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An idiot’s guide to PbR & why clinical
coding is important

              Martin Gray
The language of PbR
  FCE       finished consultant

  Spell     patient activity,admission to discharge

 ICD-10     international classification of

 OPCS       procedure

  HRG       healthcare resource

  Grouper
            ICD/OPCS code information combine to
            generate HRG
The coding journey
✦ patient notes & DS completed by clinician
✦ coders assign ICD-10 code
✦ coders assign OPCS code
✦ information team pushes coded data
  through grouper to generate HRG
✦ HRG grouped activity is then assigned a
  cost
✦ Hospital receives payment at national tariff
  level
Format of HRG4




            PA 15 B
Format of HRG4

   Acute Respiratory




                       PA 15 B
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory




                         PA 15 B
Chapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory




                         PA 15 B
Chapter




                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number




                         PA 15 B
Chapter




                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number   Split




                         PA 15 B
Chapter




                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number   Split




                         PA 15 B
Chapter
                                       In this case ‘B’
                                       means no
                                          complication
                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number    Split




                         PA 15 B
Chapter
                                        In this case ‘B’
                                        means no
                                           complication
                Subchapter


                Acute Bronchiolitis with no
                 complication or comorbidity
Format of HRG4




            PA 15 A
Format of HRG4

   Acute Respiratory




                       PA 15 A
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory




                         PA 15 A
Chapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory




                         PA 15 A
Chapter




                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number




                         PA 15 A
Chapter




                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number   Split




                         PA 15 A
Chapter




                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number   Split




                         PA 15 A
Chapter
                                       In this case ‘A’
                                       means with
                                          complication
                Subchapter
Format of HRG4

     Acute Respiratory       Number    Split




                         PA 15 A
Chapter
                                        In this case ‘A’
                                        means with
                                           complication
                Subchapter


                Acute Bronchiolitis with
                 complication or comorbidity
Cost breakdown
✦ PA15B - Bronchiolitis
✦ Basic Tariff for admission £943
✦ Trim point 8 days
✦ Tariff per day for long stays £280/day

✦ 5 day Bronchiolitis admission £943
Cost breakdown
✦ PA15A - Bronchiolitis with
  comorbidity or complication
✦ Basic Tariff for admission £2005
✦ Trim point 14 days
✦ Tariff per day for long stays £280/day

✦ 5 day Bronchiolitis admission £2005
Spells, Unbundling & FCEs

                  FCE
                    FCE
                        FCE
                          FCE
                              FCE
Spells, Unbundling & FCEs

                     FCE
                        FCE
                           FCE
                               FCE
                                   FCE



                 RA01Z               ➡   MRI scan
                   XD23Z             ➡   High Cost Drug
                     XB02Z           ➡   PICU
                       QZ14B         ➡   PICC Line
     Unbundled                       ➡   Palliative Care
     HRGs                  SD04B
Spells, Unbundling & FCEs

  FCE HRGs
  grouped from all the       FCE
  procedures and
  diagnoses in the FCE          FCE
                                   FCE
                                       FCE
                                           FCE



                         RA01Z               ➡   MRI scan
                           XD23Z             ➡   High Cost Drug
                             XB02Z           ➡   PICU
                               QZ14B         ➡   PICC Line
           Unbundled                         ➡   Palliative Care
           HRGs                    SD04B
Spells, Unbundling & FCEs

  FCE HRGs
  grouped from all the       FCE
  procedures and
  diagnoses in the FCE          FCE
                                   FCE                      PA15B
                                       FCE
                                           FCE                     Spell HRG
                                                                   grouped from all the
                                                                   procedures and
                                                                   diagnoses in the Spell

                         RA01Z               ➡   MRI scan
                           XD23Z             ➡   High Cost Drug
                             XB02Z           ➡   PICU
                               QZ14B         ➡   PICC Line
           Unbundled                         ➡   Palliative Care
           HRGs                    SD04B
Spells, Unbundling & FCEs

  FCE HRGs
  grouped from all the               FCE
  procedures and
  diagnoses in the FCE                  FCE
                                           FCE                      PA15B
  You can get one core and one
  or more unbundled HRGs per                   FCE
  FCE/Spell
                                                   FCE                     Spell HRG
                                                                           grouped from all the
                                                                           procedures and
                                                                           diagnoses in the Spell

                                 RA01Z               ➡   MRI scan
                                   XD23Z             ➡   High Cost Drug
                                     XB02Z           ➡   PICU
                                       QZ14B         ➡   PICC Line
           Unbundled                                 ➡   Palliative Care
           HRGs                            SD04B
Spells, Unbundling & FCEs

  FCE HRGs
  grouped from all the               FCE
  procedures and
  diagnoses in the FCE                  FCE
                                           FCE                      PA15B
  You can get one core and one
  or more unbundled HRGs per                   FCE
  FCE/Spell
                                                   FCE                     Spell HRG
                                                                           grouped from all the
  Individual FCE HRGs may be                                               procedures and
  different from the Spell HRG                                             diagnoses in the Spell

                                 RA01Z               ➡   MRI scan
                                   XD23Z             ➡   High Cost Drug
                                     XB02Z           ➡   PICU
                                       QZ14B         ➡   PICC Line
           Unbundled                                 ➡   Palliative Care
           HRGs                            SD04B
The discharge summary
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities

      Investigations
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities

      Investigations

       Procedures
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities

      Investigations

       Procedures

     High cost drugs
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis          Chest infection

      Co-morbidities

      Investigations

       Procedures

     High cost drugs

                       = Basic tariff
The discharge summary
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia

      Investigations
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia

      Investigations      CT chest
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia

      Investigations      CT chest

       Procedures
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia

      Investigations      CT chest

       Procedures         PICC line
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia

      Investigations      CT chest

       Procedures         PICC line

     High cost drugs
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis     Chest infection

      Co-morbidities     Leukaemia

      Investigations      CT chest

       Procedures         PICC line

     High cost drugs     Antifungals
The discharge summary
     Main Diagnosis           Chest infection

      Co-morbidities            Leukaemia

      Investigations             CT chest

       Procedures                PICC line

     High cost drugs            Antifungals

                       = Enhanced tariff
The quality of Discharge
     Summaries is
  fundamental to our
  revenue generating
      capabilities

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Why clinical coding is important for doctors

  • 1. An idiot’s guide to PbR & why clinical coding is important Martin Gray
  • 2. The language of PbR FCE finished consultant Spell patient activity,admission to discharge ICD-10 international classification of OPCS procedure HRG healthcare resource Grouper ICD/OPCS code information combine to generate HRG
  • 3. The coding journey ✦ patient notes & DS completed by clinician ✦ coders assign ICD-10 code ✦ coders assign OPCS code ✦ information team pushes coded data through grouper to generate HRG ✦ HRG grouped activity is then assigned a cost ✦ Hospital receives payment at national tariff level
  • 4. Format of HRG4 PA 15 B
  • 5. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory PA 15 B
  • 6. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory PA 15 B Chapter
  • 7. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory PA 15 B Chapter Subchapter
  • 8. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number PA 15 B Chapter Subchapter
  • 9. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number Split PA 15 B Chapter Subchapter
  • 10. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number Split PA 15 B Chapter In this case ‘B’ means no complication Subchapter
  • 11. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number Split PA 15 B Chapter In this case ‘B’ means no complication Subchapter Acute Bronchiolitis with no complication or comorbidity
  • 12. Format of HRG4 PA 15 A
  • 13. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory PA 15 A
  • 14. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory PA 15 A Chapter
  • 15. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory PA 15 A Chapter Subchapter
  • 16. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number PA 15 A Chapter Subchapter
  • 17. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number Split PA 15 A Chapter Subchapter
  • 18. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number Split PA 15 A Chapter In this case ‘A’ means with complication Subchapter
  • 19. Format of HRG4 Acute Respiratory Number Split PA 15 A Chapter In this case ‘A’ means with complication Subchapter Acute Bronchiolitis with complication or comorbidity
  • 20. Cost breakdown ✦ PA15B - Bronchiolitis ✦ Basic Tariff for admission £943 ✦ Trim point 8 days ✦ Tariff per day for long stays £280/day ✦ 5 day Bronchiolitis admission £943
  • 21. Cost breakdown ✦ PA15A - Bronchiolitis with comorbidity or complication ✦ Basic Tariff for admission £2005 ✦ Trim point 14 days ✦ Tariff per day for long stays £280/day ✦ 5 day Bronchiolitis admission £2005
  • 22. Spells, Unbundling & FCEs FCE FCE FCE FCE FCE
  • 23. Spells, Unbundling & FCEs FCE FCE FCE FCE FCE RA01Z ➡ MRI scan XD23Z ➡ High Cost Drug XB02Z ➡ PICU QZ14B ➡ PICC Line Unbundled ➡ Palliative Care HRGs SD04B
  • 24. Spells, Unbundling & FCEs FCE HRGs grouped from all the FCE procedures and diagnoses in the FCE FCE FCE FCE FCE RA01Z ➡ MRI scan XD23Z ➡ High Cost Drug XB02Z ➡ PICU QZ14B ➡ PICC Line Unbundled ➡ Palliative Care HRGs SD04B
  • 25. Spells, Unbundling & FCEs FCE HRGs grouped from all the FCE procedures and diagnoses in the FCE FCE FCE PA15B FCE FCE Spell HRG grouped from all the procedures and diagnoses in the Spell RA01Z ➡ MRI scan XD23Z ➡ High Cost Drug XB02Z ➡ PICU QZ14B ➡ PICC Line Unbundled ➡ Palliative Care HRGs SD04B
  • 26. Spells, Unbundling & FCEs FCE HRGs grouped from all the FCE procedures and diagnoses in the FCE FCE FCE PA15B You can get one core and one or more unbundled HRGs per FCE FCE/Spell FCE Spell HRG grouped from all the procedures and diagnoses in the Spell RA01Z ➡ MRI scan XD23Z ➡ High Cost Drug XB02Z ➡ PICU QZ14B ➡ PICC Line Unbundled ➡ Palliative Care HRGs SD04B
  • 27. Spells, Unbundling & FCEs FCE HRGs grouped from all the FCE procedures and diagnoses in the FCE FCE FCE PA15B You can get one core and one or more unbundled HRGs per FCE FCE/Spell FCE Spell HRG grouped from all the Individual FCE HRGs may be procedures and different from the Spell HRG diagnoses in the Spell RA01Z ➡ MRI scan XD23Z ➡ High Cost Drug XB02Z ➡ PICU QZ14B ➡ PICC Line Unbundled ➡ Palliative Care HRGs SD04B
  • 29. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis
  • 30. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection
  • 31. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities
  • 32. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Investigations
  • 33. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Investigations Procedures
  • 34. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Investigations Procedures High cost drugs
  • 35. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Investigations Procedures High cost drugs = Basic tariff
  • 37. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis
  • 38. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection
  • 39. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities
  • 40. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia
  • 41. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations
  • 42. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations CT chest
  • 43. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations CT chest Procedures
  • 44. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations CT chest Procedures PICC line
  • 45. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations CT chest Procedures PICC line High cost drugs
  • 46. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations CT chest Procedures PICC line High cost drugs Antifungals
  • 47. The discharge summary Main Diagnosis Chest infection Co-morbidities Leukaemia Investigations CT chest Procedures PICC line High cost drugs Antifungals = Enhanced tariff
  • 48. The quality of Discharge Summaries is fundamental to our revenue generating capabilities

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