1. Groovy API QIYI AD Team Yan Lei

2. You can define a variable without specifying TYPE def user = new User() You can define function argumentswithout TYPE void testUser(user) { user.shout() } Types in Groovy 1.1.getClass().name // java.math.BigDecimal Multimethords Example Dynamic Type

3. import java.util.*; public class UsingCollection { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<String> lst = new ArrayList<String>(); Collection<String> col = lst; lst.add("one" ); lst.add("two" ); lst.add("three" ); lst.remove(0); col.remove(0); System.out.println("Added three items, remove two, so 1 item to remain." ); System.out.println("Number of elements is: " + lst.size()); System.out.println("Number of elements is: " + col.size()); } } Example Please Give Result running on Java & Groovy

4. One of The biggest contributions of GDK is extending the JDK with methods that take closures. Define a closure def closure = { println “hello world”} Example defpickEven(n, block){ for(inti = 2; i <= n; i += 2){ block(i) } } pickEvent(10, {println it})=== pickEvent(10) {println it} when closure is the last argument def Total = 0; pickEvent(10) {total += it}; println total Using Closures

5. When you curry( ) a closure, you’re asking the parameters to be prebound. Example deftellFortunes(closure){ Date date = new Date("11/15/2007" ) postFortune= closure.curry(date) postFortune "Your day is filled with ceremony" postFortune "They're features, not bugs" } tellFortunes() { date, fortune -> println"Fortune for ${date} is '${fortune}'" } Curried Closure

6. def examine(closure){ println "$closure.maximumNumberOfParameters parameter(s) given:" for(aParameter in closure.parameterTypes) { println aParameter.name } } examine() { } // 1, Object examine() { it } // 1, Object examine() {-> } // 0 examine() { val1 -> } // 1, Object examine() {Date val1 -> } // 1, Date examine() {Date val1, val2 -> } // 2, Date, Object examine() {Date val1, String val2 -> } // 2, Date, String Dynamic Closures

7. Three properties of a closure determine which object handles a method call from within a closure. These are this, owner, and delegate. Generally, the delegate is set to owner, but changing it allows you to exploit Groovy for some really good metaprogramming capabilities. Example ??? Closure Delegation

8. Creating String with ‘, “(GStringImpl), ‘’’(multiLine) getSubString using [] , “hello”[3], “hello”[1..3] As String in Java, String in Groovy is immutable. Working with String

9. Problem price = 568.23 company = 'Google' quote = "Today $company stock closed at $price" println quote stocks = [Apple : 130.01, Microsoft : 35.95] stocks.each { key, value -> company = key price = value println quote } Why ? When you defined the GString—quote—you bound the variables company and price to a String holding the value Google and an Integer holding that obscene stock price, respectively. You can change the company and price references all you want (both of these are referring to immutable objects) to refer to other objects, but you’re not changing what the GString instance has been bound to. Solution Using closure quote = “Today ${->company} stock closed at ${->price}” GString Lazy Evaluation Problem

10. “hello world” -= “world” for(str in ‘abc’..’abz’){ print “${str} ”} Regular Expressions Define pattern : def pattern = ~”[aAbB]” Matching =~ , ==~ “Groovy is good” =~ /g|Groovy/ //match “Groovy is good” ==~ /g|Groovy/ //no match ('Groovy is groovy, really groovy'=~ /groovy/).replaceAll(‘good' ) String Convenience Methods

11. def a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] // ArrayList Def b = a[2..5] // b is an object of RandomAccessSubList Using each for iterating over an list a.each { println it } Finder Methords: find & findAll a.find {it > 6} //7 return the first match result a.findAll {it > 5} //[5,7] return a list include all matched members Convenience Method collect inject join flatten * List

12. def a = [s:1,d:2,f:3] //LinkedHashMap fetch value by Key: a.s, a[“s”] a.each {entry -> println “$entry.key : $entry.value” } a.each{key, value -> println“$key : $value” } Methods Collect, find, findAll Any, every groupBy Map

13. The dump and inspect Methods dump( ) lets you take a peek into an object. Println“hello”.dump() java.lang.String@5e918d2 value=[h, e, l, l, o] offset=0 count=5 hash=99162322 Groovy also adds another method, inspect( ), to Object. This method is intended to tell you what input would be needed to create an object. If unimplemented on a class, it simply returns what toString( ) returns. If your object takes extensive input, this method will help users of your class figure out at runtime what input they should provide. Object Extensions

14. identity: The Context Method lst = [1, 2] lst.identity { add(3) add(4) println size() //4 println contains(2) // true println "this is ${this}," //this is Identity@ce56f8, println "owner is ${owner}," //owner is Identity@ce56f8, println "delegate is ${delegate}." //delegate is [1, 2, 3, 4]. } Object Extensions

15. Sleep: suppresses the Interrupted-Exception. If you do care to be interrupted, you don’t have to endure try-catch. Instead, in Groovy, you can use a variation of the previous sleep( ) method that accepts a closure to handle the interruption. new Object().sleep(2000) { println "Interrupted... " + it flag //if false, the thread will sleep 2 second as if there is no interruption } Object Extensions

16. class Car{ int miles, fuelLevel void run(){println “boom …”} Void status(int a, String b) {println“$a --- $b”} } car = new Car(fuelLevel: 80, miles: 25) Indirect Property Access println car[“miles”] Indirect Method Invoke car.invokeMethod(“status”, [1,”a”] as Object[]) Object Extensions

17. Overloaded operators for Character, Integer, and so on. Such as plus( ) for operator +, next( ) for operator++, and so on. Number (which Integer and Double extend) has picked up the iterator methods upto( ) and downto( ). It also has the step( ) method. Thread.start{} & Thread.startDaemon() java.lang extensions

18. Read file println new File('thoreau.txt' ).text new File('thoreau.txt' ).eachLine { line ->println line} println new File('thoreau.txt' ).filterLine { it =~ /life/ } Write file new File("output.txt" ).withWriter{ file -> file << "some data..." } java.io Extensions

19. Details about calling a method Groovy Object

20. Use MetaClass to modify a class at runtime Dynamic Adding or modifying Method A.metaclass.newMethod= { println “new method”} Dynamic Adding or modifying variable A.metaClass.newParam = 1 After these, U can new A().newMethod() println new A().newParam MetaClass

21. Implements GroovyInterceptable & define method invokeMethod(String name, args) Using MetaClass define a closure for metaclass Car.metaClass.invokeMethod = { String name, args-> //… } Intercepting Methods