 2009 with 1 month left.
3/10. How mammals dominate the planet through having warm
blood and by caring for their young.
Reptiles and Amphibians
(60 minutes)
2/10. A look at the strategies used by reptiles and amphibians to
conquer their shortcomings.
1 more programme available now.
Clips (5)
Free Tree of Life poster and
interactive
Play the Tree of Life game
Watch Life video extras
Watch David Attenborough's
favourite moments
Wildlife stories from programme
makers on location
Earth News, reporting life on
earth
Factual Science & Nature
Nature & Environment
Documentaries
Coming up
MONDAY, 21:00 on BBC One
Hunters and Hunted
7/10. Unique footage of a killer whale engaging in sneaky
behaviour to hunt elephant seal pups.
6 more programmes coming up in the next 7 days
(including repeats).
Links
Wildlife Finder: explore the BBC nature archive and
find out more about the animals featured
Earth Explorers: follow the latest Life expeditions
Filming Techniques: stories from behind the scenes
(pdf)
Learn more
Watch more stunning videos
More like this
Find related BBC One programmes.
CATEGORIES
GENRE:
FORMAT:
Brand
bbc.co.uk/programmes/:pid
Here’s a page for the brand “Life”, which is a nature documentary show about life on earth
presented by David Attenborough.
A brand is like a container for the episodes.
Here we have the latest episode from this brand that is available to watch on BBC iPlayer.
iPlayer is the catch up service for TV and Radio programmes from the BBC - you can watch
any programme broadcast in the last 7 days on demand, for free.
Depending on the content and rights issues, some programmes are available for longer, such
as a month.
On the right, there’s information on shows coming up, and links to content on the BBC and
elsewhere on the web.
Here’s a list of other episodes that are still available to watch.
Here are some clips taken from that episode.
And here’s a list of relevant content that is also available from the BBC.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lbpcy

PROGRAMMES:
PREVIOUS PROGRAMMES:
on BBC iPlayer (6) clips (5) coming up
(7)
by year (7)
Insects
(60 minutes)
enemies.
ALSO AVAILABLE
Birds
(60 minutes)
Fish
(60 minutes)
Mammals
(60 minutes)
(60 minutes)
Clips (5)
Featured
FOREST TREASURES OF WEST PAPUA
Programme maker Stephen Lyle ventures into the forests of West
Papua to look for a small brown bird.
interactive
favourite moments
makers on location
earth
Documentaries
6 more programmes coming up in the next 7 days
(including repeats).
Links
Wildlife Finder: explore the BBC nature archive and
find out more about the animals featured
Earth Explorers: follow the latest Life expeditions
Filming Techniques: stories from behind the scenes
(pdf)
Learn more
More like this
CATEGORIES
GENRE:
FORMAT:
PREVIOUS 1 2 NEXT
Brush-tailed
rock wallabies :
free runners of
the outback (03.00)
Coral snake
(01.10)
Botfly horror
(01.28)
Brand
as a month.

(60 minutes)
enemies.
ALSO AVAILABLE
Birds
(60 minutes)
Fish
(60 minutes)
Mammals
(60 minutes)
(60 minutes)
Clips (5)
Featured
Earth explorers: follow Stephen's expedition to West Papua
AMAZON UNDER THE SKIN
As the Life team hacked through swamp forest to film uakaris in
the trees, deadly coral snakes sneaked into their kit and bot-fly
maggots got under their skin.
Earth Explorers: Amazon stories
DAVID ATTENBOROUGH'S FAVOURITE MOMENTS
Journey with Sir David Attenborough as he shares his favourite
moments from the last 30 years of wildlife film making.
Dive into the BBC's archive, to find a wealth of video, sound,
stories and breaking news.
Explore using the wildlife finder
LIFE: 60 SECOND PREVIEW
Discover the extraordinary ends to which animals and plants go in
order to survive.
Watch the Life trailer
AUSTRALIA'S OUTBACK FORTRESSES
One of Australia's most agile escape artists lives in the dramatic
rock formations of New South Wales. The Life team went to Oxley
Wild Rivers National Park to film them in action.
makers on location
earth
Documentaries
More like this
CATEGORIES
GENRE:
FORMAT:
PREVIOUS 1 2 NEXT
Brush-tailed
rock wallabies :
free runners of
the outback (03.00)
Coral snake
(01.10)
Botfly horror
(01.28)
Brand
as a month.

(60 minutes)
Clips (5)
Featured
order to survive.
Earth explorers: free running wallabies
PREVIOUS 1 2 NEXT
Brush-tailed
rock wallabies :
free runners of
the outback (03.00)
Coral snake
(01.10)
Botfly horror
(01.28)
Programmes Home
About this site
Developers
Terms of UseJobs
Privacy & Cookies
© MMIX
Brand
as a month.

Featured
order to survive.
Earth explorers: free running wallabies
Programmes Home
About this site
Developers
Terms of UseJobs
Privacy & Cookies
© MMIX
Brand
as a month.

7 Chapters within this programme: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Insects
AVAILABILITY:
1 month left to watch (or download at BBC iPlayer).
Last broadcast yesterday, 20:00 on BBC Four (see all broadcasts).
NEXT ON:
Sunday, 18:00 on BBC One
There are 200 million insects for each of us. They are the most successful animal
group ever. Their key is an armoured covering that takes on almost any shape.
Darwin's stag beetle fights in the tree tops with huge curved jaws. The camera flies
with millions of monarch butterflies which migrate 2000 miles, navigating by the
sun. Super-slow motion shows a bombardier beetle firing boiling liquid at enemies
through a rotating nozzle. A honey bee army stings a raiding bear into submission.
Grass cutter ants march like a Roman army, harvesting grass they cannot actually
eat. They cultivate a fungus that breaks the grass down for them. Their giant
colony is the closest thing in nature to the complexity of a human city.
RELATED LINKS
Wildlife Finder: Tisza mayfly
Wildlife Finder: Beetles
Wildlife Finder: Ants
CLIPS (6)
INSECTS
The number of known insect species is estimated to be between 6
and 10 million and they exist in nearly every environment found on
Earth.
Wildlife Finder: find out why insects are so successful
DAMSELFLIES AND DRAGONFLIES
Damselflies and dragonflies have truly mastered the art of flight by
having two pairs of wings that move independently.
Wildlife Finder: watch these masters of the air in flight
GROUND BEETLES
Life
Previous:
Birds
1 month left to watch
Next:
Hunters and Hunted
interactive
favourite moments
makers on location
earth
Documentaries
More details
EPISODE 6 OF 10 FROM
IN THIS SERIES
DURATION
60 minutes
Learn more
More like this
CATEGORIES
GENRE:
FORMAT:
This programme has been divided into chapters
Start playing chapter 1
PREVIOUS 1 2 NEXT
Ant acid (02.18) Global force
(01.18)
Monarch
migration (04.00)
Episode
Here’s a page for a particular episode.
Again, the actual video is transcluded onto the page from iPlayer.
Here’s a javascript-based chapters selection that allow you to jump into a particular bit of the
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7 Chapters within this programme: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AVAILABILITY:
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Last broadcast yesterday, 20:00 on BBC Four (see all broadcasts).
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There are 200 million insects for each of us. They are the most successful animal
group ever. Their key is an armoured covering that takes on almost any shape.
Darwin's stag beetle fights in the tree tops with huge curved jaws. The camera flies
with millions of monarch butterflies which migrate 2000 miles, navigating by the
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INSECTS
Earth.
GROUND BEETLES
Ground beetles are a large family of insects numbering over
40,000 species. Members of this family are able to secrete
defensive toxins.
Wildlife Finder: discover more about these invertebrate predators
AMEGILLA BEES
Amegilla bees are a genus of large bee that includes the Dawson's
bee found in Australia. Male Dawson's bees fight to the death for
the opportunity to mate.
Wildlife Finder: learn more about amegilla bees
MONARCH BUTTERFLY
Monarch butterflies undergo spectacular long distance annual
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INSECTS
Earth.
GROUND BEETLES
defensive toxins.
AMEGILLA BEES
MONARCH BUTTERFLY
migrations. They are thought to navigate these huge migrations
using the sun's position.
Wildlife Finder: discover more about monarch butterfly migration
EUROPEAN HONEY BEE
European honey bees are vital to farmers in the UK as the major
crop pollinators. Their declining numbers are therefore a great
source of concern.
Wildlife Finder: enter the world of the honey bee
BOTFLY HORROR
Programme maker Chadden Hunter hacked through Amazonian
swamp forest to film Life.
He entered heart of darkness territory when a botfly got under his
skin.
Watch Chadden's insect horror story
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transform.
Introduction to Insects2 00.22
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INSECTS
Earth.
GROUND BEETLES
defensive toxins.
AMEGILLA BEES
MONARCH BUTTERFLY
migrations. They are thought to navigate these huge migrations
using the sun's position.
Wildlife Finder: discover more about monarch butterfly migration
EUROPEAN HONEY BEE
European honey bees are vital to farmers in the UK as the major
crop pollinators. Their declining numbers are therefore a great
source of concern.
Wildlife Finder: enter the world of the honey bee
BOTFLY HORROR
Programme maker Chadden Hunter hacked through Amazonian
swamp forest to film Life.
He entered heart of darkness territory when a botfly got under his
skin.
Watch Chadden's insect horror story
CHAPTERS
transform.
A Darwin beetle begins his search for a mate, although he must
use his jaw to take out the competition, and the damselfly must
take many risks when searching for a place to lay her eggs.
Searching for a Mate3 01.38
The monarch fly migrates to Mexico to avoid a cold season in
Canada, and the alkaline fly can live in a place which is lethal to
most other life, except one of its predators.
Adverse Conditions4 14.10
Food is not the only think the oogpister beetle gets from his
prey; it also gets an excellent chemical weapon. Also, bees work
together to defend their hive from a bear attack.
Chemical Weapons5 24.41
A Japanese bug must find food for her inpatient young, and male
Dawson’s bees kill one another to get to the female. Also, a look
at how a colony of grass cutter ants works towards the same
goal.
Communal Living6 32.24
A behind the scenes look at how the Life programme makers
tried to capture the activities of monarch butterflies by flying a
camera amongst them.
Life on Location – Flying with Butterflies7 48.25
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Narrator David Attenborough
Producer Rupert Barrington
Executive Producer Michael Gunton
Mon 16 Nov 2009 21:00 BBC One (except Northern Ireland)
Mon 16 Nov 2009 21:00 BBC HD
Mon 16 Nov 2009 22:35 BBC One (Northern Ireland only)
Tue 17 Nov 2009 20:00 BBC Four
Sun 22 Nov 2009 18:00 BBC One
Sun 22 Nov 2009 18:00 BBC HD
CHAPTERS
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transform.
A Darwin beetle begins his search for a mate, although he must
use his jaw to take out the competition, and the damselfly must
take many risks when searching for a place to lay her eggs.
Searching for a Mate3 01.38
Adverse Conditions4 14.10
goal.
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Narrator David Attenborough
Producer Rupert Barrington
Executive Producer Michael Gunton
Mon 16 Nov 2009 21:00 BBC One (except Northern Ireland)
Mon 16 Nov 2009 21:00 BBC HD
Mon 16 Nov 2009 22:35 BBC One (Northern Ireland only)
Tue 17 Nov 2009 20:00 BBC Four
Sun 22 Nov 2009 18:00 BBC One
Sun 22 Nov 2009 18:00 BBC HD
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The Discovery of Radiation
Listen now (45 minutes)
Availability:
Available to listen.
Last broadcast on Thursday, 21:30 on BBC Radio 4 (see all broadcasts).
Melvyn Bragg and guests Jim Al-Khalili, Frank Close and Frank James
discuss the history of the discovery of radiation.
Today the word 'radiation' conjures up images of destruction. But in
physics, it simply describes the emission, transmission and absorption of
energy, and the discovery of how radiation works has allowed us to
identify new chemical elements, treat cancer and work out what the stars
are made of.
Over the course of the 19th century, physicists from Thomas Young,
through Michael Faraday to Henri Becquerel made discovery after
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Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the discovery of
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Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the discovery of
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Material World
02/07/2009
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Quentin Cooper reports from the Royal Society's
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18/11/2009
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18/11/2009
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18/11/2009
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The Herschel Space Telescope
Episode 1
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1/2. The engineers and astronomers approach the biggest
milestone in their 20-year project.
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Czech Republic - The Story of Semtex
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Hotel Stephanie
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Make Me an MP
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