2. Approach
• Get the BIG picture before programming
• “Why?” then “How?”
• Principles and practices: know the concepts
and know how to design and implement an
application.
• In the industry: design then coding
3. What is a Computer?
From the Webster’s New World Dictionary:
1. A person who computes.
2. A device used for computing (an
electronic machine which by means of
stored instructions and information,
perform rapid, often complex calculations
or compiles, correlates, and selects data).
4. What is a program and what is programming?
Programs:
stored computer instructions for data
processing.
Programming
= Data Structures + Algorithms
Professor Donald E. Knuth
5. What Types of Programs?
(1) Stand Alone:
MS PowerPoint
(2) Web/Internet-based:
(a) Client-side: client-side JavaScript
(b) Server Side:
ASP.NET, JSP, Web Services
3-Tir Enterprise Applications
(c) Both-sides: Apps
(3) Cloud: Applications on the Cloud. Everything is
on the Internet and the Internet is “a’ huge computer.
Why? Code Reuse!
6. Traditional Compilation/Linking (C/C++)
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
Binary Code for OS1
OS1
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS2
OS2
8. Java Intermediate Language: Java Bytecode
Java Source Code (.java)
Java Compiler (javac) on OS1
Java Compiler (javac) on OS2
Java Bytecode (.class)
Java Interpreter on OS1 (java)
Java Interpreter on OS2 (java)
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
OS2
Program statements are interpreted one at a time during the run-time.
9. JIT Compiler
An interpreter interprets intermediate code one
line at a time. Slow execution.
A JIT (Just-In-Time) Compiler compiles the
complete code all at once just into native binary
code before execution. Faster execution.
10. JIT Complier: Java Bytecode Compiler
Java Source Code (.java)
Java Compiler (javac) on OS1
Java Compiler (javac) on OS2
Java Bytecode (.class)
Java JIT Compiler on OS1
Java JIT Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
OS2
All programming statements are compiled at compile time.
11. OS-Independent Code:
Intermediate Languages
The trend to support OS-independent binary
code is to compile the source code into the binary
format of an intermediate language.
And to provide an interpreter for the
intermediate language on each OS to translate the
binary code of the intermediate language into the
native binary code of the OS.
12. OS-Independent Compilation: Intermediate Language
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
Language 1 Compiler on OS2
Intermediate Binary Code
Intermediate Code Interpreter OS1
Intermediate Code Interpreter OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
OS2
13. MSIL: Microsoft Intermediate Language
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
Language 1 Compiler on OS2
MSIL Code
MSIL JIT Compiler on OS1
MSIL JIT Compiler on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
OS2
.NET OS-Platform-Independence
14. The Programming Language for .NET: C#
C#:
(0) C^+^2n; n = 0, 1, 2, => C, C++, C#
(1) The most advanced programming language to date
(3) OOP (Object-oriented Programming)
(4) EDP (Event Driven Programming)
(5) Dynamic type generation
(6) Platform-independent?: Code runs on any platform
with .NET runtime
(7) Visual Studio
16. .NET Common Language Runtime
To make .NET language independent, CLR (Common Language
Runtime) is defined as the runtime environment.
CLR defines CTS (Common Type System) which should be
followed by all languages to be used in the .NET framework.
Syntax: int, for, ..
Semantics: multiple inheritance is not allowed in CTS
The code that follows CTS standard is called managed code.
regular C++ supports multiple inheritance
managed C++ does not support multiple inheritance
17. CLR: Common Language Runtime
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
Source Code for Language 2
Language 2 Compiler on OS2
MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)
CLR on OS1
CLR on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
OS2
.NET Language-Independence
18. .NET Architecture for Language and Platform Independence
(fan-in and fan-out on MSIL)
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
MSIL Code Confirming CTS (Managed Code)
CLR on OS1
Source Code for Language 2
CLR on OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
Language 2 Compiler on OS2
OS2
20. CLI : Common Language Infrastructure
A specification defines an environment for multiple
high-level languages to be used on different computer
platforms.
Created by Microsoft based on .NET, standardized by
MS, Intel, HP and others, ratified by ECMA and ISO.
.NET is an implementation of CLI for desktop systems.
.NET Compact Framework is an implementation of CLI
for portable devices.
Open Source implementations: Mono development
platform (Novell), Portable .NET (dotGNU)
21. CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) Specification
Open Architecture for Language and Platform Independent Programming
Source Code for Language 1
Language 1 Compiler on OS1
CIL (Common Intermediate Language) Code
Confirming CTS (Common Type System)
CLR for OS1
Source Code for Language 2
CLR for OS2
Binary Code for OS1 Binary Code for OS2
OS1
Language 2 Compiler on OS2
OS2
22. Even though, CLI/CTS/CLR can make a program
written in any language to run on any platform, the
entire program (including all libraries used) has to be
on the platform before running.
Can we have part of a program on one computer and
another part of the same program on another
computer?
Distributed Computing. A program is divided into
multiple parts and different parts are distribute on
different computers.
e.g. virtual surgery.
24. What is .NET?
.Net is a framework for developing OS-platform-
independent, programming-language-
independent, web-enabled,
distributed applications.
25. .Net is Web-enabled and Distributed
To run distributed code on the web, we need a
standard way to register the code and a standard
way to access the code.
Registration:
UDDI Registry: Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration.
Access:
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
WSDL: Web Service Description Language
26. .NET Architecture for Web-based Distributed Computing
Client 1
Client 2
Web Service 1
UDDI Registry 1
SOAP
WSDL Interface 1
UDDI Registry 2
SOAP
Web Service 2 WSDL Interface 2
WEB
28. .NET Framework Compositions
Common Language Runtime (CLR ): provides
the runtime environment for MSIL code.
Framework Class Library (FCL) : provides
standard libraries for developing common .Net
applications.
.NET runtime environment comes with
Windows
.NET development environment comes with
Visual Studio
29. .NET Application Types
Browser
Accessible
Remote
Applications
(ASP.NET)
.Net Framework Class Library
OS
Web Services
Distributed
Applications
Common Language Runtime
Other
Applications
(Mobile, …)
Local
Applications
(Windows
Forms or
Console
Applications)
30. .Net Framework Class Library
System
Windows
Forms
(GUI)
Web Data
(Database)
Enterprise
Services
XML
(Data
Description)
String,
…
UI Services
Connection
DataSet XmlDocument
Language Integrated Query,
Windows Presentation Foundation,
Windows Communication Foundation, …
31. .NET Enterprise Servers
Internet Information Services (IIS): web server
Commerce Server: e-commerce server
SQL Server: database server
Exchange Server: MS exchange services
Mobile Information Server: wireless server
Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server:
firewall, proxy, …
BizTalk: B2B (Business-to-Business) server
32. History: .Net & COM : Code Reuse
MFC: Microsoft Foundation Class, code reuse
within an application (process)
COM: Component Object Model, code reuse
across applications (processes)
DCOM: Distributed COM, code reuse across
systems
COM+: Internet-based Enterprise COM, code
reuse across the Internet
.NET: COM+ 2.0, all COM+ services are
available in .NET, even those not in managed
code, interoperable with COM-based applications
33. Versions of .NET
.Net is evolving.
1.0: fundamentals
CLR, FCL
2.0: http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx
partial classes, profile object, ACL
3.0: http://forums.asp.net/t/1115522.aspx
WCF (Communication),
WWF (Workflow),
WPF (Presentation)
4.0: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/
library/ms171868.aspx
DLR (dynamic language runtime)
improved security model
parallel processing (PLINQ)
35. Latest .NET Framework
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/
vstudio/aa496123
Current version: framework 4.5 (08/2012)
Framework 4.5 for Windows 8.
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) support in 4.5
on Windows 8 in addition to x86
SIMD (single instruction, multiple data), multi
and many core processors (GPUs). Some support
through Direct3D. No support yet for SSE
(Streaming SIMD Extensions to x86)
36. A Common Language for the Internet
(free of compilation and translation)?
37. A Common Language for the Internet
• Tim Berners-Lee
• ASCII text (ISO/IEC 8859-1) is platform-independent.
• HTTP (Hyper Text Transport Protocol)
e.g.
GET wp.html
Assembly Language for the Internet
• HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
High-level language for the Internet)
hyper text: text that describes other text
tags: type definition of text in text
<title>WP</title>
all tags are predefined in HTML
only system defined types, no user defined types
Recognizable by all types of computers. (World Wide Web)
38. A Common Language for the Internet
ÞXML (eXtensible Markup Language)
Allow user defined tags (types)
ÞSOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
Standards for defining objects for the Internet
Based on XML
ÞWSDL (Web Service Description Language)
Standards for describing web services for the Internet
Based on XML
39. Textbooks and References
Te xtbooks:
Programming Microsoft .NET, Jeff Prosise, Microsoft Press
http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Microsoft%C2%AE-NET-Core-reference/dp/0735613761
In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN)
http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/microsoft-dotnet/0735613761/firstchapter
Pro C# 2010 and .NET 4 Platform, Andrew Troelsen, Apress
http://www.amazon.com/2010-NET-Platform-Andrew-Troelsen/dp/1430225491/ref=pd_sim_b_3
In Safari (free online read for UA students through VPN)
http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/csharp/9781430225492
40. Textbooks and References
Re ference Books:
Professional C# 4 and .NET 4, Christian Nagel, et. al., Wrox
Professional C#, Simon Robinson, et. al., Wrox
Microsoft .NET for Programmers, Fergal Grimes, Manning
Programming C#: Building .NET Applications with C#, Jesse Liberty, O’Reilly
For Beginners:
C# Concisely, Bishop & Horspool, Pearson / Addison Wesley
Beginning C# Objects from Concepts to Code, Barker and Palmer, Apress
Microsoft Visual C#.NET Step by Step, John Sharp, Microsoft Press
Visual C#2010, Deitel & Deitel
Understanding .NET, David Chappell, Pearson / Addison Wesley
