Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales

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En esta breve presentación discuto las diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas entre el hambre y la pobreza que, aunque asociadas, no son iguales, ni se miden igual, ni afectan al mismo tipo de personas. Puede haber desnutridos que tengan dinero, y pobres que coman bien. Además, presento preguntas que los políticos se hacen sobre si los programas sociales deberían ser universales o focalizados. Hay pros y contras.

Education

Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales Jose Luis Vivero Pol Coordinador Regional ACF-E

Paradigma más recienteHAMBRE vs. POBREZA Durante años 90 hubo una identificación Reducción de la pobreza lleva implícito una reducción de la desnutrición Más énfasis conceptual y material en lucha contra la pobreza (BM, FMI con ERP) ERP (25 estudiadas sólo 4 priorizaban la Seguridad Alimentaria) Fuente: FAO 2003

Pobreza vs Desnutrición en América Latina y el Caribe RELACIÓN EXTREMA POBREZA Y DESNUTRICIÓN CRÓNICA (CEPAL 2008) Correlación positiva pero no proporcional (otros factores explican) 1. GUA vs BOL 2. NIC vs ELS 3. ECU vs PER Pobreza no es igual a hambre

¿Porqué la relación no es directa? Factores de educación nutricional: más dinero no significa mejor alimentación (EEUU y obesidad y 8 millones desnutridos) Factores culturales: hábitos alimenticios tradicionales (tortillas), comida basura (comunidades con remesas en CA) Distribución intra-hogar y consideraciones de género (hombres y trabajadores primero)

2.- Políticas Sociales ¿Políticas Compensatorias o Asistencialismo? Mismo programa, diferentes enfoques Derechos Civiles Derechos Sociales Entitlements (AmartyaSen)

Universalización x Focalización Universalización ,[object Object]

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Food is an absolute need, the world produces enough food for all, private-public-civic provision systems shall be combined differently, mirroring “Universal Health Coverage” and “Education for All” schemes. Reframing food differently: as public good, human right & common good (not only as a commodity). An inspirational and aspirational proposal, to be materialized this decade, to secure that no one will go hungry in a world of plenty.

Universal food access: Enacting food as a public good

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Food is a life enabler with multiple meanings and different valuations for societies and individuals throughout history and geographies. The progressive commodification of food as a vital resource is understood as a social construction, informed by Academia, that shapes specific food policy options and blocks or discard other policies. In opposition to this dominant paradigm, an alternative valuation of “food as a commons” is discussed, in practical and theoretical terms. This paper focuses on Food Narratives of Agents in Transition using two theoretical frames (Discourse Analysis and Transition Theory) and adopting three methodological approaches: systematic, heuristic and governance. The first approach presents a genealogy of meanings of commons and food by exploring five schools of thought plus a systematic review of academic literature where food is discussed either as a commons or as commodity. The heuristic approach investigates the relevance the two narratives had in influencing individual and relational agency of food-related professionals working in food systems in transition. The governance approach navigates the policy arena to study how the absolute dominance of the tradeable dimension of food in the political stance of some important countries obscures other non-economic dimensions such as the consideration of food as a human need or human right. Finally, a normative theory of food as a commons is presented, with particular attention to policy and legal options to radically transform the industrial food system.

Normative food narratives shape future food transitions

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Intervention at the European Parliament (12 Dec 2019) to propose a narrative change in the valuation, governance and allocation of food: from considering food as a commodity to be exclusively distributed through market mechanisms (only through purchasing power anyone can get access to food) to food as a human right, commons and public good (where food could be accessed through universal entitlements and market mechanisms). This change of narrative is based on the multiple non-monetary values of food (specially its essentialness to every human). This narrative differs from the current one: food as a pure commodity, such as screws, cement or TVs. The alternative value-based consideration of food is a pre-requisite to unlock other food policies, to redirect public subsidies and to enact laws based on the consideration of food as a human right. The consideration of food as a commodity is hegemonic within the corporate world and many governments, but it is not commonsensical within human beings. Let's restore common sense to our food system. Let's value and govern food differently.

OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...

Universite Catholique de Louvain

Después de situar el concepto de bienes comunes, el artículo repasa alguno de los principales ejemplos que todavía funcionan en el Estado español y, en el contexto de la España vacía, los analiza en clave de oportunidad. Así, la tesis central del texto plantea que la España vacía representa una oportunidad precisamente por estar vacía y abandonada. Estar fuera del radar del establishment permite desarrollar ideas “antisistema”, revitalizar instituciones colectivas, promover formas de autogobierno o hacer cosas sin pedirle permiso al Estado ni financiación al mercado. Promover el desarrollo de estas áreas relativamente vacías de agricultura industrial insostenible con modelos de desarrollo económico y social diferentes donde se prioricen la economía del bien común parece más factible que en aquellas áreas donde la agricultura industrial está más presente.

La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...

Universite Catholique de Louvain

Se presenta una nueva narrativa y propuestas de politicas alimentarias que sustenten la tan necesaria transicion del sistema alimentario Español y Europeo. El sistema alimentario industrial fomenta malos habitos de consumo, promueve obesidad infantil, mantiene a millones de Europeos en inseguridad alimentaria, destruye la biodiversidad y agota los recursos naturales. Ademas, consume el 70% del agua potable y emite el 30% de gases de efecto invernadero. Aqui se presenta una propuesta para re-considerar los alimentos como bienes comunes (aplicando una etica diferente), como bienes publicos (concepcion politica) y como derecho humano (enfoque legal). Aceptando que esta construccion social es radicalmente diferente de la actual (alimentos como puras mercancias), se exponen justificaciones historicas, legales y politicas que sustentan esta propuesta. Finalmente, se aportan elementos para liderar una transicion hacia sistemas alimentarios diferentes basados en esta idea, y recomendaciones concretas de politicas alimentarias europeas y Espanholas.

REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...

Universite Catholique de Louvain

This presentation explores the multiple meanings of food for human societies, and the dichotomy represented by the hegemonic narrative (food as a commodity) and the emerging counter-hegemonic alternative (food as a commons). I explained the rationale for this shift in value-based narratives: the unsustainability and unfairness of the industrial food system. The transition pathway towards a food commons regime and several policy proposals are also detailed. This presentation summarizes my PhD document "How do people value food? Systematic, heuristic and normative approaches to narratives of transition in food systems" defended at University of Louvain (2017).

#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival

Universite Catholique de Louvain

The dominant state-driven transition in agricultural modernisation promotes the replacement of old knowledge/varieties for modern ones as they do not fit with productive and efficient industrial agriculture. They are dubbed as "backwarded". Stringent legal frameworks (IP rights & safety regulations) and political (dis)incentives are geared to replace open local landraces by modern patent-restricted varieties. And yet, there are alternative transition pathways where citizens reclaim a different and more sustainable, open-source agriculture, meaningful landscapes and communal practices that reinforce connectedness, social and economic benefits, and pleasure in doing things with others. And heirloom seeds fit well in that narrative. Studying in detail the motivations and food and seed values of participants in four case studies or agro-biodiversity conservation (UK, Belgium, Slovenia and Germany), this research shows that non-economic motivations related to "old" are still quite relevant (heritage, tradition, ancestors, heirloom, etc). There are diverse pathways to preserve agro-biodiversity by combining economic and Non-economic policy beliefs. And different non-economic Policy Beliefs are meaningful in different contexts for the same resource.

Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiatives

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The current industrial system of production, transformation and consumption of food is the major driver of planetary destruction. This system, sustained by the normative valuation of food as a commodity, is pursuing resource enclosures and unsustainable exploitation beyond planetary boundaries to satisfy the profit maximization ethos. Because food is only a commodity, for-profit initiatives are fully justified. In this lecture, I propose a different value-based narrative, one based on the multiple dimensions of food relevant to human beings, dimensions that cannot be valued in market monetary terms. Food as a commodity just use the treadeable dimension of food. But what about the others (i.e. a human right, and essential resource, a cultural determinant). Therefore, food shall be valued differently, as a multi-dimensional commons with public good dimensions that require a different kind of governance and allocation mechanisms othern than the market. If we need to change drastically the global food system in crisis, we need to start by having a different narrative and different food values. Here is a first approach to that.

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Lecture in the Module "Global Food Policies" on the Master Food, Law and Finance (IUC Torino, 20 March 2017). In a world that is largerly poor, although improving, the industrial food system is the main driver of planetary havoc, exceeding already several planetary boundaries that preserve our societies and a stable Nature. The paradoxes of the industrial food system (food kills people, food is not for people, food producers stay hungry, food is wasted) illustrate a disfunctional system that is unsustainable, inequitious and inefficient. The industrial food system wouldn't be able to exist without public subsidies and enabling regulations. This lecture explores those elements that sustain a technological way of producing and consuming food, the narrative behind, the lock-in mechanisms and the main flaws, proposing alternative ways to produce and consume.

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In this lecture, the book 1 of the Hunger Games is analysed from a food and nutrition security perspective. highlighting the importance food and hunger have throughout the book. Hunger is used as political device and social trigger, and food is clearly presented as a society organiser and life determinant. One third of the book is about food and Katniss' only goal in life is to seek food for her and her family. Actually, she wins the Hunger Games because she knows how to get food in the forest and how to destroy the other's food. This book is a powerful tool to explain the triggering mechanisms of hunger, food as a weapon and the importance of food agency.

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Introductory lecture of Master on Food, Law and Finance at International University College of Turin (Italy), class 2017-18. Module Global Food Policies. What does it mean to be critical/radical versus being conventional when analysing food policies? Two case studies are presenting on how corporations shape academic discourses in Nutrition and the unaffordability of eating five vegetables/fruits per day in UK and Global South.

Critical food studies: What does “critical” mean?

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Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales

1. Hambre, pobreza y políticas sociales Jose Luis Vivero Pol Coordinador Regional ACF-E

2. Paradigma más recienteHAMBRE vs. POBREZA Durante años 90 hubo una identificación Reducción de la pobreza lleva implícito una reducción de la desnutrición Más énfasis conceptual y material en lucha contra la pobreza (BM, FMI con ERP) ERP (25 estudiadas sólo 4 priorizaban la Seguridad Alimentaria) Fuente: FAO 2003

3. Pobreza vs Desnutrición en América Latina y el Caribe RELACIÓN EXTREMA POBREZA Y DESNUTRICIÓN CRÓNICA (CEPAL 2008) Correlación positiva pero no proporcional (otros factores explican) 1. GUA vs BOL 2. NIC vs ELS 3. ECU vs PER Pobreza no es igual a hambre

4. ¿Porqué la relación no es directa? Factores de educación nutricional: más dinero no significa mejor alimentación (EEUU y obesidad y 8 millones desnutridos) Factores culturales: hábitos alimenticios tradicionales (tortillas), comida basura (comunidades con remesas en CA) Distribución intra-hogar y consideraciones de género (hombres y trabajadores primero)

5. 2.- Políticas Sociales ¿Políticas Compensatorias o Asistencialismo? Mismo programa, diferentes enfoques Derechos Civiles Derechos Sociales Entitlements (AmartyaSen)

7. No discrimina

8. Elimina privilegios

9. Más fácil de administrar en países pobres

10. Costo más caro

11.

12. Discrimina

13. Crea privilegios – difícil salida

14. Planeamiento caro e implementación barata

15.