The document discusses various types of patterns found in nature, including concentric, radial, spiral, fractal, branching, and network patterns. Specific examples are given to illustrate each type of pattern, such as tree rings, agate formations, solar systems, flowers, shells, hurricanes, trees, leaves, rivers, and coastlines. The patterns are described as ways that natural systems organize themselves and maximize factors like growth, diffusion, habitat space, and resource distribution.