This document is served as speech material at RSGT2020

1. Scrum X Army
(Maintain maximized velocity with 24/7 sprint)
January 9th, 2020
Regional Scrum Gathering Tokyo 2020
Woohyeok Aaron Kim (@woosyume)
Rakuten, Inc.

2. 2
Index
• Army
(軍隊はどういうところなのか)
• Scrum / Sprintin Army
• How Army maintains MaximizedVelocity
(Velocityを管理する方法)
• Suggestion(提案)

3. 3
Woohyeok Kim
# Certified Scrum Master
# Speaker at SeleniumConf etc.
# Favorite Lang : Korean, Java
Leading E2E Test Automation at Rakuten Ranking
Commit to ‘NO maintenance cost’
Head for integration with our container
Organizing JSUC Kansai (Japan Selenium User Community)
Organize E2E Test Automation Day 2019
Hold study community periodically
Frontend Team Scrum Master
For maximized and stable velocity
ウヒョク キム

4. 4
Ex-Captain
Commander
General Manager : Intelligence Dept.
• Leader of 1 company, Artillery
• Analyzing intelligence related with North Korea
• Predict posture / tactics of North Korea
• Security

5. 5
政治や軍事的などの敏感なテーマは扱っておりませんので、
ご安心ください

6. 6
Happy New Year

7. 7
New Year give us dream
【Pexel, https://images.pexels.com/, 2019/12/24 】

8. 8
But I was unhappy one on January
Cold Weather Training
(日本では) 陸上自衛隊冬季戦技教育隊
【 News1, http://news1.kr/photos/details/?1194660, 2019/12/24 】
【 Kqnews, http://www.kgnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=537470, 2019/12/24 】

9. 9
But I was unhappy one on January
Snow is white GARBAGE
雪は綺麗なものではなく、白いゴミに過ぎない
【 joins, https://news.joins.com/article/22889634, 2019/12/24 】

10. 10
Scrum is Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time
As a scrum master of team,
I’ve studied Scrum.
The part was not only Scrum style workflow
But also history, background.
At that time, I found a book.
SCRUM :
The Art of
Doing
Twice
the Work
in Half
the Time

11. 11
Jeff used to say this expression
“Why don’t you often diagnose your process?”
“Improvement doesn’t add something new
, but exclude unnecessary things.”
“Figure out counterpart’s mind via OODA loop”
【 Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Sutherland, 2019/12/24 】

12. 12
Jeff Sutherland
Co-creator of Scrum
He says that Scrum is Art
【 Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Sutherland, 2019/12/24 】
【 LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffsutherland, 2019/12/24 】

13. 13
What is ‘West Point’
Duty
Honor
Country
United States Military Academy
It’s similar with National Defense Academy of Japan
【 Wikipedia, https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/陸軍士官学校_(アメリカ合衆国), 2019/12/24 】
America’s Best colleges 2009, Forbes
America’s history itself
Celebrities such as Eisenhower, MacArthur
graduated from West Point

14. 14
Army

15. 15
Characteristics (1) : Conservative (保守的)
DEFCON(Defense Readiness Condition)
Vertical
• The reason why army exists is for protecting PEACE
• Peace cannot be guaranteed by conversation, negotiation only
• Power is essential to maintain balanced international relations with others
• Advice from upper ranker is not just advice but command
Sensitive
• Miss results in failure of mission
• Same miss cannot be allowed

16. 16
Characteristics (2) : High Turnover (入れ替わりが激しい)
In South Korea, all the men is drafted into the army
The term of military service is about 1.5 years
Capacity
/ year (%)
100
A battalion
Summer Winter

17. 17
Characteristics (2) : High Turnover (入れ替わりが激しい)
Capacity is just showing averaged value of each rank
Soldier’s capacity is quite extreme
Officer Noncom Officer Soldier

18. 18
Characteristics (3) : Make the impossible POSSIBLE (不可能を可能にする)
It looks a little abstract. Then let’s see that specifically.
Have you ever though about MOVING mountain to somewhere?

19. 19
Characteristics (3) : Make the impossible POSSIBLE (不可能を可能にする)
Even K-Drama(Pop) Stars also go to military service.
This rule allows of no exception
【 Wikipedia, https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A4%80%EA%B8%B0, 2019/12/24 】
【 nemopan, https://www.nemopan.com/pan_performer/5005813, 2019/12/24 】

20. 20
Characteristics (4) : Aggressive
Hey, close your eyes
目を閉じてみて

21. 21
Characteristics (4) : Aggressive (入れ替わりが激しい)
What can you see?
何が見える？
I can’t see anything
何も見えません

22. 22
Characteristics (4) : Aggressive (入れ替わりが激しい)
This is your future
これがお前の未来だ

23. 23
Goal (1) : Maximize fighting capability (戦闘力を最大化する)
VS

24. 24
Goal (2) : Maintain the maximized capability (最大化した能力を保つ)

25. 25
Army can be defined as ‘Scrummed’ Society (軍隊はスクラム化した社会)
Fighting
Capability
Victory
Drill
Team
Velocity
Success
Study
Team

26. 26
Scrum in Army

27. 27
Organization (組織)

28. 28
Product Backlog
Usual operation
Business request
...
…
…
Usual Training
Senior Force Instruction
Trench Construction
Security Audit
…

29. 29
Sprint Backlog
UI Kaizen Physical Strength Kaizen
Ability
Team Dev
Success
Fighting
Capability
Team Drill
Victory

30. 30
Communication
Weekly Retrospective : 30min
• Attendees : All members including sergeant
• Goal
• Evaluate weekly activities
• Good points / Improvable points
• Share the latest information
• Each dept.
• Intelligence, Operation
• Personnel
• Etc.
• Attendees : All Officers
• Goal
• Set a weekly goal
• Share each projects from each dept.
• Daily planning is covered with this meeting
Weekly Planning : 30min
Army doesn’t use ’Scrum’ explicitly but they have similar system with it

31. 31
Communication
Daily Intelligence Reporting Conference : 30min
Daily Retrospective : 30min
• Attendees : All Officers
• Activity :
• REPORTING enemy’s posture
• REPORTING what we did yesterday, what will we do today and trouble
• Attendees : All Officers
• Goal
• Evaluate daily activities
• Good point / Improvable point
Army doesn’t use ’Scrum’ explicitly but they have similar system with it

32. 32
Shippable Product

33. 33
Sprint
Product Backlog
…
WORK IN PROGRESS
IN PROGRESS IN TEST Pending
Sprint Backlog
…

34. 34
Sprint
DONEOGRESS
Pending
…
Parallel
Sprint
IN REVIEW
24HOURS
7DAYS

35. 35
Sprint in Army

36. 36
Planning for 24/7
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Evaluation
Retrospec
tive
Planning scope is weekday but it actually can be delayed

37. 37
Planning for 24/7
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Training
Activities
Retrospec
tive
Evaluation
Retrospec
tive
Planning scope is weekday but it actually can be delayed
Sat
Follow-up
Sun
Follow-up

38. 38
Progress Sharing like Daily Scrum
Daily based progress sharing meeting is held at every morning like Daily Scrum
‘Done’ tasks already are shared yesterday’s review meeting
• Weather
• Posture of Enemy
• Latest target
• Security related
Intelligence Dept. (情報部)
• Instructions from senior force
• Posture of Friendly minions
• Training proposal
Operation Dept. (作戦部)
• Recruit / Veteran (退役)
• Events
Personnel Dept. (人事部)
• Stock
• Meals
• Arms
Logistics Dept. (軍守部)

39. 39
Unlimited Review / Retrospective
• Maximize Scrum’s merit
• Demonstration
• Perform Test Fire(模擬射撃)
• Daily / Weekly Base
• Timing is totally RANDOM
【 kookbang, http://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/m/20160819/5/BBSMSTR_000000010023/view.do, 2019/12/24 】

40. 40
What Activities in there?

41. 41
Basic Daily Plan (日間活動計画)
Time Contents Remark
06:30
- 08:30
Roll-Call(点呼)
Stretching
08:30
- 09:00
Preparation
09:00
- 17:00
Training
17:00
- 21:30
Free Time
21:30
- 22:00
Roll-Call
Time Contents Remark
06:00
- 08:30
Roll-Call(点呼)
Stretching
08:30
- 09:00
Preparation
09:00
- 17:00
Training Summer Time
17:00
- 21:30
Free Time
21:30
- 22:00
Roll-Call

42. 42
Training
• Training is the most basic activity
• Stamina, Shooting, Tactics etc.
• All trainings are based on yearly plan
• It’s same with application development for software engineer
• Soldiers need to pass all tests for each course
【 joins, https://news.joins.com/article/15757958, 2019/12/24 】
【 wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/, 2019/12/24 】

43. 43
Work
• All soldiers don’t necessarily attending to training
• Some soldiers support army as administrative clerk
• HR
• Process applications (paid holiday etc.)
• Resource Management
• Driver
• PX(Post Exchange)
【 newsis, http://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20150108_0013402018, 2019/12/24 】

44. 44
Fighting Activities
• Continuous training results in
• Stress
• Depression
• As a resolution Physical activity
increases
• Physical strength
• Team Spirit
【 kookbang, http://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/, 2019/12/24 】

45. 45
Fighting Activities
• Continuous training results in
• Stress
• Depression
• As a resolution Physical activity
increases
• Physical strength
• Team Spirit
【 starnews, http://star.mt.co.kr/ , 2019/12/24 】

46. 46
Maintaining Velocity

47. 47
Logical Base : The Art of War (孫子の兵法)
A fog cannot be dispelled with a fan
上下の欲を同じうするものは勝つ
【 joins, https://news.joins.com/article/ 6540150, 2019/12/24 】
【 ohmynews, http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001578322,. 2019/12/24 】

48. 48
In HR aspect

49. 49
Stipulating each roles (各組織・メンバーの役割を明文化)
Battalion(大隊)
Company(中隊)
Platoon(小隊)
• All roles are stipulated in STATIC operation manual
• All roles have expected STATIC behavior
Rifle Man 1 is …
Rifle Man 2 is …
Rifle Man 3 supports Rifle Man 1
Machine Gun Man is …
Platoon 1’s mission is …

50. 50
Stipulating each roles (各メンバーの役割を明文化)
• Soldier get a pocket book that his mission is written from the first day (such kind of OJT)
• He can easily understand what to do
• Of course the pocket book is CONFIDENTIAL
【 caomi, http://www.coami.co.kr/m/goods/view.php?goodsno=186787942, 2019/12/24 】

51. 51
3G Mentoring (３世代にわたるメンタリング)
• In army, mentoring system consists of three generations.
• General mentoring system has 1 on 1 mapping (mentor and mentee)
• Senior of Senior / Senior / Junior
• Soldiers say it as Grandfather / Father / Son
• Based on Service Period and Role
• Example : Repair man
• Grandfather : 1 ~ 1.5 years
• Father : 6months ~ 1 year
• Son : New comer
• Merit
• Able to see Advanced level
• Minimize empty mentoring
• Increased belonging
【 pexel, https://www.pexels.com/search/grandfather/ , 2019/12/24 】

52. 52
SUB PIC for all tasks
• To minimize load from delayed decision making
Main Sub

53. 53
Mission Sliding
• In army, it’s usual to die someone who is PIC of something

54. 54
Mission Sliding
• In army, it’s usual to die someone who is PIC of something

55. 55
Mission Sliding
• In army, it’s usual to die someone who is PIC of something

56. 56
1on1 with variety of layers (多様なレイヤとの話し合い)
• Based on ‘The Art of War’, manager need to understand what is soldier’s needs properly
• To grasp their needs correctly, Army performs many kinds of 1 on 1 meeting
A soldier Sergeant First Sergeant Second Lieutenant

57. 57
Letter of Heart (心の手紙)
• Able to get FINAL resolution if he couldn’t get answer so far
• Soldier uses secret post box as whistleblower
• The post box is located on variety area such as toilet, corridors
A soldier Battalion Commander
Direct
!? !? !?
“I’m having a trouble,
But my supervisor doesn’t
listen to what I say.”

58. 58
In Eduaspect

59. 59
Advanced Case Study
• Expected mission of each role depends on situation.
• For example, the expected mission of Rifle Man 1 when he offenses is NOT same with it of defense
Situation A
…
Situation B
…
Situation C
…
Rifle Man

60. 60
Noticeable Benchmark
• Soldier must make sure that his mission is FEASIBLE
• → Actually, ’Make impossible to possible’ is based on this.
• Soldier must understand GOAL of the mission
• Soldier must judge his own level for the mission BY HIMSELF
C
B
A
S“I can be S level soldier
If I can do a little further!” Current level

61. 61
Retrospective for ALL tasks
• All activities such as training, evaluating include retrospective meeting
• Army has 24/7 sprint so reviewed part can be the next trial IMMEDIATELY
• Soldiers repeat it continuously and are familiar with the trial more and more as Kaizen
• Soldiers who completed mission can be winner of citation
【 jonghapnews, http://www.jonghapnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=269100, 2019/12/24 】

62. 62
In Authority aspect

63. 63
Like TOYOTA Motors’s Product Line
• Everyone including soldiers have right with high level for each tasks
• If there is something wrong, everyone can stop the process regardless of rank
• Post-Report can be allowed about taking actions for urgent issue
【 kookbang, http://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/newsWeb/20190429/1/BBSMSTR_000000010025/view.do, 2019/12/24 】

64. 64
In Happiness Aspect

65. 65
Variety of events
• There are many events to boost soldiers’ morale

66. 66
Army as One Team

67. 67
Team Performance Based (全ての評価プロセスはチームをベースに)
• All performances are evaluated as one team
• All tests are team based
• Promotion, Bonus depends on team’s performance
• Personal achievement is NOT important

68. 68
Army Scrum cannot be ANSWER

69. 69
Limitations Army has
Rankism
• Bottom-up is NOT easy

70. 70
Limitations Army has
Limited
time

71. 71
Limitations Army has
3M
Muri / Muda / Mura

72. 72
But it can be References

73. 73
Suggestion : HR
• Analyze member’s needs with 3G Mentoring(1:1:1) and multiple 1on1
A soldier Sergeant First Sergeant
Senior
Veteran

74. 74
Suggestion : Evaluation
• Team Based Evaluation
• There is NO ‘I’ in Team

75. 75
Suggestion : Evaluation
• Team Based Evaluation
• There is NO ‘I’ in Team

76. 76
Suggestion : Others
• Create noticeable benchmark and Support members to achieve it
• Retrospective for ALL including trouble (e.g. PostMortem)
• Minimize resource
• Don’t create UNNECESSARY document
• Basis : The document will be read or not?
• Integrated Data Management
• According to one document, terrorism like 9.11 seems to be able to be
prevented with existing intelligence
Knowledge Base

77. 楽天、大阪でも開発やってます!!