1. The book is a bilingual documentary containing authenticated information about the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in both Arabic and English.
2. It provides details on the establishment of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the roles of important figures like Dr. Mustafa El-Abbadi, UNESCO, President Hosni Mubarak, and Suzanne Mubarak in its founding.
3. The book also describes the architecture and components of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina building as well as its collections, manuscripts, and document management systems.
2.
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
The lamp of Science, the Source of Knowledge
()ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ
The Main Building, The Planetarium and The Conference Centre
It is a bilingual book ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ
prepared by Faress Awad
Abonnour-Faress Oxford – who ﻋﻭﺽ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ – ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻜﺴﻔﻭﺭﺩ
is specialized in English language – ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻯ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ
and literature in addition to
being specialized in studying
heritage. . ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ
Faress Awad ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ
7.
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
The Lamp of Science, the Source of Knowledge
1- The book in hand is in both ١- ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴﻙ ﻫﻭ
Arabic and English.
.ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ
2- It is a documentary book ٢- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
containing authenticated
ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
information about the world’s
.ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ
most famous library.
3- It benefits those who work in the ٣- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ
field of translation from Arabic
into English and vice versa. .ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ
4- It benefits the Arabs studying ٤- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ
English and the English studying
.ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ
Arabic.
5- It benefits the Arabs and the ٥- ﺇﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ
English who are interested in
history and heritage. .ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ
9. Introducing The Writer
I am specialized in English ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ
language and in translation from the
ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ
English language into Arabic and
vice versa. But studying and ﺍﻹﻨﻜﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺱ ، ﻟﻜﻥ
researching in heritage are my ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻫﻭﺍﻴﺘﻲ
.ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ
favourite hobbies.
On studying any sign of ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺃﻟﺠﺄ ﺍﻟﻰ
heritage, I refer to authenticated
books in addition to contacting ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ
specialists to provide me with true
information about any sort of ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ ﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻱ
heritage . .ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ
After getting what I want about ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻲ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ
the sign of heritage, I begin to write ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ
ﺃﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﻰ
down the acquired information so
ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻪ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ
that the reader can benefit by it.
. ﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ
That has been done when ﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
thinking of writing a book about ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina. I got
ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ
contacted with well-cultured
ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
people. I got good and
authenticated information by ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺫﻭﻱ
reading several books relating to ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina. .ﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ
Faress Awad ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ
11. What is the Book about?
ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
The Book in hand is a ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻴﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ
documentary and memorial book
which narrates the story of the ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻲ ﻭﺘﺫﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻴﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
world's most famous library. .ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ
The book tells the story of the ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﺤﻜﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
ancient Library which ranked as a
world wonder and how it came to ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ
be revived. .ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻭﻟﺩﺕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ
The Book is divided into five parts: : ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ
In the first part, the Book gives ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ
historical information about the ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ
establishment of Alexandria, then ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
the ancient Library with its famous ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺫﻜﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
scholars and concludes with ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺃﺜﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺜﻡ
reference to the contents of the ﻴﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ
ancient Library. .ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
In the second part, the Book ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
refers to the end of the Legend and ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ
mentions some opinions concerning ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ
the end.
. ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ
In the third part, the Book ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
displays the calls for the revival
ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻨﺎﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ
and the roles played by Dr Mustafa
Al-Abbadi, Mrs Suzanne Mubarak,
ﻟﻌﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ
UNESCO and finally the role of ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ
president Mubarak who made the ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺠﻌل
Library get up out of its sleep and ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﻨﻬﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺯﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺨﺭ
stand in pride by Alexandria's
.ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
waterfront.
12. In the fourth part, the Book
displays the idea of establishing the
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ
new Edifice which is a revival of ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ
the ancient Library. It shows how
the modern Edifice has been ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺫﻟﻙ
established and also shows its
shape and components. .ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﻭﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ
In the fifth part, the Book
displays the contents of the Library
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
after the revival. As well, it shows ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ
the most famous documents and
manuscripts and speaks about the ﻤﻥ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
Acquisitions Department and its
role. .ﻋﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ
The Book contains important ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺼﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ
pictures of the Library's divisions,
the reading rooms and some ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ
documents and manuscripts. .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ
14. Dedication
But for the existence of the present ﻟﻭﻻ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina, I would
not have thought of issuing this ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻗﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ
Book and I would not have been
known to the reader. Therefore, I ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻋﺭﻓﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ
dedicate this Book to all those who ﻟﺫﺍ ﺃﻫﺩﻯ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻴﺩ
participated in the revival process
and to all those who keep the ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
library to sustain.
. ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ
I dedicate this book to ……. ..... ﺍﻫﺩﻱ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ
1- President Hosni Mubarak ١- ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ
The man who issued Law ١ ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺍﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ
No. 1 for 2001 concerning the ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Library of Alexandria and its ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ
components then the Presidential
Decree No. 76 for 2001 about ﺍﻟﺭﺌﺎﺴﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ
the manner of its management ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﺫﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ
and decided to be its patron. .ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻋﻴﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ
2- Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak ٢- ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ
The person who exerted ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﺫﻟﺕ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ
great efforts so that the great ﺠﻬﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ
edifice could come to existence. .ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ
15. 3- Dr. Mostafa Al-Abbadi ٣- ﺩ. ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ
The man who turned attention ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻟﻔﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ
to the idea of reviving Bibliotheca
Alexandrina and who had sowed the ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻏﺭﺱ
seed and paved the way for others to
irrigate it. .ﺍﻟﺒﺫﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻡ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻬﺎ
4- Dr. Lulfi Doweidar ٤- ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻟﻁﻔﻲ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ
The then president of the – ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ
University of Alexandria who
supported the idea of re-establishing ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺃﻴﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina and that ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻤﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ
paved the way to have a preparatory
committee formed to study the ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ
proposed project and to contact the ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ
ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ
concerned officials of the Egyptian
government and UNESCO. As well,
that made the University of ﻭﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ
Alexandria allocate a plot of land
. ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ
for building the proposed project.
5- United Nations Educational, ٥- ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ
Scientific and Cultural
Organization ( UNESCO) (ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ
That exerted great efforts so ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺒﺫﻟﺕ ﺠﻬﺩﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻴﺒﺯﻍ
ﹰ ﹰ
that the proposed revival project
could come to existence. .ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ
6- Dr Mohsen Zahran ٦- ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﻥ
Who played an essential role
making the design a reality till the ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ
magnificent Building came to ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻭﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻅﻬﺭ
existence. And now it stands in full
glory by the Mediterranean in ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺎ ﻤﺒﻬﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﻁﺊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭ
Alexandria . .ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ
16. 6- All those who work at the great ٧- ﻜل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ
Edifice Who give it soul and life. .ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﻁﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ
8- All those who are interested in ٨- ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ
science, culture, knowledge and the
values of right, justice and beauty. .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺩل ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎل
Fares Awad ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻭﺽ
18. General Introduction ﻤﻘﺩﻤــــــﺔ ﻋﺎﻤـــــﺔ
“Bibliotheca Alexandrina” is ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ
considered one of the most ancient ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﺫ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ
buildings upon the Earth as its ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ٥٩٢ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻬﺩ
establishment is rooted to the year
ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺼﺭ
295 B.C. during the reign of
Ptolemy I who followed Alexander ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻰ
the Great of Macedony who died in ﻋﺎﻡ ٣٢٣ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻴﻨﺎﻫﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ
323 B.C. at the age of 33. . ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ
When I thought to issue a book ﺇﻨﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻓﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ
about Bibliotheca Alexandrina, I
first got fortified with knowledge ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺼﻨﺕ
and true information so that the ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ
book could be a documentary one
about one of the most important ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﻥ
edifices of science and knowledge ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺼﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ
in the world. To achieve that I got
contacted with some documentary ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ
sources such as : : ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﻪ
1- “ The Legend of Alexandria, the ١- ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
story of the world’s most famous ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ " ﺃﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ
library” by Akhbar Al-Yom. ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺭﻓﻬﺎ
" ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ
2- Different websites about ٢- ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina .
. ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
3- “The History of Alexandria and
its civilization since Ancient
٣- "ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
times” ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ" ﻟﻤﺤﻤﺩ
By : Mohammad Awwad
Hassaneen ﻋﻭﺍﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ
19. 4- “History and Fate of the Old ٤- "ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺴﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ
Library of Alexandria” by Dr.
Mustafa Al- Abbadi. ﻭﻤﺼﻴﺭﻫﺎ" ﻟﻠﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ
Dear reader , ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ
The present Library of ﺇﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ
Alexandria is not a new plantation
but it is a revival and resurrection ﻏﺭﺴﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ ﺒل ﻫﻲ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺒﻌﺙ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
of the ancient Bibliotheca ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ
Alexandrina that remained hidden
in the memory of history for ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺘﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺩﻯ
centuries till the coming of those .ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ
ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺼﺒﺢ
ﹰ
who called for its revival and finally
those who turned the dream into a
real fact. .ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ
The person who studies the ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
history of Bibliotheca Alexandrina
has to go through three stages : :ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل
1- The Establishment Stage ١- ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ
2- The Destruction Stage . ٢- ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ
3- The Revival Stage . ٣- ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺙ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ
This book will take you through ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺴﻴﺄﺨﺫﻙ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل
the three stages till you come out of ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﺏ
the last door of the Present Edifice .
.ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ
20.
א
• ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
• ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
• ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
• ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
Part I
The Establishment
• The Establishment of Alexandria
• The Establishment of the Ancient Bibliotheca
Alexandrina
• The Scholars of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina
• The Holdings of the Ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina
21.
Chapter One
א
The Establishment of Alexandria
22. With Asia Minor and the ﺒﻌﺩ ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺁﺴﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺭﻯ ﻭﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ
eastern Mediterranean area under
ﺘﺤﺕ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ
his control, Alexander the Great of
Macedony headed for Egypt to
ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺒﺠﻴﻭﺸﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ
secure wheat for the Greek people ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ
and army. . ﻭﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺠﻴﺸﻪ
On his way north, Alexander ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل
admired a plot of land to establish a
fine metropolis. The location was ﺘﺴﺘﻬﻭﻴﻪ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﻴﻔﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ
extremely convenient as the Nile
water could be supplied to it and in ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
front of the land there was a small ﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻴل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ
island that could be a good defence
frontline. .ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ
The metropolis was designed ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ
and planned by Denocrates who ﺩﻴﻨﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁ ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ
divided it into five districts that ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﺇﻟﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ
were given Greek names.
. ﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ
It is noteworthy to say that ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ
Alexander the Great of Macedony
was a great military leader and a ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﺩﺍ ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺎ
man of creative thought. He ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺠﻼ ﺫﺍ ﻓﻜﺭ ﺨﻼﻕ ﺸﺠﻊ ﺭﺠﺎل
encouraged literary figures, artists
and philosophers. He was ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺴﻔﺔ ، ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﺩﻴﺩ
particularly fond of Homer and
carried the Iliad whenever he
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻫﻭﻤﻴﺭﻭﺱ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻠﺤﻤﺔ
travelled even in his military . ﺍﻹﻟﻴﺎﺫﺓ ﺭﻓﻴﻕ ﺃﺴﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺍﻭﺘﻪ
expeditions.
23. Alexander the Great of ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ
Macedony established Alexandria ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٣٣ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ
in 331 B.C. to be a port to serve
world commerce and to ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺨﻠﺩ
.immortalize his name ﺫﻜﺭﺍﻩ.
But eight years after the ﻟﻜﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ
,establishment of Alexandria ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٣٢٣ ﻕ.ﻡ.
namely in 323 B.C., Alexander died ﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺼﺎﺒﺘﻪ
of malaria in Babylon. He died at ﺒﻤﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺭﻴﺎ ﺍﺜﺭ ﻟﺩﻏﺔ ﺒﻌﻭﻀﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ
.the age of 33 years ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ٣٣ ﺴﻨﺔ .
24.
Chapter Two
א א
The Establishment of the Ancient
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
25. After the sudden death of ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺠﺌﺔ ﻟﻺﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ
Alexander the Great of Macedony,
-ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل-ﺴﻭﺘﻴﺭ
Ptolemy I, Sotir, took the throne
and made Alexandria capital of his ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺠﻌل ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺼﻤﺔ
kingdom. .ﻟﻤﻠﻜﻪ
Ptolemy I wanted to make ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻌل
Alexandria a world wonder and ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻋﺠﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻷﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ
because he was enthusiastic for
learning and discovery, he entrusted ﻤﺘﺤﻤﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻰ
Demetrius of Phalerum with ﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻴﺭﻱ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ
building a research centre, the ﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Mouseion, and a library to serve the
Mouseion Scholars. That was in ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﺎﻡ
295 B.C. .٥٩٢ ﻕ.ﻡ
The Mouseion and the Library ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻴﻘﻌﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ
were situated in the royal precinct
near the Ptolemaic palaces. The ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻗﺭﺏ ﻗﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ
location of the ancient Library was ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺠﺢ – ﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ
probably the same location of the
present Library which was chosen ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ
to revive the ancient Edifice. .ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ
The Mouseion and the ancient ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺓ
Library were the core of the Old
ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺠﺫﺒﺕ
University of Alexandrina that
attracted the great intellectuals such
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﺃﻤﺜﺎل
as Herophilos, Hipparchus, ﻫﻴﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﺒﺎﺭﺨﻭﺱ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ
Eratosthenes, and Archimedes. .ﻭﺍﺭﺸﻤﻴﺩﺱ
26. The Ptolemies did their best to ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺫل ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻗﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺠﻬﺩﻫﻡ
supply the ancient Library with
original copies of work produced at ﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ
the time. The original copies were ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ
taken from ships or from anywhere
else under their control then ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻥ
rewritten. The original copies were ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ
ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻲ
kept and the rewritten ones were
given to the owners of the original
copies. .ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ
The Ptolemies did their best to ﻟﻘﺩ ﺒﺫل ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻌﻬﻡ
supply the ancient Library with ﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﺕ
original copies of work produced at ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭﻫﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ
the time as in ancient Egypt
academic and scientific ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل
establishments such as research ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ
centres, libraries and other ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺭﻋﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﻜﺱ
institutions for learning were state-
sponsored unlike Greece where ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ
scientific institutions and libraries ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻠﻜﺎ
were privately owned and run. . ﺨﺎﺼﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ
The wealth of the ancient ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
Library was not only confined to ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻀﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ
scrolls but curators added more
grandeur to the place as well ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ
because they were not mere civil ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ
servants but they were ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺒل
distinguished scholars such as
Zenodotus, the epic poet, ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﺎل
Eratosthenes, the astronomer and ﺯﻴﻨﻭﺩﻭﺘﻭﺱ ﺸﺎﻋﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻡ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺘﻴﻥ
geographer, Aristarchus who ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﺃﺭﻴﺴﺘﺎﺭﺨﻭﺱ
ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ
published lyrics and Callimachus
who laid the principles of the
indexing system. . ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ
27. The ancient Library of ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﺩﺓ
Alexandria was unique as it offered
ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ
a new experience in history of
human knowledge and it sought to ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻌﺕ
house the knowledge and ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ
experience of others. But other
ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ
libraries were primarily local or
regional and were community- ﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ
based. .ﺒﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ
Thus, Bibliotheca Alexandrina ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
housed the treasures of human ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺩ
thought. It was universal as it ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ
included writings from various
ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺭﺓ
cultures that were worthly to be
read and studied. Under Potelmies ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ
these treasures were translated into ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﻭﺯ
Greek. . ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ
At that time the shape of the ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ
book was different from its present ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﺫ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻟﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ
shape. The book was a long scroll
ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ
and the writing was from right to
left if in Ancient Egyptian and from ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻴﻥ
left to right if in Greek. The scroll ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﺎﺌﻑ
was placed in a cylindrical case that ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ
was kept horizontally on the library
ﺍﺭﻓﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ
shelves. There were about 900.000
scrolls in all branches of ﺘﺴﻌﻤﺎﺌﺔ ﺃﻟﻑ ﺒﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ
knowledge. . ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ
28. Scholars made use of scribes ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ
and the fee of the scribe was
determined according to the quality ﺃﻭﻨﺎﺴﺨﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺤﺴﺏ
of the writing and the number of
lines. .ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﺭ
Callimachus, who laid the ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ
principles of the indexing system,
divided the Library according to ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ
topics. About the book itself, ﻭﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ
indexing involved recording the
origin of the book, the name of the ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ
owner, the name of the supplier, the ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﺭ
ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﺒﻌﻤل
sort of the book, the author or
authors, the number of lines and the
content of the book. As well, ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜل
Callimachus listed the authors in
. ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ
various branches of knowledge.
Thanks to the indexing system, ﺒﻔﻀل ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ
the reader did not find any
ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ
difficulty to get the needed book.
The system of indexing and ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻌﻠﻡ
bibliography has had a great effect ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل
not only on the ages that followed
ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ
Callimachus but on the indexing
scholars as well. . ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ
In 283 B.C., Ptolemy II ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٣٨٢ ﻕ.ﻡ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ
succeeded his father Ptolemy I. He ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻩ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﻗﺩ
arrested Demetrius of Phalerum and
exiled him to Delta where he died ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻡ
there. Ptolemy II did so because ﻨﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﺘﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ. ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ
Demetrius had advised Ptolemy I to ﻻﻥ ﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ
name another brother to be the heir
to the throne instead of himself. ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻟﻲ ﻋﺭﺸﻪ ﻻﺒﻥ ﺁﺨﺭ
.ﻏﻴﺭ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ
29. About half a century of the ﺒﻌﺩ ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﺭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ
establishment of Bibliotheca
ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻨﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ
Alexandrina, the Library
acquisitions grew to the extent that
ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﺭﻉ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ
an annex had to be built to store the ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ
books. The annex was a separate ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻨﻔﺼل ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻰ
location away from premises of the ﻭﺘﻭﺍﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ
main Library. It was called the
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ " ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﻨﺔ " ﻭﻗﺩ
“Daughter Library”. It was part of
the Serapeum which is now the ﻜﺎﻥ ﺠﺯﺀﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﺍﺒﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻪ
district of Amud Al Sawari. .ﺍﻵﻥ ﺤﻲ ﻋﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺭﻱ
30.
Chapter Three
א
Scholars of the Ancient Bibliotheca
Alexandrina
31. There were distinguished ﻟﻘﺩ ﻀﻤﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
scholars whose works enriched the
Library. They were Euclid of ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﺎل ﺇﻗﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ
Alexandrina, who was a leading
mathematician, Appolonius, the ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ
prominent scholar of geometry, ﻭﺩﻴﻤﺘﺭﻴﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻴﺭﻯ ﻤﻨﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ
Demetrius of Phalerum, the founder
of the Mouseion and the ancient ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻭل ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ
Library of Alexandria and the first
ﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ
curator of the Library, Callimachus,
the owner of the indexing system ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺜﺎﻟﺙ
and the second curator, Eratosthenes,
the philosopher and the third curator, ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻀﻤﺕ ﻫﻴﺒﺎﺘﻴﺎ
Hypatia of Alexandrina, the ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴﻭﻓﺔ
mathematist and the philosopher,
Zenodorus, the mathematician, ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭﺩﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺭﺸﻤﻴﺩﺱ
Archimedes, the mathematician and
Cludius Ptolemy, the astronomer.
ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﻠﻭﺩﻴﻭﺱ ﺒﻁﻠﻴﻤﻭﺱ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ
. ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻙ
32.
Chapter Four
א א
The Holdings of the Ancient Bibliotheca
Alexandrina
33. Through our knowledge of the ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
classical traditions and the
surviving papyri that include ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺱ
references to the Library, we could ﻟﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
have a brief list of the important
works that the ancient Library ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻻ
housed. .ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ
In poetry it housed works for ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ
Homer, Hesiod, Safo, Anakreon, ﻟﻬﻭﻤﻴﺭﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﺴﻴﻭﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﻓﻭ ﻭﺃﻨﺎﻜﺭﻴﻭﻥ
Simonides, Pendar, Bacchylides, ﻭﺴﻴﻤﻭﻨﻴﺩﺱ ﻭﺒﻨﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺒﺨﻴﻠﻴﺩﺱ ﻭ
Callimachus, Appolonius, ﻜﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﺨﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺜﻴﻭﻜﺭﻴﺘﺱ ﻭ
Theocretes and Aratoas. .ﺃﺭﺍﺘﻭﺍﺱ
In Drama it housed works for ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ
Acchylus, Sophacles, Euripides, ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻻ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﻴﻼﺱ ﻭﺴﻭﻓﺎﻜﻠﻴﺱ
Aristophanes, Menander and ﻭﻴﻭﺭﻴﺒﻴﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﻴﺴﺘﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻴﻨﺎﻨﺩﺭ
Starton. . ﻭﺴﺘﺎﺭﺘﻭﻥ
In criticism it housed works for ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل
Zenodotus, Aristophannes and ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺩ ﺯﻴﻨﻭﺩﻭﺘﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭﻓﺎﻥ
. ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭﻨﻴﻜﺱ
Aristonicus.
In philosophy it housed works ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
for Anaxmander, Parmenides,
ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﻔﻼﺴﻔﺔ ﺃﻨﺎﻜﺯﻤﻨﺩﺭ ﻭﺒﺎﺭﻤﻨﻴﺩﺱ
Heraclitus, Plato, Aristotle,
Theophrastus, Zeno, Epicuras, ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻴﺭﺍﻗﻠﻴﻁﺱ ﻭﺃﻓﻼﻁﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻁﻭ
Pyrrhon, Panaetius, Philon, ﻭﺜﻴﻭﻓﺭﺍﻁﺱ ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭ ﻭﺃﺒﻴﻘﻭﺭﺱ ﻭﺒﻴﺭﻫﻭﻥ
Apollonius and Plotinus.
. ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﺒﻭﻟﻭﻨﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺒﻠﻭﺘﻴﻨﺎﺱ
In history it housed works for ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
Hecataeus, Herodotus, Thucydides,
Zenophanes, Ephorus and ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻟﻬﻴﻜﺎﺘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﺭﻭﺩﻭﺕ ﻭﺜﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺩﺱ
Hecateus. . ﻭﺯﻴﻨﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻴﻔﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﻭﻫﻴﻜﺎﺘﻴﺎﺱ
35.
א א
Part II
The End of the Ancient
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
36. The End of the ancient Bibliotheca ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ
Alexandrina
Most ardent researchers and ﻟﻘﺩ ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ
investigators of Arab and other
nationalities agreed all that there are ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺜﻼﺙ
three main suggestions behind the end
of the ancient Bibliotheca ﺇﺤﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ
Alexandrina. .ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ
The First Suggestion: : ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل
It was said that the ancient ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﺈﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina was ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ٨٤ ﻕ.ﻡ ﻓﻲ
destroyed by a fire in the war with
ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭﺱ
Julius Caesar in 48 B.C.
. ﻗﻴﺼﺭ
The Second Suggestion: : ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ
It was said that the ancient ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina was
destroyed in 391 A.D. by Theophilus, ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٩٣ ﻡ
the patriarch of Alexandria, as he ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺜﻴﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﺭﻙ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
considered it a sign of idolatry. .ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﺎ ﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺜﻨﻴﺔ
The Third Suggestion: : ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ
It was said that the ancient ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺒﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina was
destroyed by the Arabs who conquered ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٤٦ﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ
Egypt under Amr Ibn Al-As in 642
A.D. upon an order of The Caliph ﻓﺘﺢ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ
Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. . ﺒﺄﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ
In reality, the first suggestion is ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻔﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ
the truest as when Julius Caesar came
ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ
to Egypt, the ancient Bibliotheca ﻷﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ
37. Alexandrina was at its climax of ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺝ ﻋﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭﺱ ﻗﻴﺼﺭ
greatness and it was destroyed as a
ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺩﻤﺭﺕ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻴﻕ
result of the great fire resulting from
the war with Julius Caesar. .ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻴﻭﻟﻴﻭﺱ ﻗﻴﺼﺭ
The second suggestion is not true ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺌﺏ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ
as in the time of the fanatic patriarch ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺭﻴﻙ ﺜﻴﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻏﻴﺭ
of Alexandria, Theophilus, there was ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ
ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﺫ
only the annex and the Serapeum
ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺩﻤﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ
which he destroyed, as signs of
ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺭﻴﻙ ﺜﻴﻭﻓﻴﻠﻭﺱ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
idolatry, and built a church instead.
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﺭﺍﺒﻴﺱ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﻤﺎ
.ﺭﻤﺯﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﻭﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ ﺒﺩﻻ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ
The third suggestion is not true ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭل
either, as the European historian
ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺭﺥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺒﻲ ﺃﻟﻔﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﺘﻠﺭ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺘﺤﻴﻥ
Alfred Batler said, because the Arab
conquerors were far from that barbaric ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺃﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ
line of thinking and conduct. . ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺒﺭﻱ
Thus, the ancient Bibliotheca ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺇﺨﺘﻔﺕ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
Alexandrina, which was a legend in
ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﺴﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ
the ancient world, had disappeared
since 48 B.C. till the time of President ﻭﻅﻠﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ ٨٤ ﻕ.ﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ
Hosni Mubarak of Egypt in the ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺼﺭ
concluding years of the 20th century
ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ
and the starting years of the 21st
century. .ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻴﻥ
Thanks to President Hosni ﻓﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﺯﻏﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Mubarak, Bibliotheca Alexandrina has
come to existence and got up of the ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻨﻬﻀﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻅل ﻓﻲ
memory of forgetfulness that it was
hidden in for centuries. . ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻟﻘﺭﻭﻥ
38.
א
• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ
(• ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ
• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ
• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ
• ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
Part III
The Revival
• The Role of Dr. Mustafa Al-Abbadi
• The Role of UNESCO.
• The Role of President Hosni Mubarak.
• The Role of Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak.
• Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina
39.
Chapter One
א א
The Role of Dr. Mustafa Al-Abbadi
40. Dr Mustafa Al-Abbadi, the then – ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ
professor of ancient history at the
University of Alexandria, is ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ
considered a pioneer of the callers
who called for the revival of the ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ – ﺭﺍﺌﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ
ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina. . ﻨﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ
The dream to revive the ancient ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina began at The ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٧٩١ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ
Teaching Staff Club of the University
of Alexandria in 1972. The dream ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ
began when Dr. Mustafa Al-Abbadi ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ
gave a lecture about the ancient
Bibliotheca Alexandrina and how it ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ
attracted scholars from all over the ﺇﺠﺘﺫﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻟﻴﺠﺘﻤﻌﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ
ancient world. He narrated how the
Ptolemies allocated large funds so as ﺭﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺍﺤﺘﻀﻥ ﺤﻜﺎﻡ
to establish a place where scholars ﺍﻟﺒﻁﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﺴﺨﺭﻭﺍ ﻜل ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﻡ
could gather to make their researches
and intellectual production. The place ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﺠﻤﻊ
was called the "Mouseion". The ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻌﻤل ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺜﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻱ
ancient Bibliotheca Alexandrina was
ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ
established to serve the Mouseion
scholars and provide them with the ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻐﺫﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ
needed books. .ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺴﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ
After listening to Dr. Al-Abbadi's ﺃﺸﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ
lecture, the enthusiasm of the
attendants, especially Dr. Lutfi ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ
Doweidar, the then president of the ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻟﻁﻔﻲ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ- ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ
Univeristy of Alexandria, rose. Then, ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ- ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ
41. a plot of land owned by the ﺒﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ
University was allocated for the
project and a preparatory committee . ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ
to study the proposed project was ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﺔ
created. ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺫ ﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ
ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ
The committee contacted the ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ
officials of the Egyptian government )ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ( ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ
and UNESCO. That had a great effect .ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ
on the proposed project.
42.
Chapter Two
א א א
( )א א
The Role of United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
(Organization)UNESCO
43. When UNESCO was ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ
approached, the response was ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ( ﺘﺤﻤﺴﺕ
favourable. It was enthusiastic to
contribute to that great universal and
ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺘﻪ
cultural project as it was extremely ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻤﻥ
important to revive the human ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻹﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ
heritage of one of the most famous
ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ
libraries of the ancient world:
Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Ahmed ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ . ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺇﻤﺒﻭ
Mukhtar Embu, the then Director of – ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ- ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ
UNESCO, made the first
ﺃﻭل ﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ
international appeal to support the
project. That was in 1987. The appeal ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٧٨٩١ﻡ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ
was again reiterated after that by ﻓﻴﺩﻴﺭﻜﻭ ﻤﺎﻴﻭﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﺼﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ
Federco Mayor when he was
.ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ
UNESCO Director.
44.
Chapter Three
א
The Role of President Hosni Mubarak
45. After UNESCO'S agreement to ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ
collaborate with the Egyptian ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ
government on the project, the ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ
foundation stone was laid in 1989 by
ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ
president Hosni Mubarak with the
attendance of UNESCO Director, a ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ
group of statesmen, the governor of ٩٨٩١ ﺒﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ
Alexandria, the president of the ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ
University of Alexandria and other
ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
important national and international
figures. ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ
.ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ
In 2001 Law No. 1 for 2001 was ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٠٠٢ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ
issued by president Hosni Mubarak, ٢٠٠١ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ
the people's Assembly agreed to it ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﻭﺼﺎﺩﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
and the Legislation Committee passed ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ
it into law. That Law mentioned the
ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ
components of the Library, the
ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ
affiliated bodies, the financial
resources, the budget and general
ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻤﻥ
taxes (Read chapter five: Laws for ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ )ﺇﻗﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ: ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina). (ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
46. Then in the same year, 2001, ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ١٠٠٢ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ
President Hosni Mubarak issued
Decree No. 76 for 2001 on ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina. The Decree
was about the organization of the ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ
supervision of the Library and the
manner of its management. The ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ
Decree also showed the
ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
administration staff of the Library,
responsibilities and conditions. (Read ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ )ﺇﻗﺭﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل
Chapter Five: Laws for Bibliotheca
Alexandrina). (ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ: ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
47.
Chapter Four
א א
The Role of Mrs. Suzanne Mubarak
48. In 1990, the honorary committee ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٠٩٩١ ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺭﻴﺔ
held a meeting under Mrs. Suzanne
ﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ
Mubarak in Aswan. The meeting was
attended by a large number of kings, ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻥ
presidents, princes and great world ﺤﻀﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ
figures. The meeting resulted in ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﻤﺭ
substantial financial contributions
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ
from various Arab heads of state in
addition to great contributions from ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ
various countries, institutions and ﺇﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل
individuals. At that meeting "The ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ، ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ
Aswan Declaration" was issued to
ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ " ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻥ" ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ
mark the occasion and which is
considered the birthday of the project ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
to revive Bibliotheca Alexandrina. ." ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
49.
Chapter Five
א א
Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina
50. Law No. 1 for 2001 ٢٠٠ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ
Law No. 1 for 2001 showed the ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ١ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ١٠٠٢ ﻡ
components of Bibliotheca
Alexandrina, the affiliated bodies, the ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ
financial resources, the budget and ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
general taxes. . ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ
The Law showed the components :ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻷﺘﻲ
of Bibliotheca Alexandrina as
follows:
1- A main building ١- ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
2- A planetarium ٢- ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ
3- A conference centre ٣- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ
The three buildings are called ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ "ﻤﺠﻤﻊ
"The compound of Bibliotheca
Alexandrina" " ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
That Law showed the affiliated ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ
bodies as follows: :ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ
1- An International Centre for ١- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ
Information Studies
2- A Centre for Documentation ٢- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ
and Research
3- A Science Museum ٣- ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ
4- A Calligraphy Institute ٤- ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﻟﻠﺨﻁﻭﻁ
5- A Manuscript Museum ٥- ﻤﺘﺤﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ
6- A Centre for the Preservation of ٦- ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻟﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ
Rare Books and Documents.
The Law showed the Financial ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
51. Resources of Bibliotheca Alexandrina : ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ
as follows:
1- State Allocations .١- ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺼﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ
2- Assistance, Gifts, Donations, ٢- ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺼﺎﻴﺎ
Bequests and Financial
Contributions from Egypt or ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ
abroad .ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ
3- Loans .٣- ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
4- Fees of the Library services and ٤- ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Earnings of the Library investment. ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ
.ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ
5- Other sources to be defined in .٥- ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ
accordance with the law.
As for the Budget of Bibliotheca ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
Alexandrina, the Law showed the
following: : ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ
1- The start and the end of the ١- ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ
Library’s fiscal year are identical
to those of the state general ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ
budget. .ﻟﻠﺩﻭﻟﺔ
2- The Library has a separate account ٢- ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ
in the Central Bank of Egypt or in
a Commercial bank subject to the ﻟﻬﺎ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ
approval of the Minister of
Finance. All proceeds of its ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ
resources are deposited in this ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ
account and any surpluses at the
end of the fiscal year is carried ﺤﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻴﺭﺤل ﻓﺎﺌﺽ
forward to the following year.
. ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ
As for Bibliotheca Alexandrina ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ
and the General Taxes, the Law
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﻌﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ
showed that the Library and its
52. affiliated bodies are exempt from ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻭﺍﺌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ
general taxes on surpluses and
ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﻭﻡ
revenues of its current activities and
from registration and declaration fees
ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻔﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻭﺭﺩﻩ
as well as duties on imports of ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ
scientific materiel. . ﺍﻟﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺭﻜﻴﺔ
Presidential Decree No. 76 for 2001 ﻟﺴ ﻨﺔ 67 اﻟﻘ ﺮار اﻟﺠﻤﻬ ﻮري رﻗ ﻢ
2001
Then in the same year the ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ
Presidential Decree No. 76 for 2001
on Bibliotheca Alexandrina was ٢٠٠١ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ٦٧ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ
issued. It was about the organization
of the supervision of the Library, the ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ
manner of its management and the ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ
conduct of its financial and
administrative affairs. .ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﺸﺌﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ
As for the Administration of ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the Library
is run by: : ﺘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل
1- A Council of Patrons ١- ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ
2- A Board of Trustees ٢- ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ
3- A Director- General ٣- ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
The Council of Patrons ﻡﺠﻠ ﺲ اﻟﺮﻋ ﺎة
The Council of Patrons is ﻱﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻘل
composed of a number of not less
than eight and not more than twenty ﻋﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ
four of prominent persons from ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺩﻭل
different parts of the world including
the Director – General of ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ
UNESCO. .ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻨﻴﺴﻜﻭ
The members of the Council of
Patrons are chosen by the president of
ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ
the Republic. . ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ
53. • The Chair of the Council of • ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ
Patrons is the president of the
Republic or his designate. . ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ
• The Minister of Higher Education • ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ
acts as secretary of the Council. .ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ
• The Council has the responsibility • ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺒﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ
of supporting the Library,
monitoring its activities and ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺴﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ
expressing its views on the
direction of such activities.
.ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ
• The Council meets once each three • ﻴﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺇﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ ﻜل ﺜﻼﺙ
years at the invitation of its chair. . ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻪ
The Board of Trustees ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ
The Board of Trustees is ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻘل
composed of a number of not less
than fifteen and not more than thirty ﻋﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ
eminent persons of intellectual or ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ
international experience, both
Egyptians and non-Egyptian, among ﺫﻭﻱ ﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ
whom five are ex-officio members of ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ
the Egyptian Government who are the
Minister of Higher Education, the ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻔﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻡ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ
Minister of Culture, the Minister of ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﺯﻴﺭ
Foreign Affairs, the Governor of
Alexandria and the president of the ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ
University of Alexandria. .ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
• The Chair of the Board of Trustees • ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﺭﻋﺎﺓ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ
is the Chair of the Council of
Patrons and the said chair chooses ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ
a member of the Board who is an ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺌﻪ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ
acting chair in case of the Chair’s ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ
absence. The duration of the
membership of the non-ex-officio ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻨﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ
members is two years after which . ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺙ ﻜل ﺴﻨﺔ
54. one third of the members is
renewed every year.
• The Board of Trustees is the • ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ
decision-making authority on the
matters of the Library and is
responsible for defining its general
ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ
policies, for the administration, for
the planning of its activities and ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻷﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﺎ
for the establishment of its
administrative and financial . ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ
regulations.
• The Board of Trustees meets once • ﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻜل ﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ
a year and can hold exceptional
meetings by invitation of its Chair ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺼﻑ
or at the request of not less than
half of its members. The meeting ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ
of the board is deemed legal if a
majority of the members are in ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﻀﺭﻩ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ
attendance and decisions are by
simple majority of those present. ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺄﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ
In case of equal votes, the side ﺍﻷﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻴﺭﺠﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ
with the presiding chair’s vote
prevails. . ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ
The Director-General of ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
The Director-General of the ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل
Library is appointed by the Board of
Trustees for a period of five years, ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻟﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺱ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ
renewable, and the Director- ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل
General’s compensation is also
determined by the Board of Trustees. .ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ
55. • The candidate must be a person of • ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻟﻤﻨﺼﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ
international standing, of a wide ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻤﻭﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻥ
background in the field of culture
and of the relevant managerial and ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺫﻭ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ
technical competence. . ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ
• The Director-General of the • ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ
Library is the chief executive
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻴﻨﺎﻁ ﺒﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ
officer of the Library and is
entrusted with the execution of the ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ
policies established by the Board ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﺤﻀﻭﺭ
of Trustees, preparing the agenda
for the Board meetings, the right to ﺠﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ - ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ
attend the meetings, but does not ﺼﻭﺕ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻭﻻﺕ - ﻭﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ
vote on decisions, being the head
of the Library staff and deciding ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ
matters of appointment, promotion ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺨﺩﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ
and termination of service in
accordance with the relevant legal ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺨﻀﻌﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ
statutes. He is the legal ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ
representative of the Library
before the judiciary and in its ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ
dealing with others. He sets the ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
administrative and financial
regulations and that would enable ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ
it to carry out its mission. He also ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ
sets the staff code in a manner that
is compatible with the Library’s
ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ
activities and that is the legal ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ
system that governs the
. ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ
relationship between staff and
Library.
56.
The Ipsissima Verba
of
The Laws for Bibliotheca Alexandrina
