The document discusses dynamic languages that run on the .NET framework, including IronRuby and IronPython. It provides an overview of dynamic typing, describes how the languages are compiled to an intermediate representation using the Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR), and discusses hosting dynamic code from various languages in .NET applications. Examples are given of calling Ruby and Python code from .NET and vice versa.

1. IRONLanguagesJimmy Schementijschementi@lab49.comjimmy.schementi.comDynamic Languages for the .NET developergithub.com/IronLanguages

2. JavaScriptTclMATLABRubySmalltalk

3. xkcd.com

4. Executes many common behaviors, at runtime, that other languages might perform during compilation, if at all.

5. Most are dynamically-typed, but not all.Dynamic TypingThe majority of its type checking is performed at run-time as opposed to at compile-time.

6. why?

7. Simple enough for non-programmers, capable enough for programmersprint File.read("foo.txt")name = "Jimmy"[1,2,3].each do |i| puts iendclass Foodefmethod_missing(m)puts "called: #{m}" endendFoo.new.dfhajsdhfl"-" * 79a.downcaserescue "No name"

8. Scripting LanguagesDynamic Languages

9. “Python, like many good technologies, soon spreads virally throughout your development team and finds its way into all sorts of applications and tools…Python scripts are used in many areas of the game.”Mustafa Thamer Civilization IV development team

11. http://www.unreal.com/media/banners/kismet1.jpg

12. http://logo.twentygototen.org/

13. Interactive>>> 2 + 24

14. .NET?

15. Dynamic Languages on .NETConsumers

16. Keep it SimplePythonRubydef fact n return 1 if n == 0 n * fact(n-1)endputs fact 13def fact(n): if n == 0: return 1 return n * fact(n-1)print fact(13)C#using System;public class MathClass { public static int Factorial(int n) { if (n == 0) return 1; return n * Factorial(n – 1); } public static void Main(string[] args) {Console.WriteLine(Factorial(13)); }}

17. Ecosystem exchange.NET gets Python and Ruby world, and Ruby/Python gets .NET worldRuby on Rails/Django/RSpec/etc on .NETScripting the .NET frameworkDriving .NET code from scripts for testing, exploration, etc.DSL-like characteristicsHostingIn-Application extensibility / customizationTreating code as data (or configuration)Discussion on best practices

18. Scripting the .NET frameworkDriving .NET code from scriptsDomain-specific languagesCompiler Geek-OutHigh-level discussion on how compilers work and what the DLR does.HostingIn-Application extensibility / customizationTreating code as data (or configuration)Discussion on best practices

19. DemoScripting .NET

20. rb> puts 2 + 2 4# => nil

21. traditional compiler front-endScanToken streamdef add(): return 2 + areturn2+aParseSyntax Treereturn addNamed(a)Const(2)

22. IronPython: Hand-written LL(1) parserIronRuby: Gardens Point Parser Generator LALR(1)

23. compiler back-end on CLRGenerate ILSyntax Treeldc.i4.2 // load 2box [mscorlib]System.Int32ldarg.0 // load “a”call object LangHelpers::Add(object, object)retILreturn addpublic static object Add (object x, object y) { ... }Const(2)Runtime LibraryNamed(a)

24. compiler back-end on DLRLinq ExpressionTreeToExpression TreeReturn Syntax Treereturn MethodCallLangHelpers.AddaddConvertToObjectBoundExpressionConst(2)Named(a)Variablea: ObjectConstantExpression2

25. puts 2 + 2 -> Expression tree .Dynamic puts(.S,1) @1( $#scope,$#self,.Call IronRuby.Runtime.RubyOps.CreateMutableStringL( "hi", .Constant<IronRuby.Builtins.RubyEncoding>(US-ASCII)))

26. IronRuby.Runtime.RubyScriptCodeinternalstaticDelegate/*!*/CompileLambda(LambdaExpression/*!*/ lambda, booldebugMode, boolnoAdaptiveCompilation, intcompilationThreshold) {if (debugMode) {returnCompileDebug(lambda); } elseif (noAdaptiveCompilation) {returnlambda.Compile();} else {returnlambda.LightCompile(compilationThreshold); } }

27. static vs. dynamic dispatchMethodCallExpressionMethod : {RuntimeMethodInfo {Name: "Print"}}Arguments : [0] ActionExpressiondef yo (name): "hello " + nameprint yo("jimmy")ActionExpressionyo("jimmy")Action : CallActionArguments : [0] {BoundExpression {Variable: Local{yo}}} [1] {ConstantExpression {"jimmy"}}

28. public static object Handle ( object[] args, DynamicSite<object, object, object> site1, object obj1, object obj2){ if (obj1 != null && obj1.GetType() == typeof(string) && obj2 != null && obj2.GetType() == typeof(string)) { return StringOps.Add(Converter.ConvertToString(obj1),Converter.ConvertToString(obj2)); } return site1.UpdateBindingAndInvoke(obj1, obj2);}

29. print yo(1)

30. public static object Handle ( object[] args, DynamicSite<object, object, object> site1, object obj1, object obj2){ if (obj1 != null && obj1.GetType() == typeof(int) && obj2 != null && obj2.GetType() == typeof(int)) { return Int32Ops.Add(Converter.ConvertToInt(obj1),Converter.ConvertToInt(obj2)); } if (obj1 != null && obj1.GetType() == typeof(string) && obj2 != null && obj2.GetType() == typeof(string)) { return StringOps.Add(Converter.ConvertToString(obj1),Converter.ConvertToString(obj2)); } return site1.UpdateBindingAndInvoke(obj1, obj2);}

31. System.Dynamic.DynamicObject

32. Dynamic Language RuntimeInfrastructure for creating languagesFocus on dynamic compiler back-end.Dynamic-lookup protocolDynamicObject: shared protocol between languagesLightweight hosting APIOne API for all DLR languages

33. HostingHostingScriptRuntimeScriptScopeScriptEngineScriptSource

34. var engine = Ruby.CreateEngine(); engine.Execute("puts 2 + 2");

35. var engine = Python.CreateEngine(); dynamicscope = engine.CreateScope(); scope.page= this; engine.Execute("page.Message.Text = 'Hello from Python!'", scope);

36. var runtime = ScriptRuntime.CreateFromConfiguration(); var engine = ScriptEngine.CreateEngine("IronRuby"); dynamic scope = engine.CreateScope(); scope.page = this;engine.Execute("page.Message.Text = 'Hello from IronRuby!'", scope);

37. require 'IronPython'require 'Microsoft.Scripting'include Microsoft::Scripting::Hostinginclude IronPython::Hostingpython = Python.create_enginescope = python.create_scopepython.execute "class Foo(object): def bar(self): print 'Look ma, white-space-sensitivity!'", scopepython.execute "Foo().bar()", scope

38. # foo.py:class Foo(object): def bar(self): print 'Look ma, white-space-sensitivity!' # bar.rb:foo_module = IronRuby.require 'foo' foo_module.foo.bar

39. DemoHosting

40. Hosting best-practicesStore scripts where you want with PlatformAdaptationLayerMakes script file-system operations use database, source-control, whatever …Pick isolation level for scriptsIn-App-Domain: you totally controlOut-App-Domain: limit permission levelOut of process: total isolation

41. Project StatusIronRubyis working towards 1.9 compat – Rails 3, FFI, static type system integrationIronPythonworking towards 2.7/3.0 compat – Django, IronClad, and other libraries.ToolingIronRuby Gems/Rake supportDebugging w/REPLFully open sourceContributions welcome!

42. How you can participateUse it at your company, and tell us about it!Ask the mailing lists and stackoverflow for helpLog any bugs you findContributing to the projectEven if you’re not a compiler hacker … but hackers welcome!samples, documentation, blogs, and talks are all welcome also

43. ironruby.netIronRuby website & downloadironpython.netIronPython website & downloaddlr.codeplex.comDLR documentation for hosters and language developersjimmy.schementi.comme

44. ?

45. IRONLanguagesJimmy Schementijschementi@lab49.comjimmy.schementi.comDynamic Languages for the .NET developergithub.com/IronLanguages