Governments arrived in Lima on a wave of positive news and optimism resulting from the climate action announcements of the European Union, China and the United States to the scaling up of pledges for the Green Climate Fund. They leave Lima on a fresh wave of positivity towards Paris with a range of key decisions agreed and action-agendas launched, including on how to better scale up and finance adaptation, alongside actions on forests and education. ” – Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary of the UN Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

1. Thecurrentsituation:
LIMATALKSRIPPLEPOSITIVEVIBES
USAandChinatobecomelowcarboneconomies,UStodouble
therateofreductionandChinawillstartreducingitscoalusage
withinsixyears.
EuropeanUniontoreducecarbonemissionby40% by2030.
SouthAfricawillstopincreasingemissionsby2025.
Allnationstohaltforestlossby2030.
GGovernmentshaveagreedtoprovideagreater-than-expected
$10billiontoafundtohelppoorcountriesaddressclimate
change.
TheLimaClimateConferenceachievedarangeofotherim-
portantoutcomesanddecisionsand"firsts"inthehistoryofthe
internationalclimateprocess.
Levelsoftransparencyandconfidence-buildingreachednew
heightsasseveralindustrialized countriessubmitted them-
selvestoquestioningabouttheiremissionstargetsunderanew
processcalledaMultilateralAssessment.
TheLimaMinisterialDeclarationonEducationand Aware-
ness-raisingcallsongovernmentstoputclimatechangeinto
schoolcurriculaandclimateawarenessintonationaldevelop-
mentplans.
Inafurtherboosttotheadaptationambitionsofdeveloping
countries,Germanymadeapledgeof55millionEurostothe
AdaptationFund.
Chinaalsoannounced$10millionforSouth-Southcooperation
andmentionedtheywoulddoubleitnextyear.
Governmentsarrived inLimaona
waveofpositivenewsandoptimism
resultingfrom theclimateactionan-
nouncementsoftheEuropeanUnion,
ChinaandtheUnitedStatestothe
scalingupofpledgesfortheGreen
ClimateFund.TheyleaveLimaona
ffreshwaveofpositivitytowardsParis
witharangeofkeydecisionsagreed
andaction-agendaslaunched,includ-
ingonhowtobetterscaleupandfi-
nanceadaptation,alongsideactions
onforestsandeducation.”-Christia-
naFigueres,ExecutiveSecretaryof
the UN Framework on Climate
Change(UNFCCC)
UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC),heldtheLIMA climate
changeconference(COP20),whichconcludedonapositivenote.“LimaCallforClimateAction”,a
5pagedocument,istheoutcomeofthisconference.Thewaveofoptimism acrosstheworldrose
fromtheU.S.-Chinadeal.Butmuchstillneedstobedonetoburnishtherelationsbetweendevelop-
inganddevelopednationsbeforetheCOP21inParis,nextyear.
Negotiationswerenoteasyastherewerevariouspointsofcontentions:
DevelopingnationslikeIndiaandChinapushedforgreaterdifferentiation.Thiscomesfrom a1992UNFCCC
agreementwhichputsdifferentiatedresponsibilityonbothdevelopedanddevelopingnationsonthebasisofhistor-
icemissions,withstringentfinancialimplications.
SmallIslandStatesblocpressedon“lossanddamage”tobeincludedasstand-alonemeasure.Thiswouldhelp
themseekcompensationforthedamagecausedbecauseoftherapidclimatechange.
Developedcountriespushedforareviewofprospectiveemissioncutsandpledgedtoenhanceaccountability.
Thefinaldocument,toucheduponmostofthecontentiousissues,strikingabalancebetweendifferentblocs.
ThetopicofDifferentiationhasalwaysfoundcentre-stageinclimate-changemeeting.But,China’s
declarationofincreasingemissionsby2030earlierthisyear,wasinvariancewithitssolidarityon
developed/developingdifferentiation.However,littlehaschanged,withChinabackingIndiaupon
differentiatedresponsibilityandremovaloftheclausethatsaysthatdevelopingnationsshallpayfor
mitigationcosts.ThiscameinthebackgroundofincreasingcarbonemissionsbyIndiaandChina,
withfocusonhigherratesofdevelopments.Chinastandsthirdsintermsofcarbonemissions,lead
bybytheU.S.andEU.Indiaholdsalateeighthposition,yetsignificantwhenseenintermsofcarbon
emissions.
GarneringfinanceshasalsobeenthecentralagendasincetheCOP15,Copenhagen.Developed
nationcommittedtomobilize$30billion/yearfrom 2010-12,increasingitto$100billionby2020.
COP16sawamoreformalpledgeof$100billion/yearalongwithdevelopmentofGreenClimate
Fund(GCF).ThefinaldocumentofLimaurgesdevelopednationstoprovideenhancedfinancial
supportofthisfront.
InitiativesoutsidetheUNFCCCprocess,suchasChina’srecentlaunchofaninternationalclimate
fundtoassistdevelopingcountriesintacklingclimatechangesuggestsawillingnessonBeijing’s
parttoact,whichhasbeenlargelyabsentwithinclimatechangemeetings.Advancesinthedeploy-
mentofrenewableenergytechnologies,whichChinaandIndiahavebothshowninterestin,also
suggeststhatthereispotentialformeaningfulactionthatcanboostconfidencepriortoParis.
23.43%
1.75%
3.61%
4.87%
2.23%
5.7%
2.31%
1.57%
www.fiinovation.co.in
fiinovation
14.69%
4.17%
*Thisisagraphicalrepresentation,theterritoriesmightdifferintheoriginalscalesoftheworldmap.