Pushing the boundaries of what can be known

1. Scientific instruments have opened up
sensory domains far beyond the
constraints of biological perception.
Technology has extended our phenotype
enormously and has pushed the
boundaries of what can be known...
Atomic Emission Spectrum of Carbon. Photo: Astronomy.ohio-state.edu

2. Large Hadron Collider at CERN
Image of a 7 teraelectronvolt proton-proton collision in the Compact Muon Solenoid
(CMS) detector.producing more than 100 charged particles.

3. Scanning Tunneling Microscope
A novel use of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to substitute atoms into a
semiconductor, one atom at a time, in this case to make manganese-doped gallium
arsenide. Photo: Yazdani Lab-Visualizing Quantum States of Matter

4. X-ray Diffraction
Rosalind Franklin’s Photo 51 of DNA

5. Electron Micrograph
Mouse liver cell. Magnification approximately 12,000 times.
Photo : Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory

6. Scanning Electron Microscope
Human T cell (blue) is under attack by HIV (yellow)
Photo: Pincus et al. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

7. Light Microscope
Amoeba. Photo: Wim van Egmond

8. Medical X-ray
Photo: Harvard Medical School

9. Ultrasound
Photo: Bradshaw family

10. Optical Telescope
Mattie Shoes. Harvest Moon.
Canon digital Rebel XTi on an 8 inch Newtonian telescope

11. SOHO Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope
Sunspot 1026 crackling with magnetic activity, recorded by the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (SOHO) extreme UV telescope

12. Lovell Radio Space Telescope
Radio image of "cigar" galaxy, Messier 82 located in the Ursa Minor
Constellation 12 million light years away from Earth.
Photo: T.W.B. Muxlow at al. NRAL, University of Manchester, Jodrell

13. Hubble Space Telescope
Messier 51, also known as the Whirlpool Galaxy, and its companion galaxy.

14. Chandra X-ray Space Telescope
Spiral galaxy Messier 106 which 20-25 light years from Earth. The X-ray portion of the
image is blue. The "ghostly arms" represent regions of gas that are being violently heated
by shock waves.
Photo: NASA/CXC/Univ. of Maryland/A.S. Wilson et al. and Pal.Obs. DSS; IR: NASA/JPL-
Caltech; VLA: NRAO/AUI/NSF

15. Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope
Infrared images from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-field Infrared Survey
Explorer (WISE) are combined in this image of RCW 86, the dusty remains of an
exploding supernova.

16. Cobe Microwave Space Telescope
Collage snapshot of the Universe's Cosmic MICROWAVE Background Radiation
Anisotropy. Photo: NASA

17. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
This view shows the entire sky at energies greater than 1 GeV based on five years of data
from the LAT instrument on NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Brighter colors
indicate brighter gamma-ray sources. Photo: NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration