If You’re Always Working, You’re Never Working Well

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If You’re Always Working, You’re Never Working Well
HBR Blog Network | August 1, 2014
In early April a series of reports appeared online in the United States and the United Kingdom lamenting
the “lazy French.” A new labor law in France had apparently banned organizations from e-mailing their
employees after 6 p.m. In fact, it turned out to be more a case of “lazy journalists” than “lazy French”:
as The Economist explained, the “law” was not a law at all but a labor agreement aimed at improving
health among a specific group of professionals, and there wasn’t even a hard curfew for
digital communication.
Like all myths, however, this one revealed a set of abiding values subscribed to by the folk who
perpetuated it. Brits and Americans have long suspected that the French (and others) are goofing off
while they — the good corporate soldiers — continue to toil away. They’re proud about it too. A Gallup
poll, released in May, found that most U.S. workers see their constant connection with officemates as a
positive. In the age of the smartphone, there’s no such thing as “downtime,” and we profess to be
happier — and more productive — for it.
Are we, though? After reviewing thousands of books, articles and papers on the topic and interviewing
dozens of experts in fields from neurobiology and psychology to education and literature, I don’t think so.
When we accept this new and permanent ambient workload — checking business news in bed or
responding to coworkers’ emails during breakfast — we may believe that we are dedicated, tireless
workers. But, actually, we’re mostly just getting the small, easy things done. Being busy does not equate
to being effective.
And let’s not forget about ambient play, which often distracts us from accomplishing our most important
tasks. Facebook and Twitter report that their sites are most active during office hours. After all, the
employee who’s required to respond to her boss on Sunday morning will think nothing of responding to
friends on Wednesday afternoon. And research shows that these digital derailments are costly: it’s not
only the minutes lost responding to a tweet but also the time and energy required to “reenter” the original
task. As Douglas Gentile, a professor at Iowa State University who studies the effects of media on
attention spans, explains, “Everyone who thinks they’re good at multitasking is wrong. We’re actually
multiswitching [and] giving ourselves extra work.”
Each shift of focus sets our brain back and creates a cumulative attention debt, resulting in a harried
workforce incapable of producing sustained burst of creative energy. Constant connection means that
we’re “always at work”, yes, but also that we’re “never at work” — fully.
People and organizations looking for brave new ideas or significant critical thinking need to recognize
that disconnection is therefore sometimes preferable to connection. You don’t ask a jogger who just ran

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six miles to compete in a sprint, so why would you ask an executive who’s been answering a pinging
phone all morning to deliver top-drawer content at his next meeting?
Some parts of the workforce do rely on constant real-time communication. But others should demand and
be given proper breaks from the digital maelstrom. Batch-processing email is one easy solution. Do it a
few times a day and reserve the rest of your time for real work. Most colleagues and clients will survive
without a response for three hours, and if it’s truly urgent, they can pick up the phone.
The great tech historian Melvin Kranzberg said, “technology is neither good nor bad, nor is it neutral.”
That statement should become a real tenant of the information age. I don’t advocate abstinence or
blanket rules like that fictional post-6 p.m. email ban. (Though, if you want to try unplugging for a
weekend, check out my “analog August” challenge.)
However, I do think our cult of connectivity has gone too far. We can’t keep falling prey to ambient work or
play. Instead, we must actively decide on our level of tech engagement at different times to maximize
productivity, success, and happiness.