Innovation system life sciences indonesia final-pdf
1. Innovation System on Life Science in Indonesia :
Current status and Future Challenges
Derry Pantjadarma
Technology Policy Assessment Unit
BPPT-AIST Joint Symposium on Life Science and
Technology Innovation
Bogor, 14 November 2013
3. Innovation system
• “..A set of institutions and actors whose interactions
determine the performance of creating innovation,
diffusion and the associated learning.. ( Metcalfe, 1995,
Lundvall 1992, Nelson and Rosenberg 1993 )
• Emphasis on the contextualisation, institutional settings,
interactions and learning of actors
4. Life Sciences
• The essence of mankind ;
• DNA-Protein-Sugar chain-Cell
• Bacteria, Vaccines, Enzymes
• Foundation of health, agriculture, food, industry,
environment
• Research-based Innovation
5. History
• Pioneered by Dutch and English researchers;
– In 16th century Jacob Buntius published Herbarium Amboinese a
compendium of flora in Maluku islands.
– Thomas Stamford Raffles In 1817 Bogor Botanical Garden
– Christian Eijkman established Research laboratory for Pathology and
Bacteriology in 1888
– Establishment of Practical course for Indonesian native nurse.
• The embryo of the School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen
( STOVIA) established in 1898 which then transformed into
Geneeskundige Hoogeschool ( Medical School ) in 1927
– The research institute on crop plantation was established in 1879
( Cultuurtein) whose responsibility include supporting tea, coffee,
tobacco, sugarcane and spices
– Junghuhn developed quinine to cure malaria in 1857
Note : Mr.Eijkman won Nobel Prize in 1929 for his work on the relationship between
vitamin B1 deficiency with beri-beri disease
6. Natural endowment
• Biodiversity; some largest in the world ( marine and
terrestrial )
– Sources of active ingredients, useful bacteria,…..
• Indigenous knowledge ( traditional medicine, herbal and
spices, traditional agricultural practices )
7. Observed Current Status
• Many actors
– Research agencies
– Universities
– Grass root individual researchers
• Fragmented research activities
– Lack of coordination
– Large number of different focuses
– Inefficient funding
• Faced with global challenges ( population, food, energy,
health )
8. STRUCTURE OF THE STI SYSTEM
House of
Reps.
PRESIDENT
Academy
of Sc. Ind.
Coord. Min of
Economy
Other Coord. Min.
NIC & NEC
NRC
Private
Univs.
NM Organizations
Ministrerial R&D
Organizations
Nat. Dev.
Planning
Min. of
Finance
Min. of SOC
Min. Of Educ. &
Cult.
Ed. R&D Org.
State Univs.
Industrial R&D
Agency
BPPT
LIPI
Private R&D
Insts.
Other Ministries
Agr. R&D
Agency
LAPAN
BATAN
Other R&D
Organizations
BAKOSURTANAL
BSN
Extention
Services
BAPETEN
Extention Services
S&T Park
Extention Services
Extention Services
Financerelated SOCs
10 Previous State-owned
Co’s (Strategic
Industries) :
1. PT. DI
2. PT. PAL
3. PT. PINDAD
4. PT. K. STEEL
5. PT. INKA
6. Perum Dahana
7. PT. INTI
8. PT. BHARATA
9. PT. BBI
10. PT. LEN
Other
SOCs
Min. Just &
HR
Other
Ministries
MRT
9. Main Locus of Life science-related Research
House of
Reps.
PRESIDENT
Academy
of Sc. Ind.
Coord. Min of
Economy
Other Coord. Min.
NIC & NEC
NRC
Private
Univs.
NM Organizations
Biofarma,
Kalbe, Sido
Muncul,, ..
Ministrerial R&D
Organizations
Nat. Dev.
Planning
Min. of
Finance
Min. of SOC
Min. Of Educ. &
Cult.
Ed. R&D Org.
State Univs.
ITB,UI,
Industrial R&D
Agency
BPPT
LIPI
Private R&D
Insts.
Other Ministries
BATAN
Other R&D
Organizations
BAKOSURTANAL
BSN
Extention
Services
BAPETEN
Extention Services
S&T Park
Extention Services
Extention Services
Health
Fishery
Forestry
Unair
UGM..
Agr. R&D
Agency
LAPAN
Financerelated SOCs
10 Previous State-owned
Co’s (Strategic
Industries) :
1. PT. DI
2. PT. PAL
3. PT. PINDAD
4. PT. K. STEEL
5. PT. INKA
6. Perum Dahana
7. PT. INTI
8. PT. BHARATA
9. PT. BBI
10. PT. LEN
Min. Just &
HR
Other
Ministries
MRT
Other
SOCs
10. Institutional Type
Organic (functional)
• Individual
• Forum,
• Consortium
• Committee
• Association
Mechanistic (structural)
• Agency
• Faculty
• Directorate
• Centre
• Firm
Different setting, culture, formality,
11. Some Actors in Indonesian Life science
Community
Organic (functional)
• Association of Biology
• Association of Agriculture
Biotechnology
• Biotechnology Consortium
• Bioinformatics Corner UNAIR
• National Committee on Jamu
Scientification
• Biomaterial Indonesia
• Rice breeder (mlatiharjo.com)
• …………….
Mechanistic (structural)
• Institute of Biotechnology and
Genetic Resources, Agency for
Agricultural Research
• Eijkman Institute
• Centre for Biotechnology LIPI
• Centre for Biotechnology
BPPT
• Faculty of Pharmacy ITB
• Kalbe Farma
• ……………………………….
12. Innovation performance
Positional Analysis of
Indonesia’s scientific
Publication 2000-2010
Sources : Scopus
(Elsevier) by Science
metrix, Y.Nugroho (2013)
Life sciences-based
Research perform
well
13. • International journal; during 2008-2010; agricultural
sciences (454), biological sciences (550), medicine (603);
• Domestic scientific journal; 1179 publication in 2010;
predominantly agricultural and biological sciences (406)
and medicine (167)
• Number of researcher in university (2009); 24.867
agricultural sciences (18%), medical sciences (15%) ,
technology sciences (14%)
• Research Expenditure State University (2009) ~ Rp.1,817
Bio ( 717.2 MioUS $ ) ; natural sciences 29.03%;
agriculture and environmental sciences ( 20.96%),
medical sciences ( 8.58%)
S&T Indicator (LIPI,2011)
14. YOUTH FOCUSED ~ DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
China
1,3 Bi
India
1,2 Bi
US
310 Mn
Indonesia
242 Mn
Brazil
Of the 240 million people in Indonesia, over 60% of the population is under 39 years
old, providing a dynamic workforce.
2010
2030 (Est)
2050 (Est)
Age 100+
Age 0
14
15. Young scientists ?
•
•
•
•
•
Early science education
Promotion of talented youth
Young scientists exchange
Encourage open innovation
Nurture start-ups in biotechnology
16. Life science three pillars towards Innovation Policy
Specialized biotechnology
firms developing high-end
products
Science base :
University,
Research Centres
BPPT
LIPI
Agriculture Research
Agency
Health Research Agency
Eijkman Institute
ITB, UNAIR, UGM,UI
……………………
?
Users ;
Sector,Industry
Food
Agriculture
Health
Pharmaceutical
Environment
Energy
Pavitt,”Managing
Innovation, 1997
17. Observed Current Status
• Limited linkage the science base with;
– Users :
•
•
•
•
•
Food Industry ; 330 firms
Pharmaceutical Industry ; 24 MNC and 190 National
Agriculture
Health
Environment
• But..
– Research consortium on vaccines ( industry-university-research
institute )
– Functional food commercialization ( industry-research institute )
– WHO collaborating Centres for Prevention and Control of
Micronutrient Malnutrition ( international linkage )
– .etc
18. How life science researcher influence innovation policy
making ?
POLICY
The content, substance and
mechanism. What is done and
what are the effects
POLITICS
The process by which
policy is decided upon and
implemented
POLITY
The institutional framework ( including
political culture ) in which policies are
defined and implemented
Edler,2008
19. Policies related to life science
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Education
Research
Exploitation
Regulation
Demand
Industrial development
Fiscal
Source : Handoyo, Analisis kebijakan
Inovasi Bioteknologi,LIPI
20. THE NEEDS FOR MORE INTEGRATED & COHERENT POLICY
FRAMEWORK
Renewed Policy Framework
& Measures
Partial & Fragmented
Policy Measures
More Coherent & Synergetic
Policy Framework & Measures
Research
Education
Exploitation
Industrial
Development
Regulatory ( IPR,
quarantine,
ethics )
Handoyo, 2009,
Taufik,2013
Demand
Fiscal
Better Ecosystems for Innovation
21. Future common challenges
•
•
•
•
•
•
Increased population
Changed demographic structure
Higher need for food, energy, medicines, goods, services
Climate change
Degrading environment
Open global market
22. Concluding Remarks
•
•
•
•
Innovation system in Indonesia still early stage
Strengthening linkages and improving governance
Research based policy making
How to develop strategy in collaboration BPPT-AIST to
produce sustainable solutions to global challenges
• Integrate life science research (cells processes, genomes,
bioinformatics ) with industry (enzymes, biofuels,
bioplastics ) , health ( new therapeutics and diagnostics )
and primary production ( food, feedstock, fibre and
cellulosic crops )The Bioeconomy to 2030 : Designing Policy Agenda OECD
• Promote innovation policy in life science
23. Bring actors with different both perspectives and goals
together toward a common position
Source : Influencing and
Collaborating for Results,
Duke Publishing, 2005
