1. The Nervous System
Presentation by: Jeremy Krautstrunk
Biology 120 Prof. Abdullah
Chapter 12 Suffixes
2. Importance of the Nervous System
● Organs Involved: the brain,
nerves, and spinal cord.
● The Nervous System
allows us to carry on with
our daily lives and perform
many different tasks and
actions. It coordinates and
controls body function
(consciously and
subconsciously) by
carrying messages to and
from the brain.
3. Nerves and Their Functions
● Olfactory : smell ● Acoustic: hearing and
maintaining balance
● Optic: sight
● Glossopharyngeal: taste
● Oculomotor: movement of
sensation from back of
eyeball, lenses, and pupils
tongue/throat
● Facial: controls muscles of the ● Vagus: activates chest and
face, scalp, and ears. Also
abdominal organs
controls salivary glands and
receives taste sensations of two- ● Spinal Accessory: head and
thirds of tongue and throat shoulders movement
● Hypoglossal: controls muscles
of tongue
5. Suffix: -esthesia
● Example of the suffix -esthesia (feeling, sensation):
● Anesthesia: partial or complete loss of sensation as a result of a drug,
disease, or injury. Used in medical procedures to numb areas of pain
or eliminate consciousness completely.
– Types:
● General: keeping a person unconscious resulting
in no awareness or memory of the procedure
● Regional: involves numbing a large area of the
body.
● Local: numbing a small, specific area. Mainly
used for minor outpatient procedures.
6. Local Anesthesia
● Drugs used for local anesthesia typically end with the suffix -aine
– Examples: Lidocaine, novocaine, tetracaine
A drug that is similar to these chemically is
cocaine, the first drug that was used as a local
anesthetic. The problem with using cocaine
as a local anesthetic is that it is highly
addictive and highly stimulates the
cardiovascular system.
7. General Anesthesia
● Stages of general anesthesia:
● Stage 1: Patient is given the medicine and minor effects may begin.
● Stage 2: Experiences of excitement and possibly irregular heart beats
occur. However, in this stage the patient is unconscious.
● Stage 3: Patient is considered to be fully anesthetized. Muscles relax
and breathing returns to normal.
● Stage 4: Stage 4 only occurs when a patient receives and overdose of
drugs. These patients may suffer from brain damage or death.
8. Suffix: -taxia
● Example of the suffix -taxia (muscle coordination):
● Ataxia: the lack of muscle coordination as a result of a disorder of
disease.
– Types:
● Cerebellar: dysfunction of cerebellum; results in
imbalance/control of eye movements,
unplanned body and limb movements, trouble
carrying out voluntary movements.
● Sensory: loss of sensitivity due to the positions of
joints and body parts
● Vestibular: dysfunction of vestibular system;
results in vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.
