Php in 2013 (Web-5 2013 conference)

PHP in 2013
PHP's story to nowadays

Hello
● Hello, I'm Julien PAULI
– PHP 5.5 Release Manager
– Working for blablacar in Paris (www.blablacar.com)
– Working with PHP since ~10y
– Working on PHP internals ~3y

1995 : CGI
data = getenv("QUERY_STRING");
if(data && *data) {
params = data; dest = data;
while(*data) {
if(*data=='+') *dest=' ';
else if(*data == '%' && ishex(*(data+1))&&ishex(*(data+2))) {
*dest = (char) htoi(data + 1);
data+=2;
} else *dest = *data;
data++; dest++;
}
*dest = '0'; s = strtok(params,"&");
do {
tmp = strchr(s,'=');
if(tmp) {
*tmp = '0';
if(!strcmp(s,"name")) name = tmp+1;
else if(!strcmp(s,"age")) age = tmp+1;
}
} while(s=strtok(NULL,"&"));
printf("Hi %s, you are %s years oldn",name,age);
}

Better stuff
<html><head><title>Form Example</title></head>
<body><h1>My Example Form</h1>
<form action="form.phtml" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
Age: <input type="text" name="age">
<br><input type="submit">
</form>
<?if($name):?>
Hi <?echo $name?>, you are <?echo $age?> years old
<?endif?>
</body></html>

First PHPs
● PHP 1 then 2 and PHP 3
● 1998
● Who still remembers PHP 3 ?

Refresh your mind !
● Go and get it !
● http://museum.php.net

PHP 4
● 2000
● sessions
● Better extensions management
● Zend Engine
– Compilation

Zend Engine
● Zeev Suraski
● Andi Gutmans
● Total rewrite of PHP3
● Introduction of a compilation/execution engine
● Performances

PHP 5
● Zend Engine 2 (improved from 1, yep)
– New OO model (true model)
● 5.0 (2004)
● 5.1 (2005)
● 5.2 (2006)
● 5.3 (2009)
● 5.4 (2011)
● 5.5 (2013)

PHP release process
● Starting from 5.4, we have a release process
● https://wiki.php.net/rfc/releaseprocess
● Yearly new major/minor (5.4->5.5 or 6.0)
– New features
– Big changes. Majors may break BC
– 3 years of life (2 + 1)
● Monthly new revisions (5.4.3->5.4.4)
– Bug fixes, no new features, BC kept
● EOLed security releases
– After EOL, 1 year of security fixes

PHP Ecosystem
● Read/improve the doc
– www.php.net
– edit.php.net
● Develop
– wiki.php.net
– bugs.php.net
– git.php.net / pecl.php.net
– lxr.php.net
● Improve quality
– qa.php.net
– bugs.php.net
● Download
– snaps.php.net
– museum.php.net

Source distributions
● We use Git
– http://git.php.net
● We mirror on Github
– Social coding
– New ideas
– Pull Requests

PHP contributors
● About 10 to 15 active people
● Lots more total
● Contribute on
– Code (new features, changes, bugs&fixes)
– Doc & translations
– Infra services (hosting php.net worldwide)
– Human management
– … lots of things to do

PHP 5.5 new features
● Password hashing API
● "Finally" keyword
● Generators
● Syntax and engine improvements
● Breaks, deprecations
● … more not reported here

New Password hashing API
● PHP users don't really understand/care
about the concept behing hashing, salting
and crypting
● PHP doesn't give any hints about that
● User are left on their own
– Until 5.5 version
– Welcome a new password hashing API !

● https://wiki.php.net/rfc/password_hash
● See how easy that looks now :
– To generate a hash
$password = 'secret';
$hash = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
var_dump($hash);
// "$2y$10$Pa2cIqH5X3m6iqIYVDBdvOUcggnXnZzBy0dlie
4VRHLr3ncLcyB7a"

● https://wiki.php.net/rfc/password_hash
● See how easy that looks now :
– To verify a hash
$provided_password = 'secret';
$hash = "$2y$10$Pa2cIqH5X3m6iqIYVDBdvOUcggnXnZzBy0
dlie4VRHLr3ncLcyB7a";
if (password_verify($provided_password, $hash)) {
echo "you are welcome" ;
}

● More options :
– choose your hashing algorithm
– choose a salt from yours
– choose a CPU cost
$password = "mysecret" ;
$hash =password_hash($password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT,
array("cost" => 5, "salt" => "my_secret_salt") ) ;

● Just one Database field is needed
● The hash encapsulates all the infos
– algorithm used
– salt used
– cost used
– hash itself
"$2y$10$Pa2cIqH5X3m6iqIYVDBdvOUcggnXnZzBy0dlie4VR...

Other changes
● ext/intl has been massively worked on / improved
● ext/curl up to date with new libcurl
● bison < 2.4 no longer supported (parser)
● libpcre updated
● array_column()
● cli_set_process_title()
● Lots of bug fixes

foreach() changes
● Foreach now supports list()
● https://wiki.php.net/rfc/foreachlist
$users = array(
array('Foo', 'Bar'),
array('Baz', 'Qux');
);
// Before
foreach ($users as $user) {
list($firstName, $lastName) = $user;
echo "First name: $firstName, last name: $lastName. ";
}
// After
foreach ($users as list($firstName, $lastName)) {
echo "First name: $firstName, last name: $lastName. ";
}

Array dereferencing strings
● Dereference const expressions
● https://wiki.php.net/rfc/constdereference
var_dump( "php"[1] ); // 'h'
var_dump( [1, 2, 3][1] ); // 2
var_dump( [ ['foo, 'bar'], [1, 2] ] [0][1] ); // "bar"

OPCache
● OPCache = "ZendOptimizerPlus" for PHP
– It's been freed by Zend recently
– It's then been renamed
● OPCache will be shipped with PHP 5.5 , as
an extension you have to activate at compile
time
– it will be maintained together with PHP itself
● APC is now dead

OPCache roles
● OPCode caching + optimizing

PHP 5.5 compatibility breaks
● ext/mysql has been deprecated /!
● /e modifier for preg() has been deprecated
● Dropped support for Windows XP and 2k3
● No more php logo and zend logo functions
● pack()/unpack() minor changes

Performances ?
● The biggest step was 5.3 to 5.4
– First time for such a boost
● 5.5 is faster than 5.4
– But don't expect the same effect than 5.3 to 5.4

Performances
● Testing blablacar.com
– PHPUnit 3.7.21
– 959 tests
– (Lots of external services and SQL)
Time: 14:32, Memory: 1202.50Mb
5.3.latest
5.4.latest
5.5.latest

Engine performance
● PHP 5.3.latest
empty_loop 0.161
func() 0.459 0.298
undef_func() 0.469 0.309
int_func() 0.446 0.285
$x = self::$x 0.444 0.284
self::$x = 0 0.441 0.281
isset(self::$x) 0.431 0.270
empty(self::$x) 0.443 0.283
$x = Foo::$x 0.586 0.425
Foo::$x = 0 0.808 0.647
isset(Foo::$x) 0.578 0.417
empty(Foo::$x) 0.590 0.429
self::f() 0.716 0.555
Foo::f() 0.752 0.591
$x = $this->x 0.426 0.265
$this->x = 0 0.497 0.337
$this->x += 2 0.439 0.279
++$this->x 0.381 0.220
--$this->x 0.404 0.244
$this->x++ 0.411 0.251
$this->x-- 0.415 0.254
isset($this->x) 0.423 0.263
empty($this->x) 0.433 0.272
$this->f() 0.610 0.449
$x = Foo::TEST 0.353 0.193
new Foo() 1.763 1.602
$x = TEST 0.371 0.211
$x = $_GET 0.361 0.200
$x = $GLOBALS['v'] 0.501 0.341
$x = $hash['v'] 0.355 0.194
$x = $str[0] 0.660 0.499
$x = $a ?: null 2.139 1.978
$x = $f ?: tmp 0.435 0.274
$x = $f ? $f : $a 2.141 1.980
$x = $f ? $f : tmp 0.418 0.258
Total 21.259

Engine performance
● PHP 5.4.latest
empty_loop 0.117
func() 0.380 0.263
undef_func() 0.377 0.260
int_func() 0.336 0.219
$x = self::$x 0.361 0.245
self::$x = 0 0.331 0.214
isset(self::$x) 0.232 0.116
empty(self::$x) 0.243 0.127
$x = Foo::$x 0.327 0.210
Foo::$x = 0 0.217 0.100
isset(Foo::$x) 0.279 0.162
empty(Foo::$x) 0.216 0.100
self::f() 0.398 0.281
Foo::f() 0.365 0.248
$x = $this->x 0.363 0.246
$this->x = 0 0.322 0.205
$this->x += 2 0.252 0.136
++$this->x 0.220 0.103
--$this->x 0.224 0.107
$this->x++ 0.248 0.132
$this->x-- 0.252 0.135
isset($this->x) 0.232 0.115
empty($this->x) 0.251 0.135
$this->f() 0.423 0.307
$x = Foo::TEST 0.220 0.103
new Foo() 0.821 0.705
$x = TEST 0.169 0.052
$x = $_GET 0.256 0.140
$x = $GLOBALS['v'] 0.450 0.334
$x = $hash['v'] 0.355 0.238
$x = $str[0] 0.369 0.252
$x = $a ?: null 0.235 0.118
$x = $f ?: tmp 0.330 0.213
$x = $f ? $f : $a 0.245 0.129
$x = $f ? $f : tmp 0.334 0.217
Total 10.749

Engine performance
● PHP 5.5.latest
empty_loop 0.117
func() 0.396 0.279
undef_func() 0.415 0.298
int_func() 0.325 0.208
$x = self::$x 0.286 0.169
self::$x = 0 0.399 0.282
isset(self::$x) 0.237 0.120
empty(self::$x) 0.282 0.165
$x = Foo::$x 0.246 0.129
Foo::$x = 0 0.320 0.203
isset(Foo::$x) 0.203 0.086
empty(Foo::$x) 0.248 0.131
self::f() 0.433 0.316
Foo::f() 0.395 0.278
$x = $this->x 0.249 0.132
$this->x = 0 0.320 0.203
$this->x += 2 0.251 0.134
++$this->x 0.309 0.192
--$this->x 0.223 0.106
$this->x++ 0.248 0.131
$this->x-- 0.258 0.141
isset($this->x) 0.236 0.119
empty($this->x) 0.262 0.145
$this->f() 0.438 0.321
$x = Foo::TEST 0.225 0.107
new Foo() 0.825 0.708
$x = TEST 0.177 0.060
$x = $_GET 0.262 0.145
$x = $GLOBALS['v'] 0.357 0.240
$x = $hash['v'] 0.267 0.150
$x = $str[0] 0.368 0.251
$x = $a ?: null 0.233 0.115
$x = $f ?: tmp 0.317 0.200
$x = $f ? $f : $a 0.254 0.137
$x = $f ? $f : tmp 0.318 0.201
Total 10.700

Php in 2013 (Web-5 2013 conference)

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