Cloud Foundry: Inside the Machine

Inside The Machine Derek CollisonThursday, October 27, 11

What is Cloud Foundry? 2Thursday, October 27, 11

The Open Platform as a Service 3Thursday, October 27, 11

What is PaaS? 4Thursday, October 27, 11

Or more specifically, aPaaS? 5Thursday, October 27, 11

aPaaS • Application Platform as a Service • Applications and Services 6Thursday, October 27, 11

aPaaS • Application Platform as a Service • Applications and Services • Not • VMs • Memory • Storage • Networks • CPU 7Thursday, October 27, 11

What is OpenPaaS? 8Thursday, October 27, 11

OpenPaaS • Multi-Language • Multi-Framework • Multi-Services • Multi-Cloud, Multi-IaaS • Hybrid - Public or Private or Both • OpenSource 9Thursday, October 27, 11

OpenPaaS • Multi-Language • Ruby, Java, Scala, Node.js, Erlang, Python, PHP.. • Multi-Framework • Rails, Sinatra, Spring, Grails, Express, Lift • Multi-Services • MySQL, Postgres, MongoDB, Redis, RabbitMQ • Multi-Cloud, Multi-IaaS • vSphere, MicroCloud, OpenStack, AWS 10Thursday, October 27, 11

The Open PaaS Ap pli Private ca ce tio rfa Data Clouds n e Services Int Se Public rvi er vid ce Msg Services Clouds ro Int dP e Micro rfa ou Clouds ce Other Cl Services 11Thursday, October 27, 11

The Open PaaS Ap pli vFabric Private ca ce Postgres tio rfa Data Clouds n e Services Int Se Public rvi er vFabric vid ce RabbitMQTM Msg Services Clouds ro Int dP e Micro rfa ou Clouds ce Other Cl Services 11Thursday, October 27, 11

What is our Goal? 12Thursday, October 27, 11

What was our Goal? Raise the unit of currency to be the application and its associated services, not the infrastructure 13Thursday, October 27, 11

What was our Goal? Best of breed delivery platform for all modern applications and frameworks 14Thursday, October 27, 11

What was our Goal? Favor Choice and Openness 15Thursday, October 27, 11

How was it Built? 16Thursday, October 27, 11

How was it Built? • Kernel (CloudFoundry OSS) • Core PaaS System • Kernel and Orchestrator Shells • Layered on top of IaaS • Orchestrator • IaaS creation, management and orchestration 17Thursday, October 27, 11

High Level Clients (VMC, STS, Browser) CF Kernel Orchestrator IaaS Hardware - CPU/Memory/Disk/Network 18Thursday, October 27, 11

Basic Premises • Fail Fast • Self Healing • Horizontally Scalable Components • Distributed State • No Single Point of Failure • Should be as simple as possible 19Thursday, October 27, 11

Basic Patterns • Event-Driven • Asynchronous • Non-blocking • Independent, Idempotent • Message Passing • Eventually Consistent 20Thursday, October 27, 11

Basic Design • All components loosely coupled • Few “Classes”, many “Instances” • Messaging as foundation • Addressing and Component Discovery • Command and Control • JSON payloads • HTTP or File/Blob for data transport 21Thursday, October 27, 11

Kernel Components • All dynamically discoverable • Launch and scale in any order • Can come and go as needed • Monitor via HTTP and JSON • Location independent 22Thursday, October 27, 11

Kernel Components • Router • CloudController • DEA • HealthManager • Service Provisioning Agent • Messaging System 23Thursday, October 27, 11

Logical View Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 24Thursday, October 27, 11

Architecture 25Thursday, October 27, 11

Messaging 26Thursday, October 27, 11

Messaging “The Nervous System” 27Thursday, October 27, 11

Messaging Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 28Thursday, October 27, 11

Messaging • Addressing and Discovery • No static IPs or DNS lookups req’d • Just Layer 4 • Command and Control • Central communication system • Dial tone, fire and forget • Protects *itself* at all costs • Idempotent semantics 29Thursday, October 27, 11

Router 30Thursday, October 27, 11

Router “Traffic Cop” 31Thursday, October 27, 11

Router Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 32Thursday, October 27, 11

Router • Handles all HTTP traffic • Maintains distributed routing state • Routes URLs to applications • Distributes load among instances • Realtime distributed updates to routing tables from DEAs 33Thursday, October 27, 11

CloudController 34Thursday, October 27, 11

CloudController “The King” 35Thursday, October 27, 11

CloudController Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 36Thursday, October 27, 11

CloudController • Handles all state transitions • Deals with users, apps, and services • Packages and Stages applications • Binds Services to Applications • Presents external REST API 37Thursday, October 27, 11

HealthManager 38Thursday, October 27, 11

HealthManager “Court Jester” 39Thursday, October 27, 11

HealthManager Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 40Thursday, October 27, 11

HealthManager • Monitors the state of the world • Initial value with realtime delta updates to “intended” vs “real” • Determines drift • Complains to the CloudControllers when something is not correct • No power to change state itself 41Thursday, October 27, 11

DEA 42Thursday, October 27, 11

DEA “Droplet Execution Agent” 43Thursday, October 27, 11

DEA Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 44Thursday, October 27, 11

DEA (Droplet Execution Agent) • Responsible for running all applications • Monitors all applications • CPU, Mem, IO, Threads, Disk, FDs, etc • All apps look same to DEA • start and stop • Express ability and desire to run an application • runtimes, options, cluster avoidance, memory/cpu • Alerts on any change in state of applications • Provides secure/constrained OS runtime • Hypervisor, Unix File and User, Linux Containers* • Single or Multi-Tenant 45Thursday, October 27, 11

How does it all Work? 46Thursday, October 27, 11

Pushing an App • Client (VMC/STS) pushes meta-data to CC • Client optionally pushes resource signatures (diff analysis, sys wide) • Client pushes app resources to CC • CC puts app together • CC stages app asynchronously • CC binds and stages services • Droplet ready 47Thursday, October 27, 11

Running an App • CC asks DEAs for “help” • First DEA back wins! Simple • CC sends start request to selected DEA • DEA pushes the “green” button • DEA waits and monitors pid and ephemeral port for app to bind • When app is healthy, sends “register” message • Register message is seen by HM and Routers • Routers bind URL to host:port 49Thursday, October 27, 11

DEAs answer? • DEAs first determine YES or NO • correct runtime, options, memory, etc • Then calculate a Delay Taint • SHA hash of application • memory • cpu • Taint allows balancing and selection 50Thursday, October 27, 11

Scale up & down? • Exact steps as running the app the first time • SHA1 taint helps avoid clustering • memory/cpu taint helps distribute as evenly as possible • Nothing pre-computed • Nothing assumed 51Thursday, October 27, 11

Crashes? • If your app stops and we did not tell it to, that is a crash • Crashed apps are immediately detected by DEA and messaged • Routers disconnect route instantly • HM will signal CC • something is wrong • CC will issue run sequence again 52Thursday, October 27, 11

Access to my App? • All routers understand where all instances of your application are running • Will randomly pick backend, not semantically aware. • Will remove routes that are stale or unhealthy • Session stickiness and replication available, but best to avoid if possible 54Thursday, October 27, 11

What about Services? 55Thursday, October 27, 11

Services Browser VMC client STS plugin (user app access) Routers CloudControllers App App HealthManager Services DEA Pool Messaging 56Thursday, October 27, 11

Services • Service Advertisement • Service Provisioning • Gateway fronts multi-backends • Service Nodes scale independent • App and service talk directly • API to register into system • Closure for additional value 57Thursday, October 27, 11

Provisioning VMC/STS 1 Routers 2 CloudControllers Services Gateway 3 5 6 4 Service Node Service Node Service Node Application MySQL Redis Redis Messaging 58Thursday, October 27, 11

Access (Direct) Browser (user app access) 1 Routers CloudControllers Services Gateway Service Node Service Node Service Node Application MySQL Redis Redis 2 Messaging 59Thursday, October 27, 11

Services VMware Dev Tools Partner Dev Tools Cloud Foundry consume Enterprise Services apps consume bind Data Director provision/bind service service broker controller SQLFire core services Relational DB vSphere 60Thursday, October 27, 11

Learn more: www.cloudfoundry.org blog.cloudfoundry.com support.cloudfoundry.com 61Thursday, October 27, 11

Thank You 62Thursday, October 27, 11

Questions? dcollison@vmware.com derek.collison@gmail.com twitter: derekcollison 63Thursday, October 27, 11

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Cloud Foundry: Inside the Machine

by Derek Collison

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