..

1. PREDISPOSING FACTOR PRECIPITATING FACTORS
- AGE: 80 yrs. Old - DIET: eating foods rich in sugar, carbs, and fats
- Family History of DIABETES - LIFESTYLE: smoking, drinking alcohol
- Hereditary - Compliance: no maintenance of meds. for DM
Exhaustion of beta cells occurs
Altered pancreatic insulin production
Decreased insulin production
Decreased absorption of glucose by the cells
Glucose is unable to enter the cells
Glucose remains in the blood stream
HYPERGLYCEMIA (304
Increased serum glucose level mg/dl, 13.2 mg/dl)
Sluggish flow of Serum osmolarity Tissue perfusion Osmotic Glucose Glucose intake
blood pressure in concentration of cells
of kidney blood in urine
Blood viscosity
Impaired delivery ATP
of blood Impaired Failure to H20 from cell Reabsorption production
components Blood flow to the removal of initiate towards the of glucose in
organs and extremities waste erythropoietin blood renal tubule Energy for
normal cells
Inadequate
Tissue perfusion in functions
inflammatory Impaired Stimulation of Dehydration Osmotic
response nerves
removal of the bone pressure Cells
waste from marrow fails starvation
Nerve hypoxia Stimulation of
Microorganism blood H20 occurs
osmoreceptors
would enter the reabsorption
Segmental RBC
body at any route Stimulation of
demyelization Glucose level production thirst the hunger
exceeds renal decreased Urine output
mechanism
threshold
Infection occurs Nerve damaged POLYDIPSIA
RBC POLYURIA Hunger occurs
Impaired renal (4.5)
WBC (14.4), Excessive glucose is
Fnx
eusinophils converted into SORBITOL POLYPHAGIA
(7%) w/c accumulate in nerves Fatigue
Permeability
of the renal
Inadequate Sorbitol impairs
cell wall
nutritional motor nerve
support conduction
Filtration of
macro cells &
Poor Paresthesia, particles
wound numbness
healing
Sugar+2,
protein+2,
Decreased blood+5, RBC
PR (60 bpm) >100/hpf
DIABETES MELLITUS
Pathophysiology of BPH

2. Thickening of the cardiac blood vessels
wall
Plaque formation begins
Occlusion of the blood vessels occurs
Blockage of blood flow
Myocardial ischemia occurs + TROPONIN T
Half of the bundle of his
ST-T loss its function
abnormality
Decreased myocardial O2 supply
Left fascicular block occurs
Increased cellular hypoxia
Mild left
axis
Increased lactic acid production release CHEST PAIN deviation
of metabolites
Altered cell membrane functions
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
(ACS)
Ineffective Reduced right Decreased Backflow of Shifting of
Grade 2
right ventricular cardiac blood into the fluids into edema @
ventricular pumping output right atrium and interstitial lower
extremities
contractility ability peripheral spaces
circulation
SINUS DOB,
BRADYCARDIA fatigue, with
rales upon
auscultation
Ineffective Reduced left Decreased Backflow of
left ventricular cardiac blood into the Pulmonary Pulmonary
ventricular pumping output left atrium and congestion edema
contractility ability lungs
HEART FAILURE

3. PREDISPOSING FACTORS PRECIPITATING FACTORS
- AGE: 80 yrs. Old - SMOKING
- FAMILY HISTORY OF BPH - WITH DM, HF, AND MI
- NORMAL BODY CHANGES
As man’s age increased Deterioration of the blood vessel in the
prostate gland increased prostate
Androgen Blood flow becomes abnormal and 02
supply impaired
Testosterone
Dihydrosterone
Binds to nuclear
androgen receptors
Signals growth factors Stimulation of cell growth
HYPERPLASIA
Encroaches upon the
Increased size of prostate Overwhelms the detrusor
bladder neck occurs
muscles ability to ensure
effective bladder
evacuation by micturition
Reduced ability to funnel
in response to micturition
UTI (1-2 PUS
CELLS), Obstruction occurs Increase urethral
HEMATURIA
resistance
LUTS
Feeling of
Dribbling of Increased daytime URGENCY NOCTURIA
incomplete
urine voiding frequency
emptying of
the bladder
POLYURIA
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA