Moving a high traffic ZF1 Enterprise Application to SF2 - Lessons learned

Moving a ZF1 Application to SF2
-
Lessons learned
Baldur Rensch

Agenda
About me
What is Hautelook
HAL
Before
Switching to Symfony
Lessons Learned

About me
architecting at Hautelook
contributing on GitHub: @baldurrensch
opinionating on twitter: @brensch

What is ?
Member only
shopping site
Private, limited-
time sale events
daily email
invitation at 8am

Some stats
Alexa trafﬁc rank for US: 847
More than 12 million members (on average 20k new
members per day)
Up to 200 orders per minute
Massive trafﬁc spikes (remember, 8am)
[1]

[1]
Some stats
Alexa trafﬁc rank for US: 847
More than 12 million members (on average 20k new
members per day)
Up to 200 orders per minute
Massive trafﬁc spikes (remember, 8am) daily

Our stack
API
Website Admin
Mobile Clients
(iOS / Android)
HAL+JSON HAL+JSON HAL+JSON
[13, 14]

class V4_Controller_Cart extends Halo_Rest_ViewController
{
public function get()
{
$service = new V4_Service_Cart;
! !
! ! $params = $this->getRequest()->getParams();
$response = $service->resource($params);
! !
! ! if ($response->getSuccess()) {
$this->getResponse()->setHttpResponseCode(200);
} else {
}
$this->view->member_id = (int) $params['member_id'];
$this->service_response = $response;
}
View
Controller
Service
Model

View
Controller
Service
Model
Call the service
{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}

View
Controller
Service
Model
Prepare for response
{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}

{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
public function resource(array $data)
{
$this->checkMemberId($data['member_id']);
$input = new Zend_Filter_Input(
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'member_id' => array(
'Int',
'presence' => 'required'
),
),
$data
);
if (!$input->isValid()) {
return $this->response(false, $input);
}
$cart_items_model = $this->getComponent('V4_Model_CartItems');
$items = $cart_items_model->itemsForMember($input->member_id);
foreach ($items as $k => $item) {
$items[$k]['status'] = $this->statusMap($item['cart_item_status']);
$styles_service = $this->getComponent('V4_Service_Styles');
$style = $styles_service->resource(array(
'event_id' => $item['event_id'],
'style_num' => $item['style_num'],
));
$items[$k]['style'] = $style->getData();
}
$result = array(
'gift_checkout' => $gift_checkout,
'items' => $items,
);
return $this->response(true, $result);
}
View
Controller
Service
Model

{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
View
Controller
Service
Model
Input Validation
{
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'Int',
),
),
$data
);
}
));
}
$result = array(
'items' => $items,
);
}

{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
View
Controller
Service
Model
Call model
{
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'Int',
),
),
$data
);
}
));
}
$result = array(
'items' => $items,
);
}

{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
View
Controller
Service
Model
Prepare for response
{
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'Int',
),
),
$data
);
}
));
}
$result = array(
'items' => $items,
);
}

{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
{
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'Int',
),
),
$data
);
}
));
}
$result = array(
'items' => $items,
);
}
<?php
class V4_Model_CartItems
{
public function itemsForMember($member_id)
{
$db = Zend_Registry::get('db');
$q = <<<EOT
SELECT cart_id, cart_items.event_id, cart_items.sku, quantity,
cart_item_status, expires_at, (...)
EOT;
$result = $db->fetchAll($q, $member_id);
return $result;
}
}
View
Controller
Service
Model
Run some SQL

View
{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
{
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'Int',
),
),
$data
);
}
));
}
$result = array(
'items' => $items,
);
}
<?php
{
{
$q = <<<EOT
EOT;
return $result;
}
}
protected function modifyData(Halo_Response $service_response)
{
$member_id = $this->member_id;
$data = $service_response->getData();
$items = $data['items'];
unset($data['items']);
$cart = new Hal_Resource("/v4/members/{$member_id}/cart", $data);
$cart->setLink(new Hal_Link("/v4/members/{$member_id}/checkout",
'http://hautelook.com/rels/checkout'));
foreach ($items as $item) {
$event_id = $item['sku']['event_id'];
$color = $item['sku']['color'];
$expires = new DateTime($item['expires_at']);
$cart_data = array(
'quantity' => (int) $item['quantity'],
(...)
);
$sku_data = array(
'event_id' => $event_id,
(...)
);
if (isset($item['style']['images'][strtolower($color)])) {
$images = $item['style']['images'][strtolower($color)]['angles'];
}
$image_link = $images[0]['zoom'];
$style = new Hal_Resource("/v4/events/{$event_id}/styles/{$item['style_num']}", $style_data);
$r = new Hal_Resource("/v4/members/{$member_id}/cart/{$item['cart_id']}", $cart_data);
$style->setEmbedded('http://hautelook.com/rels/sku', $sku);
$style->setLink(new Hal_Link($image_link, 'http://hautelook.com/rels/images/style/zoom'));
$r->setEmbedded('http://hautelook.com/rels/styles', $style);
$cart->setEmbedded('http://hautelook.com/rels/cart-items', $r);
}
$service_response->success($cart->toArray());
}
Controller
Service
Model

View
{
{
! !
! !
} else {
}
}
{
array(
'*' => 'StringTrim'
),
array(
'Int',
),
),
$data
);
}
));
}
$result = array(
'items' => $items,
);
}
<?php
{
{
$q = <<<EOT
EOT;
return $result;
}
}
protected function modifyData(Halo_Response $service_response)
{
$member_id = $this->member_id;
$data = $service_response->getData();
$items = $data['items'];
unset($data['items']);
$cart = new Hal_Resource("/v4/members/{$member_id}/cart", $data);
$cart->setLink(new Hal_Link("/v4/members/{$member_id}/checkout",
'http://hautelook.com/rels/checkout'));
foreach ($items as $item) {
$event_id = $item['sku']['event_id'];
$color = $item['sku']['color'];
$expires = new DateTime($item['expires_at']);
$cart_data = array(
'quantity' => (int) $item['quantity'],
(...)
);
$sku_data = array(
'event_id' => $event_id,
(...)
);
if (isset($item['style']['images'][strtolower($color)])) {
$images = $item['style']['images'][strtolower($color)]['angles'];
}
$image_link = $images[0]['zoom'];
$style = new Hal_Resource("/v4/events/{$event_id}/styles/{$item['style_num']}", $style_data);
$r = new Hal_Resource("/v4/members/{$member_id}/cart/{$item['cart_id']}", $cart_data);
$style->setEmbedded('http://hautelook.com/rels/sku', $sku);
$style->setLink(new Hal_Link($image_link, 'http://hautelook.com/rels/images/style/zoom'));
$r->setEmbedded('http://hautelook.com/rels/styles', $style);
$cart->setEmbedded('http://hautelook.com/rels/cart-items', $r);
}
$service_response->success($cart->toArray());
}
Controller
Service
Model
Convert array results to HAL+Json,
yuck!

Issues
This is ﬁne when you have 5 end points and simple
responses.
Lots of boiler plate code
Zend Framework 1 did not scale very well. We
constantly had to overwrite parts of the framework.

Moving from Imperative to Declarative
Programming
[4,5]
Imperative Declarative
“In computer science,
imperative programming is a
programming paradigm that
describes computation in
terms of statements that
change a program state.”
declarative programming is a
expresses the logic of a
computation without
describing its control ﬂow.”

[4,5]
Imperative Declarative
imperative programming is a
describes computation in
terms of statements that
change a program state.”
declarative programming is a
expresses the logic of a
computation without
describing its control ﬂow.”
Moving from Imperative to Declarative
Programming

Let’s use Symfony
instead, shall we?
[2]

Advantages:
Symfony allows for way more declarative programming
which allows us to write less code.
Allows us to extend way easier. And it’s actually fun.
Community is great.

Bundles we use
Friends of Symphony: RestBundle
Nelmio: ApiDocBundle, SolariumBundle
JMS: SerializerBundle
Football Social Club: HateoasBundle
Hautelook: GearmanBundle

/**
* This function returns a member's cart
*
* @Route("/members/{memberId}/cart", requirements = { "memberId" = "d+" } )
* @Method({"GET"})
*
* @ApiDoc(
* resource=true,
* description="Retrieve a member's cart",
* statusCodes={
* 200="Returned when successful",
* 400="Returned when the request is not well-formed",
* 403="Returned when the user is not authorized or not owner or have no admin access",
* 404="Returned when the member is not found"
* }
* )
*
* @param int $memberId
*
* @return Response
*/
public function getCartAction($memberId)
{
$member = $this->get('hautelook.model.member')->getMemberAndValidate($memberId);
$cart = $this->get('hautelook.model.cart')->getCart($member);
$response = $this->get('serializer')->serialize($cart, 'json');
$response = new Response($response);
$response->headers->set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
$response->setETag(md5($response->getContent()));
return $response;
}
Controller
Service
Model/
View

Controller
Service
Model/
View
Routing, Input
Validation
/**
*
* @Method({"GET"})
*
* @ApiDoc(
* resource=true,
* statusCodes={
* }
* )
*
*
* @return Response
*/
{
$response->headers->set('Content-Type', 'application/hal+json');
return $response;
}

Controller
Service
Model/
View
Documentation
/**
*
* @Method({"GET"})
*
* @ApiDoc(
* resource=true,
* statusCodes={
* }
* )
*
*
* @return Response
*/
{
return $response;
}

Controller
Service
Model/
View
Call Service to get data
/**
*
* @Method({"GET"})
*
* @ApiDoc(
* resource=true,
* statusCodes={
* }
* )
*
*
* @return Response
*/
{
return $response;
}

Controller
Service
Model/
View
Create
response
/**
*
* @Method({"GET"})
*
* @ApiDoc(
* resource=true,
* statusCodes={
* }
* )
*
*
* @return Response
*/
{
return $response;
}

public function getCart(Members $member)
{
$cartItems = $this->doctrine->getRepository("HautelookApiBundle:CartItems")
->getCartItems($member->getMemberId());
$cartItemArray = array();
foreach ($cartItems as $cartItem) {
$cartItemArray []= new CartItem($cartItem);
}
$cart = new CartModel($member, $cartItemArray);
return $cart;
}
Controller
Service
Model/
View

Controller
Service
Model/
View
Get entities from database
{
}
return $cart;
}

Controller
Service
Model/
ViewConvert to view
model
Get entities from database
{
}
return $cart;
}

use JMSSerializerAnnotation as JMS;
use FSCHateoasBundleAnnotation as Rest;
/**
* @author Baldur Rensch <baldur.rensch@hautelook.com>
*
* @RestRelation("self",
* href = @RestRoute("hautelook_api_cart_getcart",
* parameters = { "memberId": ".member.memberId" }
* )
* )
* @RestRelation("http://hautelook.com/rels/cart/item",
* ),
* embed = @RestContent(
* property = ".cartItems"
* )
* )
*/
class Cart
Controller
Service
Model/
View

/**
*
* )
* )
* ),
* )
* )
*/
class Cart
Link
Controller
Service
Model/
View

/**
*
* )
* )
* ),
* )
* )
*/
class Cart
Embedded
Controller
Service
Model/
View

URI Templates are sexy
There is a RFC for it: RFC-6570
[6, 7, 12]
/demo?{&page}{&sort%5B%5D*}{&ﬁlter%5B%5D*}
1 And are the magic that make Hateoas possible
1

There is a bundle for it™: TemplatedURIBundle
[6, 7, 12]1 And are the magic that make Hateoas possible
1

$templateLink = $this->get('hautelook.router.template')->generate('hautelook_demo_route',
array(
'page' => '{page}',
'sort' => array('{sort}'),
'filter' => array('{filter}'),
)
);
1

array(
'page' => '{page}',
)
);
It even integrates with the HateoasBundle:
1
hautelook_style_image_resizable:
pattern: /resizer/{width}x{height}/products/{styleNum}/{size}/{imageId}.jpg
defaults:
width: "{width}"
height: "{height}"

/**
* @RestRelation("http://hautelook.com/rels/image/resizable",
* href = @RestRoute("hautelook_style_image_resizable",
* parameters = { "styleNum": ".solrDocument.styleNum", "imageId": ".firstImageId" },
* options = { "router": "templated" }
* ),
* excludeIf = { ".firstImageId": null },
* attributes = { "templated": true }
* )
*/
array(
'page' => '{page}',
)
);
It even integrates with the HateoasBundle:
1

Documentation with NelmioAPIDocBundle

Yeay,
RESTful :)

HTML form -
makes testing
easy

Measuring performance with declarative
programming
Why its difﬁcult
[8, 9, 10]

programming
/**
*
* )
* )
* ),
* )
* )
*/
class Cart
Why its difﬁcult
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
XHProf to the rescue
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
Hierarchical function-level proﬁler
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
PHP Extension
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
PHP Extension
Written by Facebook
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
PHP Extension
Written by Facebook
XHGui on top of XHProf
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
PHP Extension
Written by Facebook
Uses a shared database backend
[8, 9, 10]

programming
Why its difﬁcult
PHP Extension
Written by Facebook
Uses a shared database backend
There is a bundle for that™ as well!
[8, 9, 10]

Which functions
are most
expensive?

How often was a
function called,
how long did it
take?

Lessons learned
Large scale Symfony deployments are not that
common

Lessons learned
common
A lot of modules that larger applications need don’t
exist

Lessons learned
common
exist
Example: Session storage in multiple storage layers
such as: Memcached and Database

Lessons learned
common
exist
Example: Session storage in multiple storage layers
such as: Memcached and Database
There is a bundle for that™ now as well:
SessionStorageHandlerChainBundle
[11]

Lessons learned
common
exist
Need more documentation / community around
enterprise level Symfony development

Lessons learned
common
exist
Need more documentation / community around
enterprise level Symfony development
Our Developers love developing in Symfony

Questions?
Let’s get in touch for feedback, questions, discussion
Leave feedback at: https://joind.in/8676
Connect on Twitter or Github.

Sources
[1] http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/hautelook.com
[2] http://fc08.deviantart.net/fs50/f/2009/280/3/c/And_Then_There_Was_Light_by_GTwerks.jpg
[3] http://stateless.co/hal_speciﬁcation.html
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_programming
[6] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6570
[7] https://github.com/hautelook/TemplatedUriBundle
[8] https://github.com/facebook/xhprof
[9] https://github.com/preinheimer/xhprof
[10] https://github.com/jonaswouters/XhprofBundle
[11] https://github.com/hautelook/SessionStorageHandlerChainBundle
[12] https://github.com/fxa/uritemplate-js
[13] https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hautelook.mcom&hl=en
[14] https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hautelook/id390783984?mt=8

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