Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
3. TABLE OF CONTENT:
Introduction
Historical background
Classifications
Endosteal implants
Subperiosteal implants
Intramucosal inserts
Transosseous implants
Components of root form implants
Conclusion
Bibliography
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4. INTRODUCTIONS-
The goal of modern dentistry is to restore the
patient to normal contour, function, comfort,
esthetics, speech and health.
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5. Dental implants-
A dental implants is a device of
biocompatible materials placed within the mandibular
or maxillary bone to provide additional or enhanced
support for the prosthesis or tooth .
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6. EARLY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
The first history of implants dates back to 600 A.D.
Archaeological findings show that ancient Egyptian
experimented with reimplanting lost teeth with
animal teeth or teeth carved from ivory .
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7. In 18th century lost teeth were replaced with
extracted teeth of other human donor.
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8. In 1809, Maggiolo described a process of
fabricating and inserting gold implants into fresh
extraction socket .
In 1887, Harris attempted the same procedure with
platinum post instead of gold.
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9. In 1886 – Edmisids was the first person in USA to
implant platinum disc into the jaw bone .
In 1906- Greenfield described endosseous implant
made of an iridium – platinum alloy.
In 1939 – Strock succeeded in anchoring a vitallium
screw and mounting a porcelain crown on it .
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10. In 1943 – Gustavo Dahl conceived the concept of
subperiosteal implant .
In 1948 – Goldberg and Gershkoff refined the
subperiosteal implant with an extension of the
framework .
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11. In early 1960 Orlay utilized vitallium posts for
endodontically treated teeth with extension beyond
apex.
Linkow in the mid 1960s introduced the blade vent
implant .
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12. in 1952 Branemark began extensive study on the
microscopic circulation of bone marrow
In 1965 human studies began, after 10year follow
up, were reported in 1977
He defined the term osteointegration for the first
time
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13. In 1980, Dr George a Jarb at the university of
Toronto , Canada , began the clinical use of this
system .
In 1982 the Toronto conference on osteointegration
in clinical dentistry laid down the first parameters on
what is to be considered successful implant
treatment within the stringent confines of the
scientific community.
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14. In late 1960s Robert and Robert developed the
ramus blade implant
In early 1970s they designed the mandibular staple
implant for the edentulous atrophic mandible.
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15. In 1970s ramus frame implant was designed .
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16. In early 1970s the use of Intramucosal inserts
was popularized by Weiss and Judy.
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17. In early 1970 s Schroeder and his team designed a
single stage implant system known as ITI implant
system.
In 1974 IMZ implant system was introduced .
Elastic component is inserted between implant and
superstructure .
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18. In early 1980s Niznick introduced core vent implant
which is hollow implant with threaded component to
engage bone.
In late 1980s cylindrical plasma spray titanium and
hydroxyapatite coated implant were introduced.
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19. In 1986 – The root form implants superceded the blade
form implants as ‘the most frequently placed implant’.
In 1984- Ct scan
In 1987 – Sinus lift
In 1988 – Nerve transposition
In 1989 – Pterygoid implants
In 1995 – Distraction osteotomies spilt ridge technique
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21. IMPLANTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS -
Implants
Totally buried Semi - buried
Sub periosteal
implant
Endosteal
implant
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22. IN 1881 WILLIAM CLASSIFIED THE USE OF DENTAL
IMPLANTS AS-
For prosthetic treatment
For endodontic stabilization
For periodontal surgery
For simulation of congenitally
absent tissue
For treatment of facial fracture
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23. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON IMPLANT POSITION -
Endosseous
Transoss
eous
Sub-
periosteal
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24. ACCORDING TO WEISS AND WEISS -
Endosteal
Subperiosteal
Denture enhancing intra
mucosal inserts
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25. IN 1998 AFNOR CLASSIFIED ENDOSSEOUS
DENTAL IMPLANT BASED ON THEIR MODE OF
INSERTION-
Crestally inserted
dental
implants(crestal
approach )
Laterally inserted
dental
implant(basal
approach)
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26. Osteotomy is initiated on the crest .
This category includes root- form and blade form
implant .
Referred as Crestally inserted implants
Axially inserted dental implants
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27. Osteotomy initiated on the buccal or lingual
/palatal aspect of jaw .
The entire osteotomy is performed laterally at
the same initial depth.
Laterally inserted dental implants
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28. ENDOSTEAL IMPLANTS
An Alloplastic material surgically inserted into a
residual ridge primarily as prosthodontics
foundation.
They are most commonly applicable abutment
providing modalities.
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29. ENDOSTEAL IMPLANT CAN BE FURTHER CLASSIFIED
AS –
Root form
Plate form
Endodontic
stabilizer
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30. ROOT FORM IMPLANTS-
Designed to resemble the shape of a natural tooth
root.
Most commonly used dental implants.
One stage /two stage implant.
Placed in mandible and maxilla where sufficient bone
are present.
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31. Available in four form –
Threaded
stepped
tapered
Parallel sided
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32. The primary types based on design –
Cylinder or press fit
Screw form
combination
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33. PLATE / BLADE FORM IMPLANTS-
The basic shape is similar to that of a metal plate or
blade in cross–section.
Combination of parallel and tapered sided.
Supplied in one stage or two stage varieties.
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34. Maxillary and mandibular arch for partially or
complete edentulous where adequate bone is
present .
Bone required- >8mm vertical bone height
- >3mm bone bucco-lingually .
- >10mm bone mesio-distally.
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35. RAMUS BLADE AND RAMUS FRAME IMPLANT-
The ramus implant is a one piece blade .
Use when insufficient bone exist in the body of jaw
prosthetic option: overdentures
Suitable arch : mandibular , completely edentulous.
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36. They features an external attachment bar that
courses a few millimeters superior to the crest of the
ridge from one side of the ramus to another side .
Required bone- >6mm vertical bone height
(symphysis and rami)
>3mm bone width (buccal to lingual)
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37. ENDODONTIC STABILIZER IMPLANT-
Endodontic stabilizers are used to extend the
functional length of an existing tooth root.
Improves prognosis and crown
root ratio
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38. parallel sided or tapered
Smooth or threaded
Indication – mandible first molar and anterior to it .
- - in maxilla first premolar and anterior to it
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39. SUBPERIOSTEAL IMPLANTS-
Implant is placed under the periosteum rather
than within the bone.
Always custom made .
Indicated - advanced alveolar ridge resorption .
Required bone is >5mm
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41. INTRAMUCOSAL INSERTS-
They differ in form ,concept and function from the
other modalities.
Mushroom shaped titanium projections .
Attached to the tissue surface of a partial or complete
removable denture in the maxilla.
Provide additional support and stability.
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42. Intramucosal inserts doesn’t contact bone .
The mode of tissue integration is not osteointegration.
Rather , the receptor sites in the tissue into which the
inserts seat become lined with tough , keratinized
epithelium.
Indicated to patients who are poor medical risks.
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43. Prosthetic options-removable dentures, full or partial
Suitable arch- maxillary , completely or partially
edentulous: mandibular partially only
Required bone – none ; required mucosa 2.2mm thick
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45. Required bone >6mm vertical bone height
>5mm bone width
Suitable arch-mandible anterior region,
completely or partially edentulous
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50. FIRST STAGE COVER SCREW
Placed into the top of the implant to prevent bone,
soft tissue or debris from invading the abutment
connection area during healing .
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51. PERMUCOSAL EXTENSION/HEALING ABUTMENT
/GINGIVAL FORMER
It extends the implant above the soft tissue and
result in the development of a Permucosal seal
around the implant.
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52. It can be straight, flared or anatomical to assist in
the initial contour of the soft tissue healing .
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53. ABUTMENTS
The portions of implants that support and retain a
prosthesis or implant superstructure.
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54. TYPES OF ABUTMENT-
Depending
upon retention
Abutment for
screw retention
Abutment for cement retention
Abutment for
attachment
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55. Abutment for cement retention
single unit or one
piece abutment
Two piece abutment
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56. Advantages-
Easier to obtain esthetic .
Can join teeth and implant more readily.
Minor discrepancies in fit.
Disadvantages-
Difficult to retrieve.
Harder laboratory technique .
Conventional impression can lead to errors in fit.
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57. Advantages-
Easily retrieved
Machined accurate component
Disadvantages-
Implant position and angulation is critical
Potential of screw fracture and loosening
Screw may spoil the appearance
Abutment for screw retention
BDJ VOL 187 NO 11 DEC 1999
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58. Uses as attachment device to retain
removable prosthesis
Abutment for attachment
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60. Depending upon design
Flat topped
abutment
Tapered
shouldered
abutment
Direct gold
coping abutment
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61. Placed over the abutment
Prevent debris and calculus from invading the
internal threaded portion of the abutment
Hygiene screw
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64. Purpose-Fabrication of master cast to replicate the
retentive portion of the implant body and abutment
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65. Use to position an analog in an impression .
Transfer copings
Implant
body
transfer
coping
Abutment
transfer
coping
Direct
transfer
coping
Indirect
transfer
coping
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66. Two basic type of impression for
implant are
Indirect or
closed tray
technique
Direct or open
tray technique
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73. Direct or open tray technique
Connect transfer coping
with guide pins
Block out the transfer
coping with two thickness
of base plate wax
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74. Resin tray is fabricated
Head of guide pins is
exposed
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83. Thin covering usually designed to fit the implant
abutment for screw retention .
It serves as the connection between the abutment
and the prosthesis or superstructures .
Prosthetic coping
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84. Prefabricated copings
• Metal component machined precisely to fit the
abutment
Castable copings
• Plastic pattern cast in the same metal as
superstructures or prosthesis
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85. CONCLUSION
The desire has always been to replaced missing
teeth with something similar to root of a tooth and
implant dentistry helps us to achieve that .
Regardless of the implant system use the generic
term is descriptive of function of components rather
than its proprietary name .
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86. BIBLIOGRAPHY-
Contemporary implant dentistry –Carl E Mish (third
edition )
Atlas of oral implants – Cranin
Principles and practice of implant dentistry – Weiss
and Weiss
Oral implantology – Kakar
Implant and restorative dentistry –martin Dunitz
BDJ 1999
BDJ 2006,2007
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87. Thank you
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