1. BEER DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1) What are the 4 main ingredients in beer?
2) What are the 2 main categories in beer?
3) What does "ABV" stand for?
4) What does "IBU" stand for?
5) What is America's oldest brewery?
6) What is America's oldest microbrewery?
7) What constitutional amendment outlawed beer 7 alcohol in America?
8) How many calories are in a 12-ounce Bud Light?
9) How many calories are in a 12-ounce Guinness?
ARTICLES DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
A) Dear, economy: This Bud's for you.
1) Approximately how many jobs does the beer industry provide?
2) How much money does the beer industry contribute to the economy each year?
B) Craft Beer Industry Accelerating Sales Growth
1) Who are the "Big 3" companies in the American beer industry?
2) What % does craft brewing represent in the overall US beer market?
C) How the Three-Tiered Beer Distribution System Works
1) Before prohibition, who held ownership stakes in the bars?
2) Who did the 21st Amendment give complete control over alcohol regulation to?
3) What are the 3 tiers of the beer distribution system?
4) Why are small breweries at a disadvantage compared to the large breweries with distributors?
HOW BEER SAVED THE WORLD DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1) About how long have human beings like us been around?
2) What happened in 9000BC that changed the world forever?
3) The agricultural revolution was started by what?
4) Experts originally thought that barley was harvested to make what?
5) How did primitive people 10,000 years ago accidentally stumble across beer?
6) Experts believe that it was what about beer that changed the world forever?
7) What was the reason for inventing writing?
8) One of the most important word lists (dictionary) has over how many words related to beer?
9) How many jugs of beer did the most powerful Egyptian God Ra ask for in the afterlife?
10) What was the going rate of an Egyptian pyramid builder per day?
11) By the 16th century people drank how many liters of beer per year?
12) Who were the master brewers in medieval Europe?
13) What group of people took over brewing and in the process transformed Europe?
14) What was Ben Franklin's quote about beer?
15) How did beer save the travelers on the Mayflower & determine where they landed?
16) Without barley or hops what did the settlers make their beer with to keep the Plymouth settlement alive?
17) The struggle for freedom from the British began in what tavern?
18) What new type of beer took America by storm in the 19th century?
19) When was the first commercial fridge invented?
20) What did the machine that changed the world make?
2. BEER QUESTIONS
1) What is your favorite beer?
2) What are the 4 main ingredients in beer?
3) What are the 2 main categories of beer?
4) What does "ABV" stand for?
5) What does "IBU stand for?
6) What is America's oldest brewery?
7) What is America's largest microbrewery?
8) What Constitutional Amendment outlawed beer in America?
9) How many calories are in a 12-ounce Bud Light?
10) How many calories are in a 12-ounce Guinness?
3. BEER 101
I. HISTORY
II. BREWING
III. TYPES
IV. MICROBREWERIES
5. BEER IS THE 3RD MOST POPULAR DRINK IN THE WORLD.
6. TODAY THE BEER BREWING INDUSTRY IS A GLOBAL
BUSINESS.
-MORE THAN 35 BILLION GALLONS ARE SOLD GLOBALLY
PER YEAR.
-THE SALE OF BEER PRODUCES TOTAL GLOBAL
REVENUUES OF $300 BILLION EACH YEAR.
-THE ANHEUSER-BUSCH InBEV COMPANY IS THE LARGEST
BREWER IN THE WORLD.
7. ANHEUSER-BUSCH InBEV
-HOLDS 25% OF THE GLOBAL BEER MARKET SHARE.
-GENERATED $37 BILLION REVENUE IN 2009.
-45% OF SALES COME FROM NORTH AMERICA.
-EMPLOYS 116,000 PEOPLE IN OVER 30 COUNTRIES.
9. BEER IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S OLDEST PREPARED
BEVERAGES.
-DATES BACK TO 9500 BC.
-RECORDED IN THE WRITTEN HISTORY OF ANCIENT
EGYPT.
-ARCHAEOLOGISTS SPECULATE THAT BEER WAS
INSTRUMENTAL IN THE FORMATION OF CIVILIZATIONS.
10. -THE OLDEST KNOW ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF
BREWING DATES BACK TO 7000 BC.
-THE OLDEST KNOWN CHEMICAL EVIDENCE OF BEER
DATES BACK TO 3500 BC.
-THE WRITTEN WORD WAS INVENTED BY THE SUMERIANS
IN 3000 BC. A BEER RECIPE WAS FOUND AMONG THE
EARLIEST SUMERIAN TABLETS IN A POEM “THE HYMN TO
NINKASI” (THE GODDESS OF BREWING).
11. -BEER WAS SPREAD THROUGH EUROPE BY GERMANIC &
CELTIC TRIBES AS FAR BACK AS 3000 BC.
-EARLY EUROPEAN BEERS CONTAINED:
-FRUITS
-HONEY
-SPICES
-TYPES OF PLANTS
-THEY DID NOT CONTAIN A
CURRENT COMMON INGREDIENT:
-HOPS
12. -DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE MIDDLE AGES (500-1000
AD) BREWING BEGINS TO BE PRACTICED IN EUROPE.
-IT WAS USED FOR TRADING, PAYMENT, & TAXING.
-HOPS BEGINS TO BE USED IN THE BREWING PROCESS IN
1000 AD.
-BEER MAKING BECOMES A COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE IN
GERMANY, AUSTRIA, & ENGLAND IN 1200 AD.
13. REINHEITSGEBOT
“GERMAN BEER PURITY LAW”
-ENACTED ON APRIL 23, 1516 BY KING WILHELM IV OF PRUSSIA.
-STATES THAT THE ONLY INGREDIENTS ALLOWED TO BE USED
FOR BREWING BEER ARE BARLEY, HOPS, & WATER.
-ENACTED FOR 2 REASONS:
1) HEALTH
-BEER = HYDRATION.
2) ECONOMICS
-BARLEY = BIG BUSINESS.
14. OKTOBERFEST
-ESTABLISHED IN MUNICH ON OCTOBER 12, 1810 AS AN
OFFICIAL BEER FESTIVAL.
-16 DAY FESTIVAL FROM LATE SEPTEMBER TO FIRST
WEEKEND IN OCTOBER.
-ORIGINAL FESTIVAL WAS TO CELEBRATE THE
MARRIAGE OF CROWN PRINCE LUDWIG TO PRINCESS
THERESE OF BAVARIA.
-5+ MILLION PEOPLE ATTEND EVERY YEAR.
-SINCE 1950 THE FESTIVAL HAS OPENED WITH A 12 GUN
SALUTE & THE TAPPING OF THE FIRST KEG OF
OKTOBERFEST BEER BY THE INCUMBENT MAYOR OF
MUNICH.
18. -1587: THE FIRST BEER WAS BREWED IN THE NEW WORLD IN
VIRGINIA, BUT THE COLONISTS SENT REQUESTS TO ENGLAND
FOR BETTER BEER.
-1612: THE FIRST COMMERCIAL BREWERY OPENED IN NEW
AMSTERDAM (NEW YORK).
-1620: PILGRIMS LAND AT PLYMOUTH ROCK BECAUSE THEIR
BEER SUPPLIES WERE RUNNING LOW.
-SOLDIERS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR RECEIVED RATIONS
OF A QUART OF BEER/DAY.
19. THE MODERN ERA OF US BREWING BEGAN IN THE 1800’S
-1829: THE OLDEST OPERATING BREWING COMPANY IN
THE US IS ESTABLISHED.
-D.G. YUENGLING & SON.
-1870: ADOLPHUS BUSCH PIONEERS THE USE OF DOUBLE-
WALLED RAILCARS, A NETWORK OF ICEHOUSES TO MAKE
BUDWEISER THE FIRST NATIONAL BRAND.
-1876: PASTEURIZATION DEVELOPED TO STABILIZE BEERS
22 YEARS BEFORE THE PROCESS WAS APPLIED TO MILK.
-1860: COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION IS DEVELOPED.
-1880: APPROXIMATELY 2,300 BREWERIES IN US.
-1892: THE CROWN CAP IS INVENTED IN BALTIMORE BY
WILLIAM PAINTER.
20. D.G. YUENGLING & SON
“YUENGLING”
-HEADQUARTERED IN POTTSVILLE, PA.
-FOUNDED BY DAVID YUENGLING AS “EAGLE BREWERY” IN 1829.
-CHANGED NAME TO “D.G. YUENGLING & SON” IN 1873 WHEN
FREDERICK YUENGLING JOINED HIS FATHER IN RUNNING THE
COMPANY.
-PRODUCES 3.6 MILLION BARRELS ANNUALLY, WHICH PLACES IT 6TH
AMONG AMERICAN COMMERCIAL BREWERIES.
21. VOLSTEAD ACT
-A BILL ENACTED BY CONGRESS ON OCTOBER 28, 1919 ESTABLISHING THE
LEGAL DEFINITION OF INTOXICATING LIQUOR, AS WELL AS THE
PENALTIES FOR PRODUCING IT.
-PURPOSE:
1) TO PROHIBIT INTOXICATING BEVERAGES (.5% ALCOHOL).
2) TO REGULATE THE MANUFACTURE, PRODUCTION, USE & SALE OF
HIGH-PROOF SPIRITS.
3) TO ENSURE AN AMPLE SUPPLY OF ALCOHOL & PROMOTE ITS USE IN
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL, DYE, &
OTHER LAWFUL INDUSTRIES.
22. PROHIBITION
-18TH AMENDMENT OF CONSTITUTION WAS RATIFIED ON
JANUARY 16, 1919 & WENT INTO EFFECT ON JANUARY 17,
1920.
-IT REDUCED THE AMOUNT OF LIQUOR CONSUMED, BUT
ALSO STIMULATED THE PROLIFERATION OF
UNDERGROUND CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
-BOOTLEGGING: THE ILLEGAL BUSINESS OF
TRANSPORTING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES WHERE SUCH
TRANSPORTATION IS FORBIDDEN BY LAW.
-SPEAKEASY: AN ESTABLISHMENT THAT ILLEGALLY
SOLD ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
-DECEMBER 5, 1933: 21ST AMENDMENT WAS RATIFIED &
REPEALED 18TH AMENDMENT.
24. 1) In the eleven years since hosting its last Super Bowl, New Orleans has completely transformed
itself, establishing new industries, fostering entrepreneurship, and creating an economic impact
through the city’s what?
-CREATIVE ENERGY
2) What three-year-old sports, theater, and entertainment production company, whose timely
entrance into the New Orleans market has made them the city’s premier provider of event design
and management?
-THE SOLOMON GROUP
3) During the rebranding and multi million-dollar renovation of the Mercedes-Benz Superdome, The
Solomon group was hired to design and install a comprehensive multi-media system for the
superdome’s outdoor entertainment venue called what?
-CHAMPION SQUARE
4) What Arizona company has been designing and fabricating graphics for the NFL since Super
Bowl XLII?
-BLUEMEDIA
25. 5) What company created products using 15,000 square feet of fabric from Super Bowl
XLIV banners in order to raise money for several environmental initiatives & make Super
Bowl XLVII the most environmentally-friendly sporting event ever?
-REpurposingNOLA
6) What will the companies Strike It Green & the Green Project be doing in an effort to
bring life to materials that are otherwise thrown out and wasted?
-RECYCLING PROPS, BASE MATERIALS, & CARPETING FROM THE SUPER BOWL SETS
& EVENTS
7) What New Orleans-based company has been given the opportunity to distribute their
fresh fruit cocktails to the masses at The NFL Experience theme park, the NFL Tailgate
Party, and the NFL and Super Bowl Host Committee’s Media Party?
-COOL FRUIT SENSATIONS
27. 1) The Super Bowl drives the sales of how many cases of beer?
-51 MILLION
2) What category of beer is an excellent accompaniment for spicy wings?
-LAGER
3) What brewery's name is taken from the name of an island off the New Hampshire/Maine coast?
-SMUTTYNOSE BREWING COMPANY
4) What Maine brewery specializes on Belgian beer styles?
-ALLAGASH BREWING COMPANY
5) What new York brewery specializes in Belgian-style ales?
-BREWERY OMMEEGANG
6) What family-owned, regional brewery from New York has been in business since the 1800s?
-SARANAC
28.
29. 1) About how long have human beings like us been around?
-100,000 YEARS
2) What happened in 9000BC that changed the world forever?
-HUNTERS & GATHERERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST STOPPED WANDERING & STARTED
FARMING
3) The agricultural revolution was started by what?
-BARLEY
4) Experts originally thought that barley was harvested to make what?
-BREAD
5) How did primitive people 10,000 years ago accidentally stumble across beer?
-HUNTER GATHERERS COLLECTED BARLEY IN POTS. WHEN THEY LEFT IT & IT RAINED THE
WET BARLEY PRODUCED SUGARS. MORE RAIN & WILD YEAST CONVERTS THE BARLEY
INTO CO2 & ALCOHOL. THE FIRST BEER.
30. 6) Experts believe that it was what about beer that changed the world forever?
-BEER’S “FEEL GOOD FACTOR”
7) What was the reason for inventing writing?
-THE NEED TO RECORD THE PRODUCTION & DISTRIBUTION OF COMMODITIES LIKE
BEER
8) One of the most important word lists (dictionary) has over how many words related to
beer?
-160
9) How many jugs of beer did the most powerful Egyptian God Ra ask for in the afterlife?
-1,000
10) What was the going rate of an Egyptian pyramid builder per day?
-1 GALLON OF BEER
31. 11) By the 16th century people drank how many liters of beer per year?
-300
12) Who were the master brewers in medieval Europe?
-MONKS
13) What group of people took over brewing and in the process transformed Europe?
-ENTREPRENEURS
14) What was Ben Franklin's quote about beer?
-BEER IS PROOF THAT GOD LOVES US & WANTS US TO BE HAPPY
15) How did beer save the travelers on the Mayflower & determine where they landed?
-KEPT THEM ALIVE BY KEEPING THEM HYDRATED BECAUSE WATER WOULD SPOIL.
HOPS KEPT THE BEER FROM SPOILING. THE SHIP RAN OUT OF BEER SO THEY HAD TO
LAND AT A CLOSER POINT (PLYMOUTH)
32. 16) Without barley or hops what did the settlers make their beer with to keep
the Plymouth settlement alive?
-ACORNS
17) The struggle for freedom from the British began in what tavern?
-GREEN DRAGON TAVERN IN BOSTON
18) What new type of beer took America by storm in the 19th century?
-LAGER (ARRIVED IN THE 1840’S WITH GERMAN IMMIGRANTS)
19) When was the first commercial fridge invented?
-1881 (THE COLD AMMONIA MACHINE)
20) What did the machine that changed the world make?
-BEER BOTTLES (1904 BY MICHAEL OWENS)
35. 1) WATER
-BEER IS COMPOSED MOSTLY OF WATER (90%).
-DIFFERENT REGIONS HAVE WATER WITH DIFFERENT
MINERAL COMPONENTS THAT ARE BETTER SUITED FOR
MAKING CERTAIN TYPES OF BEER.
-DUBLIN, IRELAND HAS HARD WATER WHICH IS WELL SUITED
FOR A STOUT.
-BURTON, ENGLAND HAS GYPSUM IN ITS WATER WHICH
BENEFITS MAKING PALE ALE.
36. 2) BARLEY
-BEER NEEDS A STARCH SOURCE TO PROVIDE THE
FERMENTABLE MATERIAL.
-THE STARCH SOURCE IS ALSO A KEY DETERMINANT OF THE
STRENGTH & FLAVOR OF THE BEER.
-THE MOST COMMON STARCH SOURCE USED IS BARLEY.
-BARLEY IS A CEREAL GRAIN.
37. 3) HOPS
-HOPS ARE THE FLOWER PORTION OF THE HOP VINE.
-THE MAJOR COMMERCIAL USE OF HOPS IS AS A BEER INGREDIENT.
-HOPS PROVIDE 2 MAIN PURPOSES TO BEER:
1) FLAVORING AGENT
2) PRESERVATIVE AGENT
-HOPS CONTAIN SEVERAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT BREWERS
DESIRE:
-CONTRIBUTE TO A BITTERNESS THAT BALANCES THE
SWEETNESS OF THE MALT (IBV).
-CONTRIBUTE FLORAL, CITRUS, &
HERBAL AROMAS AND FLAVORS TO BEER.
38. 4) YEAST
-A MICRO-ORGANISM CLASSIFIED IN THE FUNGI KINGDOM.
-RESPONSIBLE FOR FERMENTATION IN BEER.
-METABOLISES THE SUGARS EXTRACTED FROM THE BARLEY.
39.
40. 1) MALTING
-THE PROCESS WHERE THE BARLEY IS MADE READY FOR BREWING.
-3 STEPS:
A) STEEPING
-THE BARLEY IS PUT INTO A VAT WITH WATER & SOAKED FOR 40
HOURS.
B) GERMINATION
-THE BARLEY IS SPREAD OUT ON THE FLOOR OF THE GERMINATION
ROOM FOR 5 DAYS TO ALLOW THE STARCHES TO BREAKDOWN.
-THE RESULTING PRODUCT IS CALLED “GREEN MALT.”
C) KILNING
-GREEN MALT IS DRIED OUT USING A HIGH TEMPERATURE KILN.
-WHEN KILNING IS COMPLETE THE FINISHED PRODUCT IS CALLED “MALT.”
41.
42. 2) MASHING
-CONVERTS THE STARCHES RELEASED DURING MALTING INTO
SUGARS THAT CAN BE FERMENTED.
-THE MILLED GRAIN IS DROPPED INTO A LARGE VESSEL CALLED A
“MASH TUN.”
-THE GRAIN & WATER ARE MIXED TOGETHER IN THE MASH TUN TO
CREATE A CEREAL MASH.
44. 4) BOILING
-WORT IS MOVED INTO A LARGE TANK KNOWN AS A
“KETTLE” WHERE IT IS BOILED WITH HOPS.
-IMPORTANT DECISIONS ABOUT FLAVOR, COLOR, &
AROMA ARE MADE DURING THIS STAGE.
45. 5) WHIRLPOOLING
-SEPARATES THE TRUB FROM THE WORT
-TRUB: LEFTOVER SEDIMENT
-SMALLER BREWERIES OFTEN USE THE BREW KETTLE AS
A WHIRLPOOL
46. 6) FERMENTING
-THE HOPPED WORT IS COOLED IN A “HEAT EXCHANGER.”
-AFTER COOLED, IT GOES INTO A “FERMENTATION TANK” WHERE
YEAST IS ADDED.
-DURING FERMENTATION THE SUGARS TURN INTO ALCOHOL.
47. 7) CONDITIONING
-THE FERMENTED LIQUID IS PUT INTO A “CONDITIONING
TANK” & ALLOWED TO AGE FOR SEVERAL WEEKS TO
SEVERAL MONTHS.
51. 1) What category of beer is made with "top-fermenting" strains of yeast which means that the yeast
ferments at the top of the fermentation tank?
-ALE
2) What category of beer ferments best at warmer temperatures, usually around room temperature
and up to about 75° Fahrenheit?
-ALE
3) What category of beer uses "bottom-fermenting" yeasts which sink to the bottom of the tank and
ferment there, and because they collect on the bottom of the tank, they can often be reused?
-LAGER
4) What category of beer ferments at colder temperatures (46-59°F)?
-LAGER
5) What category of beer tends to mature and ferment faster: ales or lagers?
-ALE
52. 6) What category of beer typically ferments over longer periods of time?
-LAGER
7) The word "lager" comes from what German word, and what does that word mean?
-LAGERN
8) What style of beer, a type of pale ale, got its name from the high strength recipe that was needed
for the beer to make the long trip from England to India?
-INDIA PALE ALE (IPA)
9) Pilsner, a type of pale lager, got its name from what city where it was first produced in 1842?
-PILSEN (CZECH REPUBLIC)
10) What was the first pilsner beer in the world?
-PILSNER URQUELL
53. 11) What dark style of beer got its name as a result of its popularity with street & river workers in
London in the 18th century?
-PORTER
12) What type of beer got its name as being a generic term given to the strongest porter beers?
-STOUT
13) What strong, high alcohol content ale beer got its name because it can be strong as wine?
-BARLEYWINE
14) Unlike conventional ales & lagers, what distinctive type of beer is produced by spontaneous
fermentation?
-LAMBIC
15) What German style wheat beer is served in its traditional, unfiltered form?
-HEFEWEIZEN
55. ALCOHOL BY VOLUME (ABV):
-WORLDWIDE STANDARD FOR HOW MUCH ALCOHOL IS CONTAINED IN AN
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE
-BEER IS TYPICALLY AROUND 5%
-SAM ADAMS RELEASED “UTOPIAS” IS 2002 AS THE STRONGEST
COMMERCIAL BEER IN THE WORLD AT 24% ABV
-CURRENT STRONGEST BEER IN THE WORLD IS “ARMAGEDDON” BY
BREWMEISTER (SCOTLAND) AT 65%
56. INTERNATIONAL BITTERNESS UNITS SCALE (IBU):
-PROVIDES A MEASURE OF THE BITTERNESS OF BEER
-DETERMINED BY THE HOPS USED DURING BREWING
-SCALE IS BETWEEN 1-100
-DOGFISH HEAD 60 MINUTE IPA: 60 IBU
-BUD LIGHT: 10 IBU
58. ALE
-ORIGINATED IN BRITAIN
-FERMENTED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE WITH TOP-FERMENTING YEAST
-TENDS TO CONTAIN MORE HOPS & MALT THAN LAGER
-AS A RESULT, ALE HAS A MORE BITTER & NUTTIER TASTE
60. PALE ALE
-TERM ORIGINALLY USED TO DISTINGUISH THESE ALSES FROM PORTERS & STOUTS
-TRADITIONALLY GOLDEN TO COPPER IN COLOR
-HIGH IN FLAVOR & BITTERNESS
62. BROWN ALE
-DRY & SWEET
-VERY LITTLE HOP FLAVOR
-NUTTY TASTING BUT CONTAIN NONE
63. INDIA PALE ALE (IPA)
-STYLE OF PALE ALE DEVELOPED IN ENGLAND IN 1700’s
-TO KEEP BEER FROM SPOILING ON THE TRIP FROM ENGLAND TO INDIA, EXTRA HOPS
WERE ADDED
64. EXTRA SPECIAL BITTER (ESB)
-MEDIUM TO STRONG HOP BITTERNESS (30-55 IBU)
-STRONGER ALCOHOL CONTENT (5-7 ABV)
69. LAMBICS
-REPRESENT THE OLDEST STYLE OF BEER FOUND IN
THE MODERN WORLD
-SPECIFIC TO BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
-DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC IS THE USE OF WILD
YEAST OR “SPONTANEOUS” FERMENTATION
-MOST HAVE FERMENTATION PERIODS OF 2-3 YEARS
IN WOODEN CASKS
