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Conducting High Impact Research
1. Conducting High Impact Research IUSSP September 26 & 27, 2009 Tara Nutley & Scott Moreland
2. Workshop Objectives Provide a framework for linking research to program and policy needs & decision making process Provide guidance, tips and job aides to apply to the research process that will facilitate the ultimate use of research results Provide hands on experience applying guidance and practicing job aides
3. Introductions In 5 minutes… Introduce yourselves to your colleagues at your table Provide your name, country of current residence, affiliated institution and research interests
4. Background: Why are we here? Global/local health context HIV epidemic Resurgence of TB Continued prevalence of malaria Pockets of stalled fertility decline Population burden Shortage of health care workers
6. Context Increased financial investments for service delivery Increased accountability requirements Improved national HMIS Increased demand for evaluation and other research
7. Level of Dissatisfaction that Policy is Based on Scientific Evidence Percent dissatisfied Overseas Development Institute, Jones et al., 2008.
9. Culture Divide: Researchers vs. Decision-makers Decision makers think that health researchers: Lack responsiveness to priorities Take too long to answer questions Favor jargon to transparent communication Don’t commit to a yes or a no answer Rely mainly on written reports rather than face-to-face conversation
15. Breakdown in Decision-making Cycle Data not available Data not accessible in user friendly formats External factors: political, cultural or religious ideology
16. Strengthening Evidence-based Decision Making Apply improved research paradigm Start with the decision to be informed with new data Consider the program/policy continuum in planning phase Involve varied stakeholders throughout the research process Develop action oriented recommendations Make data, results and recommendations available & accessible in varied formats for data users Follow-up
18. Continuum: What & Why? Organizes how research supports both policy and programs Placing research in the continuum assists to: Determine how results of research will be used Develop action oriented research questions Include appropriate stakeholders in the research process
19. The Policy - Program Continuum Advocacy & Policy formulation Program formulation Program monitoring Program evaluation
25. Report Back – PRACTICUM 1 One individual will volunteer from each table to report on the decision the group made and how they came to that decision.
27. What is a Stakeholder? Any person or group with a particular interest or ‘stake’ in your research Providers / Implementers Policymakers Program managers Funding agencies Beneficiaries Professional associations
29. Implications for Research Different stakeholders Have different perspectives Need/want different information Need information at different levels of complexity Have different intensities of interest Stakeholders can facilitate and/or impede the eventual use of study results
30. Involving Stakeholders Throughout the Research Process Increases understanding of the research process Increased knowledge of the quality of data Increased opportunity to discuss and identify key programmatic questions and concerns Jointly analyze and interpret data to answer programmatic questions Direct link to users of the data
31. Involving Stakeholders Throughout the Research Process Relevance of data Ownership of data Appropriate dissemination of data Use of data
32. When & How: Involving Stakeholders Study question development Protocol development Data collection Data interpretation & recommendation development Results dissemination Data use plan development
33. Stakeholder Analysis Clarifies who has interest in a topic/program and what that interest is Identifies who can help a program and how, and who can hinder it Prioritizes stakeholders and clarifies roles
45. Let’s look at some examples (1) Research topic: Physical activity and cardiovascular disease Research problem: Is there a link between lack of physical activity and hypertension? Research question: Will 30 minutes of moderate activity daily reduce hypertension in office workers? Hypothesis: 30minutes of moderate activity daily in sedentary workers will reduce the median systolic blood pressure by 10mm mercury.
46. Let’s look at some examples (2) Research topic: Parity and contraceptive use Research problem: Do low parity women have a lower demand for family planning? Research question: How does contraceptive use vary by parity among married women? Hypothesis: Low parity married women will have lower contraceptive prevalence rates?
48. Report Back – PRACTICUM 2 Spend 15 minutes with your neighboring table and discuss what you found challenging about the exercise and seek feedback from the visiting group Switch roles
49. Developing Recommendations Based on Research Findings Process begins with the formulation of the initial research questions and the initial involvement of stakeholders
50. Developing Actionable Recommendations How did we get to actionable findings? Ensured research questions were relevant and of priority to the local context Linked them to specific programmatic and policy actions How do we get to actionable recommendations? Interpret results with stakeholders
51. Considerations When Developing Recommendations Impact - What will be the impact on health programs both long-term and short-term? Resources - Are additional resources needed? Supporting factors - Are policy, operational or management changes needed? Acceptability - Politically and culturally acceptable? Timeliness – Can implementation be timely?
54. Communicating Study Results & Program / Policy Recommendations Process begins in the study planning phase with the initial identification of stakeholders
55. Consider Varied Information Needs Different stakeholders make different types of decisions Tailor key messages and communication channels to different audiences Prioritize key recommendations that are actionable & practical
63. Report Back – PRACTICUM 3 One individual will volunteer from each table to discuss what they found useful about the data use action plan and how they can apply it in their own work.
64. Strengthening Evidence-based Decision Making Apply improved research paradigm Start with the decision to be informed with new data Consider the program/policy continuum in planning phase Involve varied stakeholders throughout the research process Develop action oriented recommendations Make data, results and recommendations available & accessible in varied formats for data users Follow-up
65. Thank You Give us feedback Tara Nutley tnutley@futuresgroup.com Scott Moreland smoreland@futuresgroup.com
66. Join Data Use Net Send an email to listserv@unc.edu. Leave the subject field blank and in the body of the message type ‘subscribe DataUseNet.’ For example: To: listserv@unc.edu From: youremail@youremail.com Subject: Subscribe Data Use Net
67. MEASURE Evaluation is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development and is implemented by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partnership with Futures Group International, ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. The views expressed in this presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
