Workshop on Modelling and Simulation of Coal-fired Power Generation and CCS Process

1. Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants and CO2
Capture – WORKSHOP 2012
A UK CCS Community Network Specialist Workshop
supported by
The Research Councils UK Energy Programme
Report
Coventry 04/2012

2. Contents
1. Summary .........................................................................................................................................................3
2. WORKSHOP PROGRAMME .............................................................................................................................4
3. ABSTRACTS .....................................................................................................................................................5
1st Day, 20th March 2012.....................................................................................................................................5
2nd Day, 21st March 2012 ....................................................................................................................................8
4. List of attendees .......................................................................................................................................... 14
5. Total costs .................................................................................................................................................... 16

3. 1. Summary
On 20th/21st March, the international workshop on Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Power Plants
and CO2 Capture Processes was held at Warwick, which is organised by Prof Jihong Wang and Dr Jacek Wojcik
with the support of the researchers from Power and Control Systems Research Laboratory.
Mathematical modelling and simulation play a crucial role in proof of concept, feasibility study, reliability and
performance analysis for new design and development to be cost effective and robust. This is especially
important in power generation industry and deployment of CO2 capture technologies, where we are limited
in experiments with the real object (power plant). Modelling can potentially support decisions at a range of
business levels, from strategic planning, component and process design through to plant and system
implementation, operation and maintenance. The workshop included 16 presentations from academic
institutions and industry. 60 participants from UK, China, Poland, Belgium and USA were willingness to share
their time and expertise in the area of mathematical modelling and simulation.
The main aims of this workshop were:
 to exchange the information of modelling and simulation techniques and the progress of research in
this area;
 to create a meeting platform for researchers in this area to get together;
 to get a better picture for who does what in this research area;
 to update the software package and computer language available for modelling and simulation;
 to explore the opportunity for more unified software package in the future to achieve exchangeable
modelling and simulation blocks;
 to get better ideas for what the industrial needs are.
It was also a great opportunity to make new contacts and to discus for potential collaboration and future
grant applications. The event is sponsored by UKCCSC (UK Carbon Capture and Storage Community), Science
City Energy Efficiency Project and Warwick GPP in energy.
Organisers: Prof J Wang, Dr J D Wojcik (The University of Warwick),
Dr H Chalmers and Dr M Lucquiaud (The University of Edinburgh),
Dr J Peng (The University of Sussex)
Date: 12:00 lunch time 20th March 2012 – 14:00 21st March 2012
Dinner: Scarman House (on University Campus), 20th March 2012
Venue: F111, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
Programme: The workshop programme consists of presentations and software demonstrations.

4. 2. WORKSHOP PROGRAMME
1st day, 20th March 2012
Time Venue
First floor next
12:00 Registration and lunch to F106
13:30 Welcoming address remarks… F111
Presentations from academic institutions and industry
13:50 Prof Q Gao Tsinghua University Clean Coal Technology in China F111
14:20 Prof M Pourkashanian (TBC) University of Leeds tbc F111
Hybrid Coal-fired Power Plants with CO2 Capture: An Economic
14:40 Dr M H Wang Cranfield University F111
Evaluation and Dynamic Analysis
15:00 Anthony Browne ( Dr Hao Liu) University of Nottingham Modeling of Post Combustion Carbon Capture in Aspen HYSYS F111
15:20- First floor next
15:40 Coffee break to F106
15:40 Greg Kosowski TRAX International Carbon Capture Modeling using ProTRAX F111
16:00 Joakim Beck (Prof Eric Fraga) University College London Surrogate modelling for PSA design for carbon capture F111
Addressing technology uncertainties in power plants with post-
16:20 Dr Mathieu Lucquiaud University of Edinburgh F111
combustion capture: The need for bespoke CCS power plant models
Prof J Wang , Prof Q Gao,
University of Warwick and Supercritical Coal Fired Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control
16:40 Dr Y L Xue, Dr J Wojcik, Dr B Al- F111
Tsinghua University for Grid Code Compliance
Duri , M Draganescu, S Guo
F106/
17:20 Demonstration of ProTRAX software package Coffee Break and Networking, tour Engineering at Warwick
F111/A205
18:30 Workshop Dinner Scarman House
2nd day, 21st March 2012
Time Venue
8:30- First floor next
9:00 tea/coffee/cakes to F106
Presentations from academic institutions and industry
09:00 Dr Zhichun Sun Shenhua Guohua Power Study on the Mechanism of Being Blocked of GGH in Power Plants F111
PSE Ltd and Cranfield
09:20 Dr Adekola Lawal Dynamic analysis of coal-fired subcritical power plant with CO2 capture F111
University
The effects of parameters of primary frequency control on the
09:40 Dr Z X Sun Xi’an Jiaotong University F111
stabilization of grid frequency
Development and validation of dynamic models for CO2 capture with
10:00 Chet Biliyok Cranfield University F111
chemical Absorption
Niall Mac Dowell (Prof Shah,
10:20 Imperial College Dynamic modelling of amine-based CO2 capture processes F111
Nilay)
10:40- First floor next
11:00 Coffee Break to F106
The practical use of selected models of power plant objects in various
11:00 M Lipinski IASE F111
control systems of pulverized coal-fired drum boilers.
11:20 Daniel Friedrich University of Edinburgh Efficient simulations of general adsorption cycles F111
Dr J Wood, Prof J Wang, Y University of Birmingham Modelling of Pre-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture and Power Plant
11:40 F111
Wang, S Caldwell and University of Warwick Cycle at IGCC Power Stations
First floor next
12:20 Lunch to F106
Small meetings for further discussions –
13:00
after the main workshop

5. 3. ABSTRACTS
1st Day, 20th March 2012
Hybrid Coal-fired Power Plants with CO2 Capture: An Economic Evaluation and
Dynamic Analysis
Meihong Wanga, Ye Huangb and Adekola Lawala,c
a
Process Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire,
MK43 0AL, UK.
b
Centre for Sustainable Technologies, School of the Built Environment, University of Ulster, UK, BT37 0QB
c
Process Systems Enterprise Ltd, 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA, UK
Post-combustion capture by chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent is well suited for
treating flue gas streams with low CO2 partial pressures typical of coal-fired power plants. The drawback of
this process is the high energy requirement for solvent regeneration. However, it requires minimal
modifications to the combustion process and is thus well suited for retrofit options.
The oxyfuel process produces a flue gas stream that has a high CO2 partial pressure which makes CO2
separation considerably easier. However, the Air Separation Unit (ASU) would require large quantities of
energy to generate the amounts of oxygen needed for the conventional oxyfuel process. In addition,
significant modifications to the boiler are required when firing pulverized fuel in a concentrated oxygen
stream instead of air.
Doukelis et al. (2009) show that there could be benefits in a combination of these two types of CO 2 capture
technologies, resulting in a partial oxyfuel mode in the furnace and the post-combustion solvent scrubbing.
They suggested that this option may be particularly beneficial when retrofitting existing power plants.
This study investigates (a) the economic evaluation as presented in Huang et al. (2012); (b) the operation of
the chemical absorption process downstream an enhanced-O2 coal power plant using dynamic modelling and
simulation as presented in Lawal et al. (2011).
Keywords: Post-combustion, CO2 capture, Pulverized coal power plant, oxy-fuel combustion, Chemical
absorption, MEA, Dynamic modelling
Modelling of Post Combustion Carbon Capture in Aspen HYSYS
Anthony Browne
University of Nottingham
This presentation describes the process for, and initial outcomes of modelling a Post Combustion Carbon
Capture (PCC) system within Aspen HYSYS V7.1 where both technical and economic estimations are
necessary. The work has highlighted a number of key knowledge areas to be developed in order for improved
technical modelling and cost estimation. Notably a better understanding of how Aspen HYSYS utilises the
chemical models within it’s Amines Property Package, and the replacement of generic costs for steam and
process water.
A system treating 5% of the flue gas stream from a 500MW coal fired power station, utilising aqueous MEA is
described. The model estimates costs of £0.15 per Kg of CO2 captured with total fixed costs of £23million with
annual operating costs of £25million. This represents an additional cost of £0.12 per KWH of electricity
generated.

6. Carbon Capture Modeling using ProTRAX
Greg Kosowski
TRAX International
Capturing the carbon dioxide emitted from fossil-fired power plants will be necessary if targeted reductions in
carbon emissions are to be achieved. One method of burning coal in utility boilers that simplifies the carbon
capture process is called oxy-combustion. During the oxy-combustion process, coal is burned in oxygen
instead of air; this results in a flue gas stream consisting almost entirely of water vapor and carbon dioxide.
Standard industrial equipment can then be used to isolate the carbon dioxide and prepare it for discharge into
a pipeline.
The TRAX Corp. is currently working with a utility partner to develop a dynamic simulation of an oxy-
combustion power plant and subsequent carbon dioxide capture. This dynamic plant model will be used for:
 Process design and evaluation
 Control system design
 Assessment of the impact of carbon capture equipment on plant dynamics
 Operator training
This presentation will describe the overall project, current status, problems encountered, and remaining
work, with an emphasis on the carbon capture process.
Surrogate modelling for PSA design for carbon capture
Joakim Beck
University College London
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a cyclic adsorption process for gas separation, and its design is a matter of
study for various applications. Much attention has been devoted towards the simulation and optimisation of
various PSA cycles. PSA beds are described with hyperbolic/parabolic partial differential algebraic equations,
and the separation performance should be assessed at cyclic steady state (CSS).
This talk presents a surrogate based optimisation approach based on kriging to reduce computational expense
in the design of PSA systems. The numerical tests are conducted to demonstrate the results of the approach
when used with a genetic algorithm, with a multi-start sequential quadratic programming method, and with
an efficient global optimisation algorithm, and to illustrate the effectiveness in addressing the computational
expense associated with the design of a PSA system through computer simulation and optimisation. The use
of the surrogate modelling approach was shown to have a significantly faster acceleration in the search for
quality designs compared to a conventional genetic algorithm.
The underlying case study is the design of a Dual-piston PSA system to separate a binary mixture of N2 and
CO2, which is an interesting application for post-combustion carbon capture.

7. Addressing technology uncertainties in power plants with post-combustion capture:
The need for bespoke CCS power plant models
Mathieu Lucquiaud
The University of Edinburgh
Very little underpinning research has been undertaken to develop the approaches required to mitigate or
manage risks associated with technology uncertainty in CCS power plants. Instead, most of the current
research on CO2 capture from power stations is typically focused on operation of the power cycle and the
capture plant with the assumption of a fixed technology throughout the life of the plant.
This paper examines, at a generic level, the scope for modelling power plants with post-combustion CO2
capture to future-proof their hardware against technology developments so that they are able to incorporate
improvements. The quantitative analysis considers the case study example of pulverised coal plants with post-
combustion CO2 capture using flue gas wet scrubbing with liquid solvents since this technology is likely to be
used on many of the first CCS plants and is inherently upgradable through replacement of the solvent. A
modelling approach is presented that identifies critical pieces of hardware by screening future Supercritical
Coal Fired Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control for Grid Code Compliance
Study of Supercritical Coal Fired Power Plant Dynamic Responses and Control for
Grid Code Compliance
Prof Jihong Wanga, Dr Jacek D Wojcika, Dr Yali Xueb
a
University of Warwick, UK.
b
Tsinghua University, China
This presentation summaries the EPSRC funded research project in supercritical power plant modelling,
simulation and Grid Code compliance study. This is a research project joint between the Universities of
Warwick and Birmingham and two universities in China – Tsinghua University and North China Electric Power
University. The presentation gives a brief introduction to the history of power plant simulation conducted by
Tsinghua University, as well as the principle and functions of a power plant simulator. Then several key issues
are addressed in developing a supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) power plant simulator based on the feature
of SCPC power plant. The preliminary progress of this project is reported, including the simulation scope,
software/hardware structure, modelling method of key devices (take start-up steam/water separator as an
example), control system model and human-machine interface development.

8. 2nd Day, 21st March 2012
Study on the Mechanism of Being Blocked of GGH in Power Plants
Dr. Zhichun Sun
Shenhua Guohua Power
More than 50% of wet flue gas desulphurization system thermal power generating units set gas gas heater
(GGH). In practical operation, GGH plug causes pressure increasing, leading to serious boosting fan stall, boiler
trip; and affecting the safety of plant operation, economy and environmental benefits. For solving the
congestion problems of GGH, the blocking mechanism of GGH, GGH scale composition, mist eliminator
performance, the jet bubble reacter (JBR) control features and so on have been studied.
First of all, it has been found that GGH scale is derived from the gypsum slurry carried by the net flue gas by
analyzing phase and elemental of the GGH different side of the scale composition. Based on the power plants
in Taishan and Dingzhou velocity field throughout the desulfurization system numerical simulation and
experimental verification, it has been found that the velocity field before demister uneven distribution of flue
gas velocity deviation from the best defogging efficiency demister area limestone slurry flue gas carried by
leading to the increase GGH jam.
The experiment of various parameters demister such as plate type, plate spacing, gas flow rate, effects on the
efficiency demister has been performed, with arc-shaped plate and folded plate flue gas flow rate range of
high defogging 4m/s ~ 8m/s. The second brought in demister accurs when the fluegas flow rate is higher than
8m/s, leading the efficiency to a rapid decline. Two layout arc-Pack 26-20 combinations of blade Taishan
power plant is more efficient than the average fog removing the original plate by about 8%; and three
combinations with two demister combination have no significant improvement. Numerical simulation of
demister shows that as the droplet diameter increases, the defogging efficiency increases rapidly. Folded
plate demister fits for the separation of large droplets. Arc-shaped plate demister fits for the removal of tiny
droplets. Droplets on the particle size of 20 microns or less are in the low efficiency of removal. JBR reactor
experiment shows that: with the JBR run liquid level increases, the generation of small droplets remarkablely
reduces; and the concentration of small droplets can be reduced by increasing the level of grid. In view of the
actual operation of JBR 125mm, it’s concluded that the best grid installation location is 50mm from the jet
orifice department.
On the basis of the mechanism, a technology of tiny droplets online test, desulfurization tower tiny droplets
controling technology, demister plate coupled with the defogging efficiency technology, GGH heat exchanger
cleaning technology and other key technology components have been developed. GGH plug of solution has
been put forward, and the application in Taishan, Dingzhou and other large-scale thermal power plant
engineering has got good results.
keywords：gas-gas heater, mist eliminators, numerical simulation, chemical cleaning

9. Demonstrating full-scale post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a pulverized
coal power plant
Adekola Lawala,b and Meihong Wanga
a
Process Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University,
Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
b
Process Systems Enterprise Ltd, 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA, UK
Fossil-fuel power plants are the largest single source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Increasing atmospheric
concentration of CO2 has been linked to problems like climate change and the acidification of the oceans.
Carbon capture and storage can be used to mitigate CO2 emissions from such power plants. This comes,
however, at additional investment and operating costs which are quite significant. This presentation provides
insights into the design and operation of full-scale post-combustion CO2 capture integrated with a pulverized
coal power plant through dynamic modelling and simulation. The gPROMS® (Process Systems Enterprise Ltd.)
advanced process modelling environment has been used to implement the work. The development and
validation of the dynamic models of the power plant and CO2 capture plant are described. In addition, the
scale-up of the CO2 capture plant from pilot plant scale (where it was validated) to full scale is discussed.
Subsequently the manner in which the two plant models were linked is discussed. A floating IP/LP crossover
pressure configuration is used. A throttling valve is included between the LP turbine and draw-off point to
prevent pressures at the crossover from dropping below required levels in the reboiler for solvent
regeneration. The flue gas from the power plant is cooled and treated before it is sent to the CO2 capture
plant. A number of steady state and dynamic case studies are investigated using the integrated model. Results
show the CO2 capture plant’s slower response compared with the power plant and possible interactions
between control systems of both processes.
The design and operation of full-chain CCS systems are currently being investigated in an Energy Technologies
Institute-funded project by a consortium comprising the E.ON, EDF, Rolls-Royce, Process Systems Enterprise,
CO2DeepStore and E4tech. This presentation includes descriptions of the activities towards the development
of the full-chain CCS modelling tool-kit.
Keywords: Post-combustion, CO2 capture, Pulverized coal power plant, Chemical absorption, MEA, Dynamic
modelling.
The effects of parameters of primary frequency control on the stabilization of grid
frequency
Zhixin Sun
Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Power system stability is considered as an important problem for system operation, and power system
frequency is one of the vital parameters in power system operation. The deviation of grid frequency must be
controlled within an allowable range under any disturbances. System frequency is regulated through primary
and secondary frequency controls generally. Primary frequency control (PFC) regulates the fast quantity of
load in dynamic process, and secondary frequency control regulates the slow quantity of load. Thus, when
turbulence occurs in power system, PFC is of great importance in the first several seconds.
Computer simulation is the most effective way for stabilization analysis of grid frequency. In this study,
mathematical model for stabilization analysis is established. The dynamic process of boiler is very slow
comparing with the dynamic process of steam turbines. Since the PFC works only at the first several seconds,
the variations of boiler parameters are nearly neglectable. Hence, the modeling of boiler is omitted and only
the steam turbines and the governing system are modeled. The constants in the models can be obtained by
parameter identification from dynamic test data.

10. Dead band and speed droop are the most important parameters of PFC, which may affect the grid frequency
stability greatly. Thus their effects on stability of grid frequency are investigated respectively.
The simulation results show that:
 When the capacity of units with 2rpm dead band is 90% and the capacity of units with 3rpm dead
band is 10%, the allowed load disturbance is 8.2%. As the dead band decreases, the maximum
allowed load disturbance increases, the system oscillation decreases, and the maximum amplitude of
frequency response decreases obviously. When unit capacity with small dead band increases, the
dynamic characteristic gets better, overshoot becomes smaller, the response speed is faster, and
system reaches steady state more quickly.
 When load disturbance occurs, units with small speed droop would suffer larger power variation,
which is a threat to the safety of unit. The overshoot and stabilization time of frequency for units with
large speed droop would decrease, but their steady error would increase. Therefore, the speed droop
for each unit should be set closely to protect the unit’s safety and ensure stable system frequency.
Dynamic Modelling and Validation of Post-combustion Chemical Absorption CO2
Capture Plant
Chechet Biliyoka, Adekola Lawalb, Meihong Wanga
a
Process Systems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Cranfield University,
Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
b
Process Systems Enterprise Ltd, 26-28 Hammersmith Grove, London W6 7HA, UK
The development of dynamic models for post-combustion CO2 capture with chemical absorption using
monoethanolamine (MEA) has done been done in the past. Such models are only validated at steady-state,
which means the models can predict process performance at different operating points. However, without
dynamic validation, there is no guarantee that the model in question would predict dynamic responses
accurately. This paper presents a dynamic validation study. The absorber and regenerator were modelled
based on the two-film theory with a rated-based approach and chemical reactions assumed to be at
equilibrium. PSE’s gPROMS® advanced process modelling environment is used to implement work. Electrolyte
NRTL activity coefficient model in Aspen Properties is used to describe both the chemical equilibrium and the
Vapour-Liquid equilibrium, and also supplied physical properties for the system. The plant data logs used for
validation is provided by the Separation Research Programme of the University of Texas at Austin. Three cases
were considered for comparison, the first a conventional process and the other two incorporating an
intercooler in the absorber to enhance CO2 absorption. The absorber temperature profile, the capture level
and the reboiler duty were used for comparison. It is observed that the model satisfactorily predicts the pilot
plant behaviour and response resulting from a process input such as a step change in flue gas or lean solvent
flow rate or a disturbance like fluctuating CO2 concentration in the flue gas. In fact the model is able to handle
multiple process inputs and disturbances, producing trends in close agreement with the pilot plant data logs.
Keywords: Post-combustion, CO2 capture, Chemical absorption, MEA, Intercooler, Dynamic modelling, Model
validation.
Dynamic modelling of amine-based CO2 capture processes
Niall Mac Dowell
Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London
In this contribution, we present dynamic models of amine-based CO2 capture processes. Reactions are
considered to be equilibrium, and are modelled using the SAFT-VR equation of state. We use a physical
interpretation of the many interactions occurring in the fluid, providing a significant simplification over the
traditional chemical interpretation. In this way, we avoid the use of enhancement factors, significantly
reducing our dependence on experimental data. Heat and mass transfer phenomena are described with the
two-film theory. The steady state performance of the dynamic model is validated using pilot-plant data. We
present a study on the effect of flue-gas humidity on the position of the mass transfer zone within the

11. absorption column. We then use our models to identify the cost-optimal degree of capture for a 660MW coal-
fired power station. A highly non-linear cost-versus-degree of capture relationship is observed. We study the
effects of changing carbon and electricity prices on the cost-optimal degree of capture, and consider
implications towards legislation formulation. We go on to on to present a study on the dynamic operation of
the solvent regeneration process. We account for the real-time cost compromise between electricity/energy
and carbon costs and show how the application of advanced control techniques can result in enhanced
process flexibility and allow us to realise a significant reduction in the operational cost. All process models are
implemented in gPROMS, with control models implemented in MATLAB.
The practical use of selected models of power plant objects in various control
systems of pulverized coal-fired drum boilers.
Mr Mariusz Lipinski
Institute of Power Systems Automation Ltd, Poland
Fires in coal mills are undesirable phenomenon, especially in co-fired biomass. Biomass clusters in grinding
chamber, which leads to ignition and fire in coal mill. In order to face this problem Institute of Power Systems
Automation Ltd (IASE Ltd.) created detection and prevention system of fire and ignition, which has two
elements:
1. Identify the loss of fuel in the coal mill system based on coal-mill model.
The system creates the difference between modeled power of mill engine and actual power of mill engine and
then makes comparison with defined threshold value (in the overrun indicator with set hysteresis). When the
limiting value is exceeded the logic signal is generated informing about coal shortage. The signal is stored and
displayed, as well as practically used in the process of disturbance elimination. This information is vital,
because disturbances in the fuel flow to the boiler tend to destabilize work of most control systems, leading
to creation of exaggerated, harmful deviations in technological parameters and their nominal values.
2. Fire detection system based on the coal-mill model.
The system enabling ignition and fire detection in coal-mills is based on comparison of the air-dust mixture
temperature with the modeled temperature of the air-dust mixture. The logic signal informing about overheat
of the mill is created when the defined threshold value (in the overrun indicator with set hysteresis) is
exceeded by the signal relating the difference in temperatures between the air-dust mixture and its model
(obtained from the heat balance deviations due to disturbances not included in the created mill model). It is
then successfully used in the system protecting the mill against the propagation of a threat (fire), e.g. through
introduction of chemically neutral gas or steam. Implementation of the above system is especially effective in
systems with inertial measurement devices of the air-dust mixture temperature.
Efficient simulations of general adsorption cycles
Daniel Friedricha, Maria-Chiara Ferraria, Peter Reidb and Stefano Brandania
a Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh
b College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes are receiving considerable interest as separation process for
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) due to the potential for higher productivity and a lower energy penalty. To
fulfil this potential adsorption based separation processes require adsorbent materials and process conditions
tailored to the specific separation. Both aspects depend on a large number of parameters: i) the
characteristics of novel adsorbent materials, such as kinetic and equilibrium parameters, have to be estimated
from experiments; ii) the adsorption process depends critically on the process conditions, such as cycle
configuration, column and adsorbent sizes, temperature, pressure and flow rates. Hence a solely
experimental approach is not feasible and it is important to support experiments by accurate and efficient
simulation tools. Once these tools are validated they can be used for the parameter estimation for novel
adsorbents and for the optimisation of the process conditions.

12. However, adsorption processes are inherently dynamic and even the simplest models lead to a system of
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Thus it is challenging to develop accurate computational tools which are
faster and more economical than the actual experiments.
In this contribution we show the implementation of efficient numerical tools for the simulation of pressure
swing adsorption cycles coupled with numerical strategies for the calculation of Cyclic Steady State (CSS). The
implementation is based on a model hierarchy which is developed from the mass, momentum and energy
balances in the gas and solid phases and leads to a set of models with increasing complexity. The system of
PDEs resulting from the model hierarchy are solved with state-of-the-art discretisation schemes, which are
tailored to the character of the governing equations. PDEs with a strong hyperbolic character, i.e. mass and
energy transport in the gas phase, are discretised with the Finite Volume Method (FVM) with a flux-limiting
scheme; this guarantees the conservation of mass and energy as well as correct tracking of the moving fronts.
The mass and heat transfer in the adsorbent materials is discretised with the orthogonal collocation on finite
elements method which is a very efficient method for problems with steep, stationary gradients. The large
system of Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) is solved with the SUNDIALS solver suite from the Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory.
However, even with these sophisticated discretisation schemes, the computation times to reach CSS are long
due to the non-linear system behaviour as well as the complex nature of the system. We use several
strategies to reduce the computation time: i) model hierarchy, use the simplest model which accurately
describes the problem; ii) model and discretisation switch: initial simulation with simpler model, e.g. LDF
instead of full diffusion model, and lower resolution discretisation; iii) implementation of numerical
acceleration schemes, e.g. extrapolation or Newton method, which accelerate the convergence to CSS; iv)
interpolation of the starting conditions from previous simulation runs.
The integration of the simulation tool with a simple graphical user interface for the simulation of Skarstrom
PSA/VSA cycles and future developments of the simulation tool are discussed.
Modelling of Pre-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture and Power Plant Cycle at IGCC
Power Stations.
Prof. Jihong Wanga, Dr Joe Woodb, Dr Bushra Al-Durib, Simon Caldwellb, Yue Wanga.
University of Warwick,
University of Birmingham.
CO2 capture and storage has attracted significant recent interest as a potential greenhouse gas mitigation
strategy. Although CO2 capture could help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it comes at a cost of reduced
power station efficiency, as well as the capital and operating costs of providing the capture equipment. Pre-
combustion capture is proven industrial scale technology, but needs three times scale up for power plants.
There are challenging issues which need to be addressed before this highly promising cleaner coal technology
can be implemented in a large scale. Consequently, there is a need for model based systematic study of the
performance of the pre-combustion capture unit, and moreover integration with overall power plant
performance, in order to optimise the whole plant process performance. In order to address this overall
problem, it has been broken down in to two work packages:
Modelling and simulation study of CCS (University of Birmingham). The capture of carbon dioxide is being
simulated using gProms software. The models are being constructed to include a dynamic model of pressure
swing adsorption processes. These encompass unsteady state mass and energy balances, coupled with the
Langmuir isotherm and Linear Driving Force Model of Mass Transfer. The preliminary experimental data have
been validated using a laboratory scale packed bed reactor and adsorption data for zeolite 13X, before
moving on to study adsorption over activated carbons.
Modelling and simulation study of IGCC power generation process (University of Warwick). A complete
mathematical model for the whole IGCC power generation process is being developed with the pre-
combustion process integrated. The work started by revisiting the previous research for mathematical model
of “power block” (from a turbine to electricity) of gas fired power plants developed at Tsinghua University in
China. Initial studies at Warwick have used Thermolib software to study models of the gas turbine, heat
recovery steam generator, water gas shift reactor and gas turbine heat recovery module.

13. This work is part of a research programme between 5 universities namely Nottingham, Birmingham, UCL and
Warwick (in the UK) and Tsinghua University (Beijing, China).
Following an introduction to the overall project, a detailed progress update will be given by PhD students
working on the project.

14. 4. List of attendees
Company Last Name First Name Job Title
Cardiff University Mrs Ebereonwu Idegbe Research Student
Costain Mr. saimbi arvinder Power development engineer
Coventry University Miss Cazacu Luminita Student
Cranfield University Dr. Di Lorenzo Giuseppina Research Fellow
Cranfield University Mr. Biliyok Chet Researcher
Cranfield University Mr. OKO Eni PhD Student
Cranfield University Dr. Wang Meihong Lecturer
Erasmushogeschool Brussel Mr. Abeloos Stijn Student
Imperial College Dr. Mac Dowell Niall Research associate
Institute of Power Systems
Mr. Lipinski Mariusz Technical - Research Major Specialist
Automation Ltd
Institute of Power Systems
Mr. Kielian Maciej Technical Research
Automation Ltd
Mohammad
Leeds University Mr. Vazirian PhD Student
Mohsen
Parsons Bricnkerhoff Dr. Foy Kirsten Senior CCS Engineer
Process Systems Enterprise Dr. Lawal Adekola CCS Consultant
Process Systems Enterprise Mr. Saintey-Howes James Academic Sales (EMEA)
Swansea University Dr. Raji Saburi Research fellow
Swansea University , UK Dr. Raji Saburi Engineer
The polytechnic of sokoto state Mr. Saidu Isah Lecturer
TRAX International Mr. Kosowski Greg Director of Engineering Analysis
Tsinghua University Ms. Xue Yali Assistant Professor
Tsinghua University Prof. Gao Qirui Teacher
UCL Mr. Beck Joakim PhD Researcher
University of Birmingham Mr. Caldwell Simon PhD Student
University of Birmingham Dr. Wood Joseph (Joe) Reader in Chemical Engineering
Sanchez del Rio
University of Edinburgh Miss Maria PhD Student
Saez
University of Edinburgh Dr Lucquiaud Mathieu Research Fellow
University of Edinburgh Miss Herraiz Laura PhD Student
University of Edinburgh, IMP Dr. Friedrich Daniel Research Fellow
University of Exeter Dr. Li Jia Lecturer in Carbon Capture
University of Exeter Dr. Liang Xi Lecturer in Energy Policy
University of Leeds Prof. Pourkashanian Mohamed Head of ETII
University of Nottingham Mr. Demetriades Thomas Research Engineer
University of Nottingham Mr. Meghani Bishan EngD student
University of Nottingham Mr. Duwahir Zahras Student
University of Warwick Mr. Dooner Mark PhD Student
University of Warwick Dr. Wojcik Jacek Research Fellow
University of Warwick Mr. Wang Yue PhD student
University of Warwick Dr Luo Xing Research Fellow
University of Warwick Ms Mohammadi Blossom Student
University of Warwick Mr. Alexakis Petros MSc Student
University of Warwick Mr. Draganescu Mihai PhD Student

15. University of Warwick Prof. Parker Evan Professorial Research Fellow
University of Warwick Prof. MacKay Robert Professor
University of Warwick Mr. Guo Shen Student
University of Warwick Prof. Wang Jihong Professor
University of Warwick Dr. Chan Manleung Senior Fellow
University of Warwick Mr. Liu Hao Student
Valia CL College , ANDHERI WEST Mr. Naik Mahesh Assistant Professor
Warsaw University of Technology Dr. Milewski Jaroslaw Associate Professor
Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Wolowicz Marcin MSc Eng
Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Szablowski Lukasz Ph.D. student
Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Bernat Rafał Research Assistant
Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Bujalski Wojciech adiunkt
Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Futyma Kamil PhD student
Warsaw University of Technology Mr. Kucowski Jan research assistant
Xi‘an Jiaotong University Dr. Sun Zhixin PhD

16. 5. Total costs
Below you can find a table with total workshop costs. The University of Edinburgh was invoiced £3735.37.
Table 1 Total workshop costs.
Name from Travel Accommodation Meal Other Total
1 Licquiad* Mathieu Edinburgh 508.90 - 34.48 - 543.38
2 Eni Oko Cranfield - 100.80 - - 100.80
3 Wang Meihong Cranfield - 100.80 - - 100.80
4 Idegbe Ebereonwu Cardiff - 84.00 - - 84.00
5 Zahras Duwahir Nottingham 45.00 84.00 - - 129.00
6 Chechet Biliyok Cranfield 51.40 51.00 - 7.99 110.39
7 Li Jia Exter 91.50 - - - 91.50
8 Pourkashanian Mohamed Leeds 63.00 - - - 63.00
Total 759.80 420.60 34.48 7.99 1222.87
* - claims together with Sanchez Maria & Herraiz Laura
CATERING people cost
Dinner 55 1402.50
st
Lunch 1 Day 55 393.50
Tea/coffee+cakes 60 126.00
Tea/coffee 60 60.00
nd
Lunch 2 Day 55 302.50
Tea/coffee 60 150.00
Tea/coffee 60 78.00
TOTAL 2512.50
TOTAL 3735.37