1. The
State
of
the
Art
in
the
Field
of
Public
Transport
Coordination
By
Michelle
DeRobertis
PE
• The
first
city
to
establish
a
single
agency
to
coordinate
and
integrate
metropolitan
public
transport
was
in
Hamburg
Germany.
This
agency
is
called
a
“verkehrsverbund”.
England
uses
the
term
Public
Transport
Authority
or
Enterprise.
The
concept
was
to
“coordinate”
not
“consolidate”.
• The
successful
model
quickly
spread
to
other
cities
in
Germany,
then
western
Europe
as
well
as
South
Africa
(Raboroko
and
Whitehead,
2009)
and
Brazil
(Peixoto,
2009).
• The
Association
of
European
Metropolitan
Transport
Authorities
(EMTA)
was
formed
in
1998
to
serve
as
a
“venue
for
exchange
of
information
and
best
practices”.
Summary
of
how
it
works
in
the
Greater
Stuttgart
Region,
Germany
The
Greater
Stuttgart
Region
has
179
municipalities
and
40+
transit
operators,
1000
square
miles,
2.4
million
people.
The
VVS
(Tariff
and
Transit
Agency-­‐
Verkehrs-­‐und
Tarifverbund
Stuttgart)
was
established
in
1978.
It
coordinates
all
40+
transit
agencies
in
terms
of
fare
coordination;
revenue
collection
and
distribution;
schedule
coordination
and
conceptual
planning.
VVS
Governing
Board
is
composed
of:
50%
representatives
of
political
jurisdictions
and
50%
transit
operators.