Tr 74 adaptation-c cplanning nep

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf

hnjfo" kl/jt{g cg'sngsf pkfox?nfO{ s;/L
"
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog
k|lqmofdf ;dflxt ug]{ <

-cjwf/0ff, k|lqmof tyf ljlwx?_

hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmd
dfkm{tM 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=–g]kfn >fj0f @)^&
kf]=j=g+= !)^
sf7df8f}, g]kfn
+
kmf]g g+= M (&&–!–$$!))!)
ÇofS; g+= M (&&–!–$$!)$^(
O{d]n M lfp@lfp.org.np
http://www.lfp.org.np
22 23

hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sngsf pkfox?nfO{ s;/L
"
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf
;dflxt ug]{ <
-cjwf/0ff, k| l qmof tyf ljlwx?_

hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu jg sfo{qmd

>fj0f @)^&

tof/ kfg]{M

ljdn /fh /]UdL
/fd' ;'j]bL

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg's"ng of]hgf

cg';"rL
k[i7e"ld (Background) !

cg'sngsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ff
" (The Key Concepts of Adaptation) @

cg'sng s] xf] < (What is Adaptation ?)
" #

cg'sngsf k|sf/x?
" (Types of Adaptation) $

cg'sng of]hgfsf k|sf/x?
" (Types of Adaptation Plans) %

k|efjsf/L cg'sngsf] dfu{lgb]zs l;4fGtx?
" {
(Guiding Principles of Good Adaptation) *

cg'sng gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f (Developing Adaptation Policies and Plan)
" (

cg'sng of]hgf k|lqmof (Adaptation Planning Process)
" !!

of]hgfsfnfuL ;'emfj ul/Psf s]xL ljlwx? -pbfx/0f_
Suggested Planning Tools (Example) !#
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sngsf d'Vo l;sfO{
"
(Key Learning on Community based Adaptation) !&
;Gbe{ ;"rL @!

26


k[i7e"ld (Background)
xfdLn] nfvf}+ ul/a kl/jf/nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] vt/f÷hf]lvd / To;n] lgDTofPsf]
k|efj;Fu h'emg ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' 69sf/f] cfjZostf
ePsf] 5 . ;+oQm /fi6«;3sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjwL cGt/ ;/sf/L ;d"x (IPCC)
' +
åf/f xfn;fn} k|sflzt k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kf/]sf]
k|efjnfO{ k|i6;Fu b]Vg / cg'el" t ug{ ;lsG5 . o;n] c;dfg'kflts 9+un] ul/a÷cltsd
ljsl;t b]zsf ul/a ;d'bfonfO{ al9 c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . of] k|efj olt ltj| x'b} 5 ls,
F
ul/a ;d'bfox? ljBdfg hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] wSsf;Fu t h'emg ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}gg,
eg] hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 eljiodf x'g ;Sg] vt/fsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] ;fdYo{sf] t
s"/} 5f]8f}+ . t;y{, oL hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/;Fu h'emg
;Sg] jgfpg cg'sng Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ ckl/xfo{ ePsf] 5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu
"
cGt/f{li6«o:t/af6 s]xL cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt klg ePsf] 5 tfklg ul/a d'nssf] '
;/sf/nfO{ o:tf] ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb}df pQm ;xof]u tL ul/a / hf]lvdsf]
vt/fdf k/]sf ju{df k'U5 eGg] ;'lglZrtf 5}g . b'ud e]sdf a;f]af; ug]{ To:tf
{
;LdfGts[t ju{x?n] ;/sf/af6 ;Lldt ;]jf / ;xof]u dfq k|fKt ub{5g . nfvf}sf] +
;+Vofdf /x]sf oL ju{x?df pQm ;xof]u k'–ofpg' /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfosf]
;fd' 7'nf] r'gf}tL b]lvG5 .
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sng / cg'sng Ifdtf ;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ljsf;sf] d"n
" "
k|lqmofdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ s"/f ljsf;sf gLlt, k|of; tyf cEof;x? ;fd' Pp6f k|dv '
ljifoj:t'sf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sng ;DaGwL cEof; l;sfO{sf]
"
cfwf/df cufl8 a9g] Ps ultzLn k|lqmofsf] ?kdf cufl8 a9]sf] kfOG5 . :yfgL:t/df
hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfo / ax'—;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;d'bfo cg's"ng
of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ljs]Gb|Ls[t Pj+ på{ufdL -bottom–up) of]hgf th'df
{
k|lqmofsf] sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbG5 .
k|:tfljt ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf th'df k|lqmofn] :yfgLo:t/df cg'sng ;DaGwL
{ "
cfjZostfx?sf]] klxrfg ug{ ;Sb5, h;n] Psflt/ :yfgLo txdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
sf/0f kg{ ;Sg] vt/f / hf]lvdnfO{ sd ug{df d2t ub{5 eg] csf]l{ t/ ;d'bfo:t/df
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Pj+ k|efj;Fu h'emg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ub{5 . o;n]
ljBdfg of]hgf th'dfsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo txdf PsLs[t Pj+ ;+of]lht cg'sngsf
{ "

1


k|of;x?nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ;+oGqsf] ljsf; tyf ;'b9Ls/0fdf hf]8
[
lbG5 . o;sf] cnjf hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sng Ifdtf clej[l4sf] k|of;df of]hgf
"
th'{dfsf] p¢{ufdL k|lqmofnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng ;DaGwL
ultljlwx?nfO{ klg lhNnf tyf ufpF:t/df ljBdfg :yfgLo ljsf; of]hgf th'df {
k|lqmof;Fu} ldnfP/ n}hfg' cfjZos x'G5 .

cg'sngsf] d'Vo cjwf/0ff
"
(The Key Concepts of Adaptation)
dfgj >[lht hnjfo' kl/jt{g lj1fgsf] pTklQ df};d lj1fg (meteorology) Pj+
h}ljs–ef}lts zf:q (bio-physical science) af6 ePsf] xf,] h;df jftfj/0fLo
lj1fgsf zAbfjnLx? / o;sf] wf/0ff k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 / clxn] cfP/ cGt/ ;DalGwt
ljifoj:t'sf] ?kdf ;fdflhs lj1fgsf] ;Gbe{ klg o;df ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] a9bf] ;+nUgtfaf6 o; ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffx? l56f] l56f] ljsl;t x'b}F
uPsf] kfOG5 . xfdLn] k|of]u ug]{ w]/} h;f] kl/efiffx? hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/
;/sf/L ;d"x (Inter-governamental Panel on Climate Change-IPCC) af6
lnOPsf x'g -cg';rL ! x]gxf];_ tfklg o; ;DaGwdf ljleGg n]vdf km/s–km/s ljrf/
" {'
x?÷JofVofx? JoQm ePsf kfOG5g h;n] ubf{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ax;sf]
ljifoj:t'nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd cNdnfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f tyf c;/;Fu ;fdgf ug]{ pkfox? (Responses) nfO{ d'Vo
?kdf b'O{ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M
Go'gLs/0f -sf/0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/_ / cg'sng -c;/nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/_ . clxn] ;Dd
"
Go"gLs/0fsf] kf6f]df ;a}sf] Wofg a9L s]Gb|Lt ePsf] kfOG5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
kl/0ffd:j?k x'g;Sg] ;Defljt vt/f / o;f] x'gdf dfgjLo sf/0fx? ufFl;Psf 5g
'
eGg]df s"g} b'Odt 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf a9L hf]lvddf k/]sf] ju{÷;d"x (Most
{
vulnerable or least resilient) nfO{ kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df cg'slnt x'g cfjZos
"
;xof]usf] nflu cfjfhx? klg pl7/x]sf 5g -g]N;g P6= cn= @))&_ . jf:tjdf
Go"gLs/0f / cg'sng Ps cfk;df cGt/;DalGwt ljifox? eP/ klg cl3Nnf lbgx?df
"
oL s"/fx?df vf;} Wofg k'Ug ;s]g tfklg clxn] cfP/ gLltut lg0f{osf nflu x'g;Sg]

2


;Defljt tfnd]n -synergies) / ;xdlt (trade-offs) sf] sf/0f Go"gLs/0f /
cg'sngsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;fy;fy} cufl8 a9fpgdf ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t ePsf] kfOG5
"
-cfO{=lk=l;=l; @))&_ .
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngsf of]hgf tyf lqmofsnfkx? :j:km"t{ jf of]hgfj4
x'g;S5 . cg's"ng ;DaGwL kl5Nnf] cjwf/0ff -of]hgfj¢_ cGt{/fli6«o ljsf;sf]
Ph]08fdf k|fyldstfsf ;fy cufl8 cfO/x]sf] 5 . z'?sf lbgx?df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
k|efj ljZn]if0fdf top-down k4ltdf dfq hf]8 lbO{ hf]lvdsf] ;+jbgzLntfsf]
]
ljZn]if0fdf Wofg s]lGb|t ul/of] t/ xfn cfP/ of]hgf k|lqmofsf b'a} k4ltx? (top-
down / bottom-up) df cfwfl/t cg'sng of]hgf lgdf{0fdf ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGb|t
"
ePsf] 5 h:t}M /fli6«o cg'sng of]hgf (NAPAs) .
"

cg'sng s] xf] < (What is Adaptation ?)
"
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;Gbe{df cg'sng Pp6f To:tf] s'g} sfo{ xf], h;n] hnjfo'
"
kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ sd ug{ /÷jf hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf sf/0f >[lht goFf
cj;/x?af6 nfe lng d4t ub{5 . cg'sng cGtu{t b'O{ k|sf/sf lqmofsnfkx?
"
kb{5gM k|efj b]lvg' eGbf cufl8 g} ul/g] cg'sngsf lqmofsnfkx? (Anticipatory
"
adaptation) / k|efj b]lv;s]kl5 To;af6 aRg ul/g] cg'sngsf lqmofsnfkx?
"
-Reactive adaptation_ . oL b'avfnsf cg'sng sfo{x? -both anticipatory and
} "
reactive_of]hgfj4 -Planned_ x'g ;S5g -pbfx/0fsf] nflu o;nfO{ gLltut lg0f{osf]
kl/0ffdsf] ?kdf klg lng ;lsG5_ tfklg k|ltsf/fTds cg'sng -Reactive adaptation_
"
eg] lagf of]hgf :j:km"t{ ?kdf cEof;df cfPsf] x'g klg ;Sb5 . w]/h;f] cj:yfx?df
}
of]hgfj4 ?kdf ul/g] Anticipatory adaptation lqmofsnfkx?sf] nfut bL3{sfnLg
lx;fadf Go"g kg{ hfG5 / of] Reactive adaptation eGbf a9L k|efjsf/L klg
x'G5 .
cg'sng ;+we/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|To'Q/ -Response_ sf] ?kdf dfq cEof;df
" }
cfp+bg, a? o;n] 4Gb / tfnd]n (Synergy) b'asf] nflu ;Defljt ljljw kIfx?nfO{
} }
;d]t ;d]6sf] x'G5 . . ;kmn cg'sngsf] dtna of] xf]Og ls gsf/fTds k|efjx? kb}{
] "
kb}g eGg], dfq o;n] k|efjx?nfO{ cg'sngsf k|of;x? gx'bfsf] cj:yfdf eGbf s]xL
{ " F
dTy/ agfpg d2t ub{5 .

3


cg's"ng (Adaptation) : hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f x'g]
jf:tljs jf ;Defljt k|efjsf] ;fdfgfy{ k|fs[lts Pj+ dfgjLo
k|0ffnL;Fu ;dfof]hg x'g] k|lqmof cg'sng xf] h; cGtu{t ;DefJo
"
xfgLnfO{ dTy/ kfg]{ jf kmfObfhgs cj;/x?sf] ;b'kof]u ug]{
k|of;x? kb{5g . cg'sngsf ljleGg k|sf/x? x'g ;Sb5g, h:t}M
"
k"jf{gdflgt cg'sng (Anticipatory adaptation), :jlR5s cg'sng
' " "
(Autonomus adaptation) tyf of]hgfj4 cg'sng -Planned
"
adaptation_ (IPCC AR-4 Glossary 2007)

cg'sngsf k|sf/x? (Types of Adaptation)
"
cfO{=lk=l;=l;=-IPCC_ sf cg';f/ cg'sngsf k|sf/x? lgDgfg';f/ x'g ;Sb5g (IPCC
"
TAR, 2001):

k"jf]{g'dflgt cg's"ng -Anticipatory Adaptation_— hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj
b]lvg' jf dxz'; ug'{ k"j{ x'g] cg's"ng sfo{, h;nfO{ :j–cEof;d'vL cg's"ng
(Proactive adaptation) klg elgG5 .

:j:km" t { ?kdf ul/g] cg' s " n g - Autonomous Adaptation_ — hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] k|efj k|lt ;r]t geO{ ul/g] cg'sng sfo{, h;nfO{ k|fs[lts k|0fflndf x'g]
"
kfl/l:yltsLo -Ecological_ kl/jt{g Pj+ dfgjLo k|0ffnL cGtu{t ahf/Ls/0f jf
;DkGgtfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f :j–:km"t?kdf cEof;df NofOPsf] x'G5 . o;nfO{
{
lagf of]hgf cEof;df NofOg] cg'sng -Spontaneous adaptation_ klg elgG5 .
"
of]hgfj4 cg's"ng -Planned Adaptation_— ;f]r larf/k"js lnOPsf] gLltut
{
lg0f{osf] kl/0ffdsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOG5, hf] ljBdfg cj:yfdf cfPsf] jf cfpg ;Sg]
kl/jt{gnfO{ rfx]sf] cj:yfdf kmsf{pg jf sfod /fVg cfjZos kg]{ lqmofsnfkx?
k|lt ;r]t eO of]hgfa4 9+un] cEof;df cfpFb5 .

4


lghL cg's"ng -Private Adaptation_— JolQm, 3/w'/L jf lghL sDkgLx?åf/f
cfkmgf] lxt Pj+ O{R5f adf]lhd cEof;df NofOg] cg'sng sfo{ .
"
;fj{hlgs cg's"ng -Public Adaptation_— ljleGg txsf ;/sf/ jf /fHon]
;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu cu|;/tf lnO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] cg'sng sfo{ .
"
k|ltsf/fTds cg's"ng -Reactive Adaptation_— hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj
b]lvP kZrft cEof;df NofOg] cg'sng sfo{ .
"

cg'sng of]hgfsf k|sf/x? (Types of Adaptation Plans)
"
/fli6«o cg'sng sfo{ of]hgf
"
(National Adaptation Programme of Actions- NAPAs)

ljZjJofkL ?kdf b]vfk/]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] gsf/fTds c;/x?;Fu ;fdgf ug]{
;Gbe{df xfn g]kfn h:tf clt sd ljsl;t /fi6«x?n] :yfg / kl/j]z cg';f/ tTsfn
ug'{ kg]{ ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ p4]Zon] cfkmgf k|fyldstfsf
lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L tof/ ul/Psf] b:tfj]h g} /fli6«o cg'sng of]hgf xf] .
"
of] agfpg'sf] d'Vo cf;o g]kfn h:tf Go"g cg'sng Ifdtf ePsf /fi6«x?nfO{ hnjfo'
"
kl/jt{gsf] ljBdfg Pj+ ;Defljt k|lts"n c;/x?;Fu h'emg tyf cg'sngsf cEof;x?
"
z'? ug{ tTsfn cfjZos kg]{ ;xof]u pknAw x'g] jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . NAPA
df k|:tfj ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?sf] sfof{Gjog l9nf] x'g uPdf To;n] emg} hf]lvdtfnfO{
a9fpg] / kl5 uP/ cg'sngsf k|of;x? al9 vlr{nf] x'g] ;Defjgf ePsf]n] pQm
"
k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx? ;dodf g} sfof{Gjog ug'kg]{ cfjZos 5 .
{

:yfgLo cg'sng sfo{ of]hgf
"
(Local Adaptation Plan of Actions- LAPA)

o;n] :yfgLo:t/df ;d'bfonfO{ eljiodf x'g ;Sg] hnjfo'sf] clglZrtfnfO{ a'emg
tyf cg'sngsf] sfo{qmdx?sf] lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ;lqmo ?kdf ;l/s x'g d2t ub{5 .
"
o; cGtu{t ;d'bfox?n] cfkm} ;xefuL e} agfPsf hnjfo' d}qL of]hgfx? sfof{Gjog

5


u/L kl/jlt{t hnjfo' tyf hf]lvdsf] ;+jbgzLn cj:yfx?;Fu cg'sn x'g] k|oTg
] "
ub{5g . o;n] :yfgLo:t/df ljleGg If]qut sfo{qmdx? aLr ;dGjo u/L hnjfo'
kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cg'sngsf PsLs[t sfo{qmdx? th'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug{df hf]8
" {
lbG5 . :yfgLo:t/sf] cg'sng of]hgf th'df ;d'bfo:t/af6 z'? eO{ ufpF ljsf;
" {
;ldlt :t/sf of]hgfx?df of]ubfg k'–ofpF5 / cGtTjuTjf o;n] lhNnf tyf /fli6«o:t/df
;d]t cfjZos ;"rgf k|jfx u/L k|efj kfb{5 .

;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng sfo{ of]hgf
"
(Community Based Adaptation Plan- CBAP)
hnjfo' kl/jt{g c'gsngsf ljleGg k4ltx? dWo] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng of]hgf
' " "
th'df Pp6f o:tf] k4lt xf], h;n] ;d'bfonfO{ hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf ;jfn tyf k|efjx?;Fu
{
:yfgLo :t/df g} h'emg d2Q ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;fwf/0ftof ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ljsf;sf
lqmofsnfk, cEof;, cg';Gwfg tyf gLltx?sf] Pp6f cltl/Qm txsf] ?kdf x]l/g]
ul/G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng of]hgf k|lqmofn] ;a} If]qaf6
"
;xof]u kfpg] kof{Kt ;+efjgf af]ssf] 5 . cNk ljsl;t /fi6«x?df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
]
sf/0f al9 hf]lvddf k/]sf ;d'bfox?sf] klxrfg;Fu} ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng "
of]hgfsf] z'?jft x'G5 . o:tf ;d'bfox? k|foM h;f] clt g} ul/a, lk5l8Psf, k|fs[lts
;|ftdf cfl>t x'G5g / pgLx? j;f]jf; u/]sf tyf pgLx?n] k|of]u u/]sf If]q÷hdLg
]
klxn] g} af9L jf v8]/Lsf] k|sf]ksf] rk]6f÷df/df k/]sf x'G5g . ljBdfg hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] k|efjx?sf] lj1fg k|of]u ul/ Psk6s ;d'bfosf] hf]lvdsf] ;+jbgzLntfsf]
]
cj:yf yfxf eO;s]kl5 ;d'bfo:t/df cg'sngsf sfo{ ug]{ k|lqmofsf] z'?cft x'G5 .
"

6


CBAP kl/of]hgf agfp+bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s]xL kIfx?
– o; k|lqmof :yfgLo:t/df ;d'bfon] g} ckgTj lnO{ g]tTj ug],{ tyf
[
;d'bfon] g} xfFSg] vfnsf] x'g' kb{5 -ul/a, hf]lvd, l;dfGts[t, dlxnf,
cflbjfzL hghflt ;d"xx?nfO{ k|/0ff lbg] vfnsf] x'g' kb{5_
]
– k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f÷d"NofÍg, cg'sng cfjZostfsf] klxrfg Pj+ sfof{Gjog
"
ug{nfO{ ckgfO{g] tf}/tl/sf cflbdf ;fd'bfosf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{ /
lg0f{fos x'G5 .
– ;d'bfo cg'sng of]hgf tyf cfof]hgfx? ljBdfg :yfgLo ;|ftx?, 1fg
" ]
tyf Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g / :yfgLo k|of;x?nfO{ dxTj lbO{ cufl8
a9g' kb{5 .
– o;n] ljBdfg ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo:t/df lqmoflzn ;3+
;+:yfx?sf] t'ngfTds nfe tyf :yfgLo ;Gbe{ -lhNnf Pj+ /fli6«o gLlt
tyf sfo{qmdx? ;d]t_ nfO{ a9L dxTj lbG5 .
– cg'sng of]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx?n] clt hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox?sf]
"
;xof]udf Wofg s]lGb|t u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj;Fu cg'sng x'g
"
d2t ug]{ nlrnf] tyf Jojxfl/s /0fgLltsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5g .
– Go"g nfut Pj+ Jojxfl/s tyf :yfgLo k/Dk/fut lqmofsnfk, k|ljlw,
k|lqmof / cEof;x?nfO{ k|fT;fxg ug{' kb{5 .
]
– ;d'bfosf] ck]Iff a9g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ Vofn u/L s'g} cfly{s ;xof]usf]
k|ltj4tf lbg' eGbf klg pgLx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;/;Nnfx / k|fljlws
;xof]u pknAw u/fpgdf hf]8 lbg' kb{5 .

7


k|efjsf/L cg'sngsf] dfu{lgb]zs l;4fGtx?
" {
(Guiding Principles of Good Adaptation)
lbuf]kg (Sustainable) – cg'sngsf] sfo{n] lbuf] ljsf;sf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft
"
ug'{ kb{5 tfls o;n] Psflt/ hnjfo' kl/jt{sf] c;/ Pj+ k|efjsf sf/0f ylkg]
r'gf}tLx?nfO{ sd ug{ d4t ub{5 eg] csf{lt/ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f ;[lht
cj;/x?af6 nfe lng k|fT;flxt ub{5 .
]
;dfg'kflts / PsLs[t -Proportionate and Integrated_ – hnjfo' hf]lvdsf]
ljZn]if0f klg lgoldt ?kdf ul/g] cEof;÷k|of; -Business as usual_ / ;fdfGo
hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf] Pp6f cËsf] ?kdf x'g' kb{5 . o:tf sfo{ hf]lvd ÷vt/fsf] :t/
tyf ck]lIft kl/0ffd;Fu ;DalGwt x'g' kb{5 / cjnDjg ul/g] sfo{x? pko'Qm :t/÷tx
/ ;dofg'sn x'g cfjZos 5 .
"
;fem]bf/L tyf kf/bzL{ - Collaborative and Open_ – hnjfo' kl/jt{g;+u
cg'sng x'g] sfo{ xfd|f] ;du| cy{tGq tyf ;dfhsf] nflu r'gf}tL xf] . t;y{ o:tf]
"
r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu ljleÌ tx / tKsfdf sfo{/t JolQm Pj+ ;+3 ;+:yfx?
aLrsf] cfk;L ;dGjodf tyf ;+oQm kxn x'g cTofjZos 5 .
'
nlrnf] tyf k|efjsf/L -Flexible & Effective_ – cg'sng sfo{x? ;Gbe{ ;fk]If,
"
sfof{Gjog of]Uo / kl/0ffdd'vLx'g' kb{5 . cg'sngsf lqmofsnfkx?df eljiodf x'g
"
;Sg] hnjfo'sf] cj:yfx? (Future climate scenarios_ sf] ;fy]} ;fdflhs–cfly{s,
k|fljlws tyf cGo kl/jt{gx?nfO{ ;d]t Vofn u/L ;dfof]hg u/]/ n}hfg ;Sg]
cfjZos nrstf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .
s'zn -Efficient_ – cg'sngsf lqmofsnfkx? to ubf{ To;df nfUg] nfut / x'g]
"
kmfObf tyf hf]lvdsf] :t/nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 . tyf k|:tfljt pkfox? >[hgfTds,
;do ;fk]If, ;fGble{s / pko'Qm x'g' kb{5 .
Gofof]lrt (Equitable_ – k|fs[lts jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs ;d"xx?, ljz]if u/L
hf]lvdo'Qm ;d"xdf, lqmofsnfkx?sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L
lbg ljleGg ljsNkx?sf] ljt/0fLo kl/0ffd af/] ;f]r larf/ ug'{ kb{5 tfls JolQmut

8


tyf ;fd"lxs ?kdf To:tf nfut tyf hf]lvdsf] c;dfg'kflts c+z a]xf]g{ gkg]{ s'/fsf]
;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsof]; . t;y{ Gofof]lrttfnfO{ klg Pp6f c;n cg'sng cEof;sf]
"
dfu{lgb]zs l;4fGt dflgG5 .
{

cg'sng gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f
"
(Developing Adaptation Policies and Plan)
cg'sng k|of;÷k|lqmof cGtu{t kfFr j6f d'Vo tTjx? kb{5g -of]hgfsf r/0fx?
"
lj:t[t ?kdf tnsf] lrqdf b]vfO{Psf] 5_M
s_ jt{dfg cj:yfdf ljBdfg hf]lvdsf] ;Dj]bgzLntfsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ -h:t}M hnjfo'sf]
hf]lvdkg, hf]lvdsf] ;Dj]bgzLntfsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ tTjx?, jt{dfg cg'sng k|of;x?sf]
"
k|efjsf/Ltf cflb _
v_ eljiodf hnjfo'sf] sf/0f x'g ;Sg] hf]lvdsf] d"NofÍg – eljiodf x'g ;Sg]
hnjfo'sf] ljleGg cj:yfx? -Future climate scenarios_ sf] k|If]k0f hf]lvdsf]
;+jbgzLntf / ;fdflhs–cfly{s Pj+ jftfj/0fLo ljsf;sf] qmd ljZn]if0f, cflb_
]
u_ ljBdfg ;fdYo{tf / cg'sng cEof;sf] d"NofÍg – ;d'bfo:t/df :yfgLo 1fg,
"
cEof;, ;+:yf / cGo ;|ftx?sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf cg'sng k|of;x?sf] d"NofÍg ug]_
] " {
3_ cg'sng /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ – ljBdfg hf]lvdsf] ;+jbgzLntf / eljiodf x'g
" ]
;Sg] hnjfo'sf] hf]lvd÷vt/fnfO{ larf/ u/]/ cg's"ngsf gLltut ljsNkx?÷
pkfox?sf] klxrfg tyf 5gf}6 u/L PsLs[t /0fgLltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
ª_ cg'sng k|lqmofnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] – cg'sng cfof]hgfåf/f z'?jft ul/Psf
" "
sfo{x?÷cEof;x?sf] sfo{fGjog, cg'udg, d"NofÍg, ;'wf/ Pj+ lg/Gt/tf . hnjfo'
kl/jt{g cg'sng /0fgLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg efjL of]hgf, lhDd]jf/ JolQm tyf
"
;+:yf, ;do/]vf, / rflxg] ;|ftx?sf] klxrfg u/L sfof{Gjog of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 .
]
o;sf ;fy} sfd ug]{ cg'sn jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f, ;+:yfut gofFkg / pknAw cfly{s
"
;|ftx?nfO{ klg Vofn ug'{ kb{5 .
]

9


10


cg'sng of]hgf k|lqmof (Adaptation Planning Process)
"
xfdLn] lhNnf, uf=lj=;= jf ;d'bfo :t/ dWo] hxfF sfd u/] klg To;sf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ cg'sng of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;du| cg'sng k|lqmofsf] Pp6f clt dxTjk"0f{
" "
r/0f xf] . tn ;'emfj ul/P cg'?k ;du| of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ a9L ;xeflutfd"ns
Pj+ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos 5 .
!= k|sf]k (Hazard) sf] klxrfg ug]{ / To;af6 k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvdsf] d"NofÍg
ug]{ -o;sf] nflu k|sf]k :t/Ls/0f, qmdsf] ljZn]if0f, k|sf]k gSzfËg h:tf pkof]uL
ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .
– s'g} lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf ljBdfg hf]lvd tyf k|sf]kx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{
– pQm If]qdf hnjfo';u ;DalGwt k|sf]k tyf hf]lvdx? klxrfg ug]{
F
@= hnjfo'u ;DalGwt k|sf]kx?sf] k|efj d"NofÍg ug]{ -o;sf nflu k|sf]ksf] k|efj
+F
ljZn]if0f, hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|ft ljZn]if0f tyf hLljsf]kfh{gdf hf]lvdkgfsf] ljZn]if0f,
]
hLljsf]kfh{gdf k|sf]ksf] k|efj h:tf pkof]uL ljlwx? k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .
– hLljsf]kfh{g ;|ftdf hnjfo' k|sf]ksf] k|efj klxrfg ug]{
]
– k|efjsf] :t/ (Degree of impact) / o;sf] c;/÷kl/0ffdsf] d"NofÍg ug]{
#= k|efjsf] ;+jbgzLntf / ;|ft Pj+ hgdfg;df /x]sf] hf]lvdkgfsf cfwf/df k|sf]kx?sf]
] ]
k|fyldlss/0f ug]{ -o;sf] nflu k|sf]k :t/Ls/0f -Hazard ranking_, hf]lvdkgfsf]
ljZn]if0f -Vulnerability assessment_, hf]lvdkgf dfkg tflnsf -Vulnerability
matrix_ h:tf ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .
– hnjfo' k|sf]kx? dWo] s'g rflxF k|sf]k a9L xfgLsf/s xf] ;f] s'/f k|sf]k
k|fyldsLs/0fsf] a]nf 5nkmndf Nofpg] .
– s'g rflxF ;d"xx? k|sf]ksf] k|efjaf6 a9L hf]lvddf 5g < dlxnf, jfnaRrf,
a"9fkfsf, hghflt, lk5l8Psf] ju{_ / o;sf cltl/Qm s'g If]q÷ufpF jf s'g
ju{sf pkef]Qmfx? a9L df/df kb{5g ;f]sf] klg ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
]
$= ljBdfg / eljiodf x'g ;Sg] k|sf]kx?;Fu ;fdgf ug{ -Cope with_ tyf cg'sl" nt
x'gsf nflu ;d'bfo:t/df /x]sf] Ifdtf jf >f]tsf] klxrfg Pj+ ljZn]if0f ug]{
-o;sf nflu hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|ft ljZn]if0f, ;fdYo{tf -Coping_ / cg'sng
] "

11


-Adaptation_ /0fgLltsf] ljZn]if0f, Coping / cg'sng (Adaptation_ sf]
"
/0fgLltsf] k|efjsfl/tf ljZn]if0f ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .
– o;sf nflu hnjfo'sf] hf]lvd tyf k|sf]k;Fu h'emg Pj+ ltgsf] ;fdgf ug{
:yfgLo :t/df /x]sf] ljBdfg 1fg, ;Lk, cEof; tyf ;+oGqx? s] s:tf 5g
egL kQf nufpg] /
– ul/Psf cg'sng k|of;x? sltsf] k|efjsf/L 5g ;f] sf] klg ljZn]if0f ug]{
"
%= hnjfo' k|sf]ksf] dfqf -Degree of climatic hazard_ / ul/Psf cg'sng "
cEof;sf] k|efjsfl/tf -Effectiveness of responses_ sf] ljZn]if0f u/L d'Vo
sdL sdhf]/Lx?sf] (Critical gap) sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
– k|efjsf] dfqf÷:t/ / ul/Psf cg'sng k|of;x?sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf] ljZn]if0f
"
ug]{
– s] ul/Psf cg'sng k|of;x? hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{ kof{Kt
"
5g t <
– olb kof{Kt 5}gg eg] d'Vo sdL sdhf]/Lx? (Critical gap) x? s] s] x'g t <
^= dfly cg';f/ b]lvPsf] sdL sdhf]/L (Gap) nfO{ 36fpg jf x6fpg s;/L ljBdfg
;|ftx?sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ / sfo{x?sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg]{ . -o;sf]
]
nflu hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|ftx?sf] ljZn]if0f ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5_ .
]
– b]lvPsf] sdL sdhf]/L (Gap) nfO{ sd ug]{ cj;/x? s] s] 5g t < -;+:yfut
gofFkg÷z'?jft, hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;|ftx?÷;DklQx? , ljBdfg sf]if, ;+oGq,
]
k|ljlw, :yfgLo cEof;x?, gljg sfo{ cflb_ .
&= afFsL /x]sf] sdL sdhf]/L -Gap) nfO{ s;/L afxo lgsfo Pj+ ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fusf]
;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ -External partnership_ df 36fpg jf ;Daf]wg ug{
;lsG5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ -o;sf] nflu ;xsfo{ gS;fÍg ljlw– Partnership
mapping tool sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 _ .
– ljBdfg ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg]{ / ltgsf] d'Vo ;an / sdhf]/
kIfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
– hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj;Fu sfo{ (deal) ug{sf] nflu ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf]
n]vfhf]vf ug]{ -s'g ;+:yfn] s:tf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 .
*= k|sf]ksf] hf]lvd k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/df sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ h;df ;d'bfo,
uf=lj=; jf lhNnf:t/df ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] lqmofsnfkx?sf ;fy} pknAw afxo

12


;xof]u ;d]t :ki6 v'nfpg' kb{5 . o:tf] of]hgfdf s] ug],{ sxfF ug],{ slxn] ug],{
s;n] ug]{ eGg] h:tf s'/fx? lglb{i6 ?kdf v'nsf] x'g' kb{5 . -o; ;DaGwL lj:t[t
]
ljj/0f kl5Nnf v08x?df lbOPsf] 5 _
– hnjfo'sf] k|sf]k Pj+ k|efjsf] ;fdgf ug{ tTsfnLg -tTsfn gu/L gx'g_, ]
cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg sfo{x? s] s] x'g ;f] 5'6ofpg] -o; k|lqmofdf
tTsfnLg÷ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfsf] JofVof Pj+ klxrfg :yfgLo pkef]Qmf jf
;d'bfoåf/f g} agfOPsf lglZrt ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df x'g' kb{5 _
– klxrfg ePsf sfo{x?nfO{ s;/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ -rflxg] cfjZos ;|ftx?, ]
;do l;df, o; sfo{df sf] ;+nUg x'g,] s:tf] lsl;dsf] ;+:yfut ;xsfo{ x'g,]
s;n] sfof{Gjog ug],{ / o;sf] cg'udg s;n] s;/L ug]{ eGg] h:tf s'/fx?df
Wofg lbg' kb{5_ .

;d'bfo cg'sng of]hgfsf nfuL ;'emfj ul/Psf s]xL
"
ljlwx? -pbfx/0fsf nfuL_ Suggested Tools for
Community Based Apaptation Planning (Example)
Local Options for Communities to Adapt and Technologies to Enhance
Capacity (LOCATE) ljlwdf cfwfl/t cg'sng of]hgf k|lqmofnfO{ klg ljsNksf]
"
?kdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 . o;n] SSNAPP -South South North Adaptation
Projects Protocol) df cfwfl/t ;d'bfo cg's"ng of]hgfsf] vfsf tof/ ug]{
Jojl:yt k4lt k|of]udf Nofpg clek|l] /t ub{5 . ;Defljt ;/f]sf/jfnfx? tyf cg'sng
"
cfjZostf Pj+ lqmofsnfkx?sf] klxrfg tyf k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ of] ljlwsf] k|of]u
ul/G5 . LOCATE sf] d'Vo dd{ eg]sf] ljz]iftM hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Pj+ k|efj;Fu
h'emg ;d'bfonfO{ ;Ifd jgfpg ;d'bfodf g} cfwfl/t cg'sng xf] g ls eO/x]sf
"
kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ kl/jlt{t hnjfo' cg'?k 9fNg ltgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ jf hnjfo'[
kl/jt{g cg'sngsf nflu To;af6 kmfObf lng] . o; ljlwn] lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf
"
9fFrfsf] k|dv cjwf/0ff / ;f/tTjx?nfO{ u|x0f u/]sf] 5 . oBlk o;n] hf]lvdkgf tyf
'
cg'sng cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ljleÌ ;d'bfox?sf] cfodf x'g] km/skgf tyf
"
ltgdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] kfg]{ k|efj aLrsf] ;DjGwnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] x'G5 . LOCATE

13


n] ;'emfj u/]sf $ j6f r/0f÷v'8l snfx? IPCC sf] t]>f] ljZn]if0f l/kf]6n] cf+NofPsf]
{ +}
;fdfGo r/0fx?;Fu klg d]n vfG5 .
k lxnf] r/0f M pRr hf] l vd If] q x?sf] klxrfg
(Finding vulneability Hot-spots_

;d'bfox? tyf :yfgLo cEof;stf{ Pj+ ;xhstf{x?n] ;+oQm ?kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf
'
sf/0f b}lgs hLjgofkgdf x'g] hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} s'g rfxL+
If]q a9L hf]lvdo'Qm b]lvG5 / o;af6 ;a}eGbf a9L k|efljt sf] jf s'g ju{ x'G5g eGg]
klg klxrfg ul/G5 .!
;DalGwt s]xL d'Vo k|Zgx?
• hf]lvdsf] ;+jbglzntfsf] k[i7e"ld s] xf] <
]
• ;+jbglzn If]qx? s'g s'g x'g <
]
• clt ul/a tyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfox? sxfF a;f]af; u5{g <
• ;a} eGbf a9L hf]lvddf sf] kb{5g / lsg <

bf]>f] r/0f M cg'sng of]hgf lgdf{0f -Development of Adaptation Plans_
"
:yfgLo ;d'bfo tyf cEof;stf{÷;xhstf{x?n] b]lvPsf] r"gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{
:yfgLo:t/df ;dfwfgsf pkfox? lgsfNb5g . eljiodf hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ klg
of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf Nofpg] ;Defjgfx?sf] vf]hL ug{df klg
o:tf of]hgfx?n] cj;/ k|bfg ub{5g .
• hf]lvdsf] ;+jbgzLntfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 s'g rfxL+ ef}lts ;Gbe{÷k[i7e"ldnfO{
]
;Djf]wg ub{5 < -h:t}M af9L, cfFwL a]x/L, 5fl/okg, / ;'Vvfv8]/L_
]
• s'g rfxL+ ;+jbgzLn If]qx? (Sectors) sf] ;Djf]wg x'g5 -h:t}M s[lif, hn,
] ]
jg, dT:okfng, phf{_ <
• ;d:ofdf /x]sf÷k/]sf If]q tyf ;d'bfox?sf] hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{
s;/L sd ug]{ <

!
eGgfn] /fli6«o :t/df ljleGg ;"rs h:t} dfgj ljsf; ;"rL,hnjfo"n] pTklt u/fPsf ljgfzsf] /fli6«o
Vulnerability hotspots
tYofÍ, If]qut ljifo -ef]sd/L,jg ljgfz_,/ c? GIS af6 cfPsf tYofÍn] klxrfg u/]sf If]qx?nfO{ hgfpF5 .

14


• ;d'bfosf] cg'sng Ifdtfdf s;/L ;'wf/÷clej[l4 ug]{ <
"
• ljBdfg kl/l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;du|df s] s:tf /0fgLltx? x'g ;S5g <
t] > f] r/0f M cg' s " n g of] h gfsf] k| f yldsLs/0f
-Prioritization of Adaptation Plans)2
;d'bfo tyf :yfgLo ;xhstf{x?n] nfut–nfe ljZn]if0f -Cost-Benefit Analysis_
tyf ax'–;"rs ljZn]if0f -Multi-Criteria Analysis_ h:tf ljlwsf] ;xfotfn] cg'sng
"
of]hgfx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;Sb5g . ax'–;"rs ljZn]if0fdf ;d'bfon] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf ljljw ;"rsx? kb{5g -h:tM} ;DefJotf, vr{ k|efjsfl/tf, k|efj, ;do,
cflb_ . -k|fyldsLs/0fsf s]xL pbfx/0fx? cg';"rL–@ df x]g'{xf];_ . To;kl5
lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ d'Vo k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df :t/Ls/0f u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
;+emf}tf ul/G5 .
cg'sng lqmofsnfkx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{] ;aeGbf pko'Qm pkfo s] xf] <
"
• s;/L ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f Pj+ :t/Ls/0f /fd|f;u ug{ ;lsG5 < ;fy}
] F
lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ klg s;/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf PsLs[t ug{ ;lsG5 <
• s'g rfxL+ lqmofsnfkx? cTofjZos Pj+ tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5g / s'g
rfxL+ lqmofsnfkx? bL3{sfnLg k|sl[ tsf x'g <

rf}+yf}+ r/0f M sfof{Gjog k2lt÷;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug]{
-Identifying the Implementation Mechanism_
k|:tfljt lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjog ;+oGq÷k4lt klg ;DalGwt ;d'bfoåf/f g} lgSof}n
{
x'g' cTofjZos 5 h;n] ubf{ ;dodf g} To:tf lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf]
;'lglZrttf eO{ ;a}eGbf kLl8t ju{ jf ;d"xn] l566} kmfObf kfpg ;S5g . cg'sng
"
of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xof]u ckl/xfo{
x'G5 .

@
k|fydLsLs/0f ljleGg lsl;dn] ug{ ;lsG5 t/ :yfgLo ;d'bfoåf/f lgwf{l/t ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df k|fyldsLs/0f x'g' dxTjk"0f
x'G5 . k|fyldsLs/0f k|lqmofdf ;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf clgjfo{ x'G5 .

15


• cg'sng of]hgf÷kl/of]hgfsf ;+efljt ;fem]bf/÷;/f]sf/jfnfx? sf] sf] x'g
"
;S5g < s;n] s] ul//x]sf] 5 / s;nfO{ s] yfxf 5 <
• :yfgLo txdf s;n] s:tf vfnsf ljsf;, hLljsf]kfh{g tyf k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? sfof{Gjog ub}{ cfO{/x]sf 5g <
• s] :yfgLo ;d'bfox? hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sng ;DaGwL sfo{x? ug{ OR5's
"
5g <
• nlIft ju{, ;d'bfo tyf ;xof]uL lgsfox?sf] e"ldsf / st{Jox? s] s] x'g <
• ;+:yfut Ifdtf s;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <
• cfly{s ;|ftx? s] s] x'g / 5g < ;d'bfo:t/ af6} s] ug{ ;lsPnf / s:tf] yk
]
jfXo ;xof]usf] cfjZostf 5 <
• s:tf] vfnsf] cg'udg k4lt÷;+oGq cfjZos k5{ <
• l;sfO{ tyf /fd|f cEof;x?nfO{ s;/L ;+:yfut tyf lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsG5 <

16


;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sngsf d'Vo l;sfO{
"
(Key Learning on Community Based Adaptation)3
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng ljsf;sf] qmddf w]/} gof+ ljifoa:t' eP tfklg ljZjsf]
"
ljleGg :yfgx?df xfn;Dd cEof; ul/Psf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sngsf ;Lldt "
k|of;÷ultljlwx?af6 s]xL k|f/lDes l;sfO{x? klg ePsf 5g . tL l;sfO{x? lgDgfg';f/
/x]sf 5gM
!= s'g} klg /fd|f] / k|efjsf/L sfd ug{sf nflu afXo JolQm÷;xhstf{x?n]
=
cfkm"n] ;xof]u ug{ rfx]sf] ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; -Trust_ lhTg' kb{5 . ;fdfGotof
o;sf] nflu nfdf] ;do;Dd ;DalGwt ;d'bfo;Fu g} 3'nldn x'g cfjZos
kb{5 . t/ olb ;d'bfosf] dg lht]sf :yfgLo dWo:ystf{x? -pbfx/0fsf nflu
u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?, ;d"xx? jf ;/sf/L
lgsfox?_, pknAw ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d'bfodfhfg' eGbf cufl8 To:tf
;xhstf{÷dWo:tstf{x?;Fu ;+jfb ug{' pQd x'G5 .
@= cem} klg hnjfo' kl/jt{g s]xL ;Lldt JolQmx?n] dfq a'em]sf] ljifoj:t' ePsf]
/ w]/h;f]sf nflu o; ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff cem} k|ofTt 5}g jf låljwfo'Qm 5 .
}
To;y{ o; ljifodf ;femf a'emfO Nofpgsf] nflu ;d'bfon] a'‰g] :yfgLo efiff
/ zAbx?sf] k|of]u u/L ;+jfb Pj+ ;+rf/ ug'{ cTofjZos x'G5 . o;sf] cy{
hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DjlGw j}1flgs n]vsf] x'–ax' :yfgLo efiffdf cg'jfb ug]{
dfq geO{ cy{ v'Ng]ul/ :yfgLo ;d'bfon] a'‰g ;Sg] ;+rf/sf] k/Dk/fut
dfWodx? -h:t}M gf6s, uLt, ehg cflb_ sf] k|of]u jf >Job[Zo -Video_ h:tf
;+rf/sf cfw'lgs dfWodx?sf] klg k|of]u ug'{ kb{5 .
#= ha :yfgLo dWo:ystf{ tyf ;d'bfosf] k"0f{ ;xof]usf] ;'lglZrtf x'G5, ta
'
s:tf vfnsf cg'sngsf lqmofsnfkx? pko'Qm÷;fGble{s x'G5g egL klxrfg
"
ug]{ k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu ljutdf hnjfo'sf] k|sf]kx?sf]
;fdgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;d'bfo:t/df ePsf] 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf tyf cEof;x?
af/] k"j{ l;sfO{ x'g' cTofjZos 5 . To; kl5 dfq goFf lqmofsnfk, k|ljlw
tyf cEof;x? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 .

3
Adapted from www.iied.org

17


$= :yfkgf eP kl5 s'g} Pp6f cg'sng kl/of]hgf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Pj+
"
k|efj;Fu PSn} ;fdgf ug]{ eGbf klg Pp6f :t/Lo ljsf; cfof]hgf h:t} b]lvG5
-h:t}M v8]/Lsf] a]nf cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng ug]_ . o;df ul/g] s[ofsnfkx?
{
(Intervention) s] xf] eGg] eGbf klg ul/g] s[ofsnfkx? (Intervention) sf]
nflu Inputs s] x'g] eGg] dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . t;y{ ;d'bfon] s] ul//x]sf 5g eGbf
klg s:tf] 1fg / ;Lkdf lsg ul/x]sf 5g eGg] s'/fn] dfg] /fVb5 . cg'sngsf]
"
kf6f]n] klxnf hnjfo' k|sf]k÷ hf]lvdaf/] ;d'bfonfO{ ;r]t÷cjut u/fp+5 /
To; kZrft pko'Qm lqmofsnfk to u/L sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbG5 . o;n]
;d'bfonfO{ tTsfnLg cj:yfdf x'g] hnjfo'sf] clglZrttf÷ljifdtf -Climate
variability_ tyf bL3{sfnLg ?kdf x'g] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'emg ;fdYo{jfg
-Resilient_ agfpg d4t ub{5 . t/ Pp6f s'/fsf] rfxL+ x]Ssf /fVg' kb{5 ls
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng kl/of]hgfx? gofF / cToGt} sd ;+Vofdf ePsfn]
"
Climate variability ;Fu h'emg] ;fdYo{tfsf ;DaGwdf Jojxfl/s k/LIf0f eg]
;fob} sd xf]nfg .
%= xfn;Dd ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng k|of;x?af6 ul/Psf] cg'ej of] 5 ls
"
l;sfO{ x'gsf] nflu cEof; x'g h?/L 5 . s'g} ljZjljBfno tyf tfnLd
uf]i7Laf6 ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sngsf] ;}4flGts 1fg xfl;n ug]{ / To;
"
kZrft lkmN8df nfu" ug]{ eGg] s'/f ;Dej gx'bf lkmN8 cEof;x?af6 g} l;sfO{
F
lng' kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ cg'sng cEof; Pp6f pTs[i6 gd"gf xf] h;nfO{ u/]/
"
l;Sg] (Learning-by-doing_ lg/Gt/ k|lqmofsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 / of] Pp6f
sfo{dns cg';Gwfg -Action research_ klg xf] .
"
^= ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sngsf] ;}4flGts Pj+ sfof{Gjog kIf clxn] z'?sf]
"
cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 t/ CBA sf b'a} kf6f b|t ultdf cl3 a9g] b]lvG5g . To;y{
'
cg'ej / l;sfO{sf] nflu ;Dej eP;Dd cg'sngsf w]/} eGbf w]/} lqmofsnfkx?
"
Piloting sf] ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' ckl/xfo{ 5 / o;af6 ePsf] cg'ej
tyf 1fgnfO{ l;sfO{sf] ?kdf cGoq cfbfg k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . hf]lvddf
/x]sf ;d'bfo, cEof;stf{, gLlt–lgdf{tf, cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf bftfx?sf aLr
;dofg'sn k|efjsf/L ;~hfn lgdf0f{ -Networking_ ug]{ sfo{ r"gf}tLk"0f{
"
5.

18


cg';rL–! M ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sng cEof;sf s]xL pbfx/0fx?
" "
If]qx? hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;jfnx? cg's"ngsf k|of;x?

hn tyf phf{ kfgLsf] d"n, kf]v/L, vf]nf÷ gbL, kfgL hDdf ug]{ k|ljlw -jiff{tsf] kfgLnfO{ hDdf kfg]{ /

em/gf ;'s/ ePsf] kfgLsf] cefj,
] kfgLsf] d'xfgdf Joj:yfkg, u|fdL0f If]qdf kfgL ljt/0fsf]
phf{ ;+s6 nflu gofF k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug],{ k|ljlwdf ;'wf/ u/L O{gf/
x?sf] dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ ,_
hnjfo' tTjx? M aiff{sf] j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g lqmofsnfkx? -h:t}M ;'wfl/Psf]
clglZrttf -Rainfall r'nf], jfof]UofF; cflb_
variability_÷

s[ l if ls/f tyf /f]usf] dxfdf/L , jftfj/0fsf] stress ;xg;Sg] afnLsf] ljleGg k|sf/
pTkfbgdf x|f;, hldgsf] x}l;otdf x?nfO{ a9fjf lbO{ Plss[t ls/f Joj:yfkg IPM sf]
lu/fj6, afnL nufpg] tf}/tl/sfdf k|j4{g ug]{
kl/jt{g gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]u – wfgsf] ljleGg hftx? k|of]u u/L
pAhfpg' hf] of] hnjfo'sf] l:yltdf klg kmNg ;S5_,
hnjfo' sf/s tTjx? M aiff{sf] ;/n yf]kf l;FrfO{ -Drip irrigation_ 3/ au}rfsf]
+
clglZrttf / tfkqmd j[l4 ljljwLs/0f, ljp a}s v8f u/L aLpmnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg],
{
h}ljs s[lif k|0ffnL, v:s]sf] hldgdf v]tL h:t} au/]
v]tL, ;+:yfut ;'b9Ls/0f tyf ;d'bfo:t/df hgr]tgf
[
tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd, df};dsf] k"j{ cg'dfg

jg tyf h} l js jgdf x'g] cfunfuL, k|hflt ljgf;, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cfunfuL Joj:yfkg, invasive
ljljwtf g?rfOPsf xfgLsf/s k|hfltx? k|hfltsf bi product ;b'kof]u ug{sf] nflu ljleGg
-Invasive species) km}lng' vfnsf] k|ljlwx?sf] k|of]u, h:t}M agdf/faf6 h}ljs
hnjfo' sf/s tTjx?M aiff{sf] la|s6, vfnL jf x}l;ot lau|sf] hUufdf ;d'bfodf
] ]
clglZrttf÷kl/jt{glzntf / cfwfl/t j[Iff/f]k0f, kfgLsf] >f]t ;+/If0f, e"Ifo lgoGq0f
tfkqmd j[l4

hdLg e"–Ifo tyf hdLgsf] x}l;otdf x|f; Integrated hedgerow technology, Zero tillage
practices, lbuf] e"–Joj:yfkg, j[Iff/f]k0f u/]/
hnjfo' sf/s tTjx? M aiff{df x'g] hldgsf] x}l;otdf ;'wf/ ug]{ -cld|;f] tyf ax' p2]ZoLo
clglZrttf÷ kl/jt{glzntf k|hflt_, land zonation

Cross d'Vo hnjfo' k|sf]kx?;Fu ;fdgf hgr]tgf clej[l4 -gf6s, sljtf jfrg, ¥ofnL, :s"ndf
Cutting
ug{ cfwfl/t sfo{qmd, d]nf, cflb _ / Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd
-tfnLd, e|d0f_ gLltut txdf ;+nUgtf - ;~rf/;fdu|L,
gLltut ljj/0f, ofqf, ;]ldgf/_

19

20
cg';rL–@M k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ ;"rsx?
;"rsx? Key How much :tl/s/0f
How
(Indicators) indicators resources is need i Rating
t
or (financial, will
clt g} hf]lvdo'Qm fjsfl/ ;DefJotf –
nfut k|em i l e s t o n e Jft{dfg / bL3{sfndf
human, "
cg'se g /
bn
;d'bfonfO{ kmfO{bf tf –sd nfutdf
(what ljBdfg ;|f]t /
it eljiodf x'g] jftfj/0fLo
institutional) scaling sf]
monitored
k'Ug] -dlxnf, lk5l8Psf x'g] lqmofsnfkx? ;+:yfx?af6 g} hnjfo'sf] hf]lvd lbuf]kgfsf]nflu nflu a9L
ju{, ul/a, ljBdfg ;|f]t / sfof{Gjog ug{ 36fpg] g]tTj lbg]
[ ;Defjgf
afnaflnsf,hghflt, s]xL jfXo ;Dej x'g] vfnsf] _, ePsf]

cflbjf;L ;d"xx?_ k|fljlws / ljBdfg ;+oGqaf6
;xof]udf g} ;lhn} sfof{Gjog
sfof{Gjog ug{ ug{ ;lsg]
;lsg] .

Psbd w]/} M %, w]/} M $, dWod M # , yf]/} M @ / Psbd yf]/} M !

cg';rL # M ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t cg'sngsf] of]hgfsf] pbfx/0f
" "
k|fydLs/0f d'Vo ;"rsx? or s;n] s;/L slt ;|ftsf] cfjZostf
] s;/L c?;+u s;/L Share hf]lvd tyf
ul/Psf milestone sfof{Gjog sfof{Gjog kb{5 -cfly{s, dfgjLo, cg'udg ug]{ ug]{ / l;sfO{sf] Go"gLs/0fsf]

sfo{x?
k|:tfljt
sfdx? -o;n] s] glthf u5{ ul/G5 -ljlw_ ;+:yfut_ cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ of]hgf
lbG5_


References
Bimal Regmi, Alex Morcrette, Apar Paudyal, Rishi Bastakoti and Sibongile
Pradhan. 2010. Participatory Tools and Techniques for Assessing Climate
Change Impacts and Exploring Adaptation options. LFP.

Bimal Regmi and Gyanendra Karki. 2010. Climate change mainstreaming
in developing planning in Nepal

IIED, Lessons from Community Based Adaptation, www.iied.org.

IPCC AR4 Glossary 2007

LFP, 2010: Community adaptation planning in Livelihoods and Forestry
Programme: key processes and progresses, LFP

21

Tr 74 adaptation-c cplanning nep

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from DPNet

More from DPNet (20)

Tr 74 adaptation-c cplanning nep