1. WRITING THE STORY –THE OUTLINE 
I The TITLE
- Make itreferto a person,thing,place orevent
- Adddots,exclamationorquestionmarktoitto make it soundmore dramatic
II Before youstart, decide on:
- What happened?
- Where ithappened?
- Whenit happened?
- How ithappened?
- Why ithappened?
- How itended?
- Whetherit’sa 1st
personnarrative:
and so if it’sjusta memoryof a past event,a reflectionof it(Introduction:Before it
happened+Main Body:What happened+ Conclusion),
or it is a storyof suspense where eventsleadtoa certainclimax (Introduction+Main Body:
Before ithappened,Whathappened,How itended+Conclusions)
- Whetherit’sa 3rd
personnarrative:
(Introduction:who,where,when,why+ MainBody: whathappenedfirst/ whatoccurred
next/climax +Conclusions:the end,yourfeelings,comments)
II Techniques to beginor end a story
Start your storyby:
- Describingweather,surroundings,people,etc.usingthe senses
- Usingdirectspeech
- Askinga rhetorical question (-expectsnoanswer)
- Creating mysteryorsuspense
- Referringtoyourfeelingsormoods
- Addressingthe readerdirectly
End yourstory by:
- Usingdirectspeech
- Referringtoyourfeelingsormoods
- Describingpeople’sreactionstothe eventsdevelopedinthe mainbody
- Creatingmysteryorsuspense
- Askinga rhetorical question
More than one technique canbe usedinthe beginningorendingof yourstory.Theydefinitelymake
your narrative more interesting,soall well worththe effort .

2. III Remember to:
- Use a varietyof sophisticatedadjectives, adverbsandverbs todescribe reactions,senses,
emotions,atmosphere andactioninthe story
- Use narrative tensesandstructures i.e.PastSimple,PastContinuous,PastPerfect,Future in
the Past,Future Perfect inthe Past,would,usedtodo, to rememberdoingsomething,Direct
and IndirectSpeech,etc.
- Describe the eventsinchronological orderorusingflashbacknarration
IV Useful language
To beginthe story:
Once uponthe time…Inthe beginning,…Atfirst…To beginwith…(Indaysof old)…Long,longtime
ago…
To followeventsone afteranother:
Then,… Just then,… Next… Later,… Later on, … Aftera while,…Aftersome time,…Afterthis/that,
… When… Until … First,… Before… Atonce …
To talk aboutthingshappeningatthe same time:
Meanwhile …While …At aroundthistime …
To talk aboutthe pace of events:
Once … Slowly,…Quickly…Inan instant,…Gradually,… Suddenly,…Immediately,…
To talk abouteventstohappenindue course:
In a moment,… Inthe nextfewdays,…In an hour,… Soon,… Soonafter,…
To finish:
Finally,…Eventually,…In the end… At last,…
To linksimilareventsandthoughts:
…, and …, as well as
To linkopposingeventsandthoughts:
…, but …, yet…, eventhough……, evenif……,although……, though……, in spite of……, despite…
However,…Nevertheless,…Onthe contrary, … On the otherhand, …
To showreasonsfor something:
…, because……, as… …, since……, because of……, for… …, due to …
To showconsequence:
…, so…, …, so that… …, owingto…Therefore,…Thismeantthat… Thus, … Consequently,…Asa
result,… Inresult,…
Made by: KatarzynaPotulna