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1. Coma like states
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2.  Awake but unresponsive state
 Respiratory and autonomic functions
retained
 “Awake coma“
 Eyelids open
 Yawning, grunting, swallowing, limb and
head movements persist
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3.  Most common causes
 Cardiac arrest
 Head injuries
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4.  Partially or fully awake
 Immobile
 Unable to speak
 Can think
 Site of lesion
 Medial thalamic nuclei or the frontal lobes
 Hydrocephalus
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5.  Mild form of akinetic mutism
 Mental and physical slowness
 Anatomical lesions
 Same as in akinetic mutism
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6.  Major psychosis
 No brain damage
 No voluntary or responsive movements
 Eyelid elevation
 Actively resisted
 Blinking
 Occurs in response to a visual threat
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7.  Catalepsy
 Limbs retain bizarre posture in which they
have been placed by the examiner
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